Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Reproductive Control Agents”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A syndrome of functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and sterility in a male with elevated serum estradiol.

A 36-year-old male complaining of impotence was examined. He was a genotypic male. Phenotypically, he exhibited signs of long-standing estrogen excess, such as feminine body build, gynecomastia, and varicose veins. His testes were soft and borderline small, and his prostate was small and soft. However, he had a normal-sized penis, normal male hair distribution, normal sense of smell, and normal intelligence. The laboratory data were compatible with mild hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Serum estradiol (E2) levels were consistently elevated. The patient had azoospermia and a decreased semen volume. Inappropriately low levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone responded normally to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and clomiphene citrate. Levels of both testosterone (T) and E2 increased dramatically after prolonged clomiphene medication and in response to human chorionic gonadotropin. There was no change in either T or E2 levels in response to manipulations of the pituitary-adrenal axis. It is concluded that the elevated E2 level was responsible for suppression of gonadotropins which, in turn, caused mild hypogonadism and sterility in this patient. According to the stimulation tests, the source of the elevated E2 levels was testicular.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Influence of sex and oral contraceptive steroids on paracetamol metabolism.

Paracetamol metabolism was investigated in eight healthy males, eight healthy females and eight healthy females receiving oral contraceptive steroids (OCS). Paracetamol clearance was 22% greater in males compared to the control female group. This difference was entirely due to increased activity of the glucuronidation pathway in males, there being no sex-related differences in the sulphation or oxidative metabolism of paracetamol. Paracetamol clearance in females using OCS was 49% greater than in the control females. Glucuronidation and oxidative metabolism were both induced in OCS users (by 78% and 36% respectively) but sulphation was not altered. Although sex-related differences in paracetamol metabolism are unlikely to be of clinical importance, induction of paracetamol metabolism by OCS may have clinical and toxicological consequences.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

Heterogeneous distribution of serum prolactin values in apparently healthy young women, and the effects of oral contraceptive medication.

Controversy over effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) on serum prolactin (PRL) levels from retrospective studies suggested performing a prospective study. Statistical analyses of PRL levels in 552 reproductive-age, nonmedicated women indicated a provisionally lognormal distribution of values less than 15 ng/ml, contaminated by a small number of abnormally high values less than or equal to 90 mg/ml. Truncated samples were used to estimate a "normal range" of PRL levels for three subsets of the study sample, classified according to number of weeks after pregnancy. Fifty-microgram estrogen-containing OCs doubled basal PRL levels at 5 to 8 weeks in those whose initial control values fell below 15 ng/ml, but the PRL elevation was no longer evident at 6 months of drug use. These OCs induced a small but significant lowering of PRL at 5 to 8 weeks in those with control levels of 15 ng/ml or higher. Thirty-five-microgram estrogen-containing OCs failed to alter PRL levels at 5 to 8 weeks in those with control values less than 15 ng/ml.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical study on injectable contraceptive Noristerat.

Results of a clinical study involving 382 subjects using the injectable contraceptive Noristerat (norethisterone enanthate) is presented. The maximum number of acceptors were between 21-25 years of age and had been married for 6-10 years. 50% began their 1st injection within 1 year of the last childbirth. Continuation rates were very high and about 75% returned for their 2nd injection. Among the users, weight gain was seen more commonly than weight loss. There was no significant change in blood pressure. 52.2% reported a menstrual pattern which was within the acceptable range of normal, while only 12.7% had amenorrhea. 15% showed other types of menstrual disturbance. Only 1 woman in the series became pregnant. Menstrual abnormality was the most common cause for discontinuation among the 71 subjects available for interview.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1983

Hormonal dependent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).

This report presents the case history of a 27-year-old woman who developed Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) in the 12th week of her first pregnancy. TTP was successfully controlled with plasma infusions. When plasma infusions were tapered off, TTP relapsed and was followed by eclampsia and fetal death. Plasma infusions were reinstituted until 3 d after delivery. She later suffered relapses manifested by falls in platelet count and haptoglobin level coinciding with the use of an oral contraceptive. After stopping the pill, fluctuations in platelet count and haptoglobin level were observed synchronous with the menstrual cycle (cyclic TTP). The case history described provides evidence for hormonal influences in the genesis of TTP.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of various oral contraceptive combinations on premenstrual symptoms.

The influence of different oral contraceptives on premenstrual complaints was examined in 191 randomly selected women from an urban population. Premenstrual depression and abdominal swelling was significantly more common in women taking oral contraceptives containing the progestogen component lynestrenol than those containing norgestrel. The reason for this difference is discussed. A deficiency of pyridoxine which affects tryptophan metabolism can explain the difference in premenstrual depression. However, it should be emphasized that the system which controls neuro-endocrine balance is extremely complicated and does not at the present time permit any definite conclusions regarding the influence of oral contraceptives on mental complaints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and methyltestosterone on sexual functioning in a male contraceptive trial.

Twenty-three men who participated in a 15-month clinical trial to assess the potential effectiveness of using a combination of varying doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and methyltestosterone (MT) as a male contraceptive agent, completed a "sexual problem checklist" every two weeks. The study was divided into three phases: pre-treatment (3 months), treatment (6 months), post-treatment (6 months). The questionnaire evaluated changes in various aspects of sexual behaviour and sexual perception and explored whether the treatment influenced any of the parameters considered. The results indicated a small, but significant, decrease in subjective assessment of sexual drive. This was not, however, accompanied by a change in sexual behaviour, in that subjects experienced the same number of erections, ejaculations and frequency of intercourse. It is concluded that the combination of MPA and MT in the doses used may produce a slight decrease in subjective assessment of sexual drive, but no change in actual sexual behaviour.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Variability of pharmacokinetic parameters for contraceptive steroids.

Studies of the pharmacokinetics of three contraceptive steroids, ethynyloestradiol, norethisterone and norethisterone oenanthate, in large groups of women are reviewed. Extremely wide variations were observed between women in the various calculated pharmacokinetic parameters. Studies carried out in small groups of subjects may give misleading results. It is difficult to ascribe any meaning and interpretation to most of the derived values but they do provide a means of comparing aspects of the metabolism of the various steroids. It is difficult to relate the pharmacokinetic values to the various biological actions of the steroids. However, the wide variations between subjects in the pharmacokinetic parameters must indicate equally wide variations in the biological activity of the steroids. Subjects in whom the bio-availability is low or where the rate of metabolism is rapid might be expected to respond differently, both in terms of efficacy and side-effects, from subjects with high values for bio-availability and a slow metabolism.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1987

Reversible contraception for women at high risk of fetal anomalies.

Women at risk of pregnancy who are taking potentially teratogenic drugs need to use highly effective contraception. The choice of contraception should reflect the woman's feelings about induced abortion as a backup in case of contraceptive failure. If abortion is acceptable, use of any contraceptive seems reasonable. If abortion is not acceptable, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine devices (each used with a condom) should provide the greatest protection against pregnancy. For most young women, the contraceptive of choice will be a low-dose oral contraceptive.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

Plasma lipids in women using progestogen-only oral contraceptives.

Using a strict protocol, in an attempt to avoid confounding factors, healthy women were assigned at random to a continuous daily dose of either 30 micrograms levonorgestrel or 350 micrograms norethisterone. Volunteers were either aged 40-45 years, or were less than 30 years and 8-12 weeks post partum. Blood plasma lipids and lipoproteins were measured on specimens collected in the fasting state before treatment, then every month during progestogen treatment. After 6 months there was a small increase in plasma triglycerides, especially in older women, and also in a non-lactating younger group. Changes in lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions were insignificant, though there were significant pretreatment differences between the various groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The role of estrogen in the modulation of pituitary sensitivity of LRF (luteinizing hormone-releasing factor) in men.

The role of estradiol in modulating pituitary gonadotropin release in the human male was studied by evaluating the effects of clomiphene on the pituitary gonadotropin response to synthetic LRF (150 mug) in 6 eugonadal men. Administration of clomiphene (100 mg single daily dose time 5 days) induced a significant elevation of the basal levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and testosterone. However, the pituitary release of LH and FSH in response to LRF was markedly diminished by the clomiphene treatment. This finding suggests that in men, as in women, endogenous estradiol provides feedback regulation of gonadotropin output by the pituitary.

Adult↗