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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster relief workers following direct and indirect trauma exposure to Ground Zero.

The present study compared rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in relief workers at the World Trade Center collapse from two sources: direct exposure to the disaster site and indirect exposure through survivor narratives. Standardized clinical interviews for PTSD were conducted with 109 relief workers 6-8 months after the September 11th terrorist attacks. Rates of acute PTSD from direct and indirect exposure to traumatic stressors were 6.4% and 4.6%, respectively. The findings suggest that indirect exposures can lead to PTSD even when Criterion A1 of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 463), i.e., "experienced by a family member or other close associate" is not met. Further research is necessary to define precisely the parameters of indirect traumatic exposure that may be linked to the development of PTSD.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cytogenetic studies in lymphocytes of workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD.

Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were evaluated in 27 workers with current 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) blood lipid concentrations exceeding 40 parts per trillion (ppt) and in 28 unexposed referents of similar age. No statistical differences were found between the two groups in the percentages of gaps, chromatid or chromosome exchanges, chromatid or chromosome breaks/fragments/deletions, multiple aberrations, or the overall percentage of aberrations including gaps (1.33% in the exposed group vs 1.75% in the referent group) or excluding gaps (0.54% in each group). There was an increased rate of SCEs per cell (P = 0.051) and a higher percentage of cells with more than 10 SCEs (P = 0.064) in the exposed group; however, these associations were no longer significant when smoking status was included as covariate. Additionally, neither current nor back-calculated TCDD concentration was a significant predictor of these parameters based on multiple linear and rank regression analyses.

Accidents↗
PubMed1980

A typology for the classification of disasters.

A model that can be used to classify various types of dasasters is presented. The model allows for disasters to be classified along five criteria: (1) type of disaster (acts of God as opposed to man made), (2) duration of disaster, (3) degree of personal impact, (4) potential for occurrence, and (5) control over future impact. The point is made that the model can be utilized in identification of crucial elements of a disaster. The identification of such elements will, in turn, assist the human service provider in planning intervention activities that make sense in light of consequences (and potential future consequences) suffered by victims.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

From humanitarian action to international health.

Currently, three main perspectives are considered in international relations in the field of health: humanitarian action in cases of emergency, development cooperation, and "international health". Usually, these situations are described as separate fields, managed by different types of organizations, with specific aims and problems. The main questions raised by these perspectives are first discussed, then elements of convergence between them are described, and finally, some practical ways to reach the objectives of a global model in which humanitarian action and development cooperation are both situated within the broader methodological context of international health are explored.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1996

Voluntary and professional disaster-workers: similarities and differences in reactions.

Forty-three rescuers responding to a bus crash that killed 12 children and 4 adults and injured many more answered questionnaires at 1 and 13 months following the crash. This study compared the responses of the voluntary and professional helpers, using the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). For all helpers taken together, the decline in IES-intrusion and IES-total scores was significant from 1 to 13 months. The voluntary helpers reported significantly more intrusion and avoidance on the IES at 1 month than professional helpers, and for avoidance the voluntary helpers still evidenced a significantly higher score than professional helpers at 13 months. The GHQ scores at 13 months reflected that the long-term negative impact of the event was low.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1994

The response of an assertive community treatment program following a natural disaster.

A newly forming model treatment program for seriously mentally ill adults was dramatically affected by a natural disaster in September 1989. Hurricane Hugo rendered the offices of the Assertive Community Treatment Program uninhabitable, its vehicles marginally driveable, and its resources virtually nonexistent. In the three months following the storm, however, not a single psychiatric rehospitalization took place. Although the authors cannot claim that the program model was solely responsible for this outcome, this paper illustrates the service system elements that contributed to the program's effectiveness in the wake of one of the nation's most severe natural disasters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Disaster epidemiology and disease monitoring.

Better epidemiologic knowledge of the mechanisms of death and of the types of injuries and illnesses caused by disasters is clearly essential to determining the appropriate relief medications, supplies, equipment, and personnel needed to effectively respond to such emergencies. The overall objective of disaster epidemiology is to measure scientifically and describe the health effects of disasters and the factors contributing to these effects. The results of such investigations allow disaster epidemiologists to assess the needs of disaster-affected populations, efficiently match resources to needs, prevent further adverse health effects, evaluate relief effectiveness, and plan for future disasters.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1995

Synchronous and asynchronous telemedicine.

This paper outlines the differences between telemedicine applications in terms of their synchronous or asynchronous nature. The differences in the demands of these two forms of telemedicine are significant and should be considered in the development of any telemedicine system. It is the asynchronous applications that are most likely to provide real change in the practice of medicine.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Oklahoma City: disaster challenges mental health and medical administrators.

Mental health and medical administrators responded to the Oklahoma City bombing with cooperative and overlapping efforts to meet community needs in the wake of terrorism. The major agencies assisted in the immediate rescue response, organized crisis hotlines, prepared mental health professionals to counsel bereaved families and victims, organized debriefing of rescuers, assessed mental health needs of local school children, planned for longer term treatment, and coordinated research efforts to learn from the disaster. Implications to mental health administrators responding to significant acts of terrorism are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

In search of altruistic community: patterns of social support mobilization following Hurricane Hugo.

Twelve months after Hurricane Hugo, 1,000 disaster victims and nonvictims were asked about social support they exchanged following the hurricane. Victims of disaster received and provided very high levels of tangible, informational, and emotional support. Disaster exposure (loss and harm) was a strong predictor of help received and a modest predictor of help provided. However, postdisaster help was not distributed equally and disaster exposure was more strongly related to social support in some groups than in others. Race, education, and age most consistently moderated the impact of disaster exposure on receipt of postdisaster support. Blacks and less educated victims received less help than similarly affected victims who were white or more educated. Relative disadvantage of being old in receiving support was not the case for those elderly disaster victims who experienced threats to their lives or health. Some subgroups of victims were relied upon disproportionately for providing assistance. Implications for social support research are addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Analysis of the incidence and causes of mass casualty events in a southern Germany medical rescue area].

UNLABELLED: The growing number of mass casualty events during the early 1990s led, in January 1996, to the foundation of an honorary group of specially trained emergency physicians for dealing primarily with the management of large-scale emergency events and mass casualties. The incidence and quantity of these casualties was analysed in order to be better prepared for such events in the future. METHODS: All calls prospectively registered by the Augsburg Rescue Co-ordination Centre (ARCC) in the 5 years from July 1997 to June 2002 were analysed, distinguishing between the different types of damage, number of patients involved, and time of occurrence (time of day/season). The area served by the ARCC includes the city of Augsburg with its surrounding counties. An estimated 850,000 inhabitants live in this area of 4,100 square kilometers (1,600 square miles). Since 1998, more than 145,000 calls a year have been dealt with of which 28,000 were covered by emergency physicians. In the 5 year period discussed here, 75 large-scale-calls were registered, giving an average incidence of 1.25 calls/month. Most of the calls were fire alarms, followed by car accidents. In total, we were able to serve more than 800 patients. The lowest number per event was two people during an emergency landing of a sport aircraft; the largest number was about 150 patients during a large open-air event in the city. While there was no difference in the time of day at which the event happened, most occurred in November and December. Taking these results into account, the authors, supported by the members of the emergency physician team of the German Trauma Society, developed an algorithm describing the optimal procedure for mass casualty events. This is presented here. In mass casualty or large-scale emergency events, an experienced emergency physician is necessary to co-ordinate the rescue brigades on site.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

[Great damage event of the Dutch Enschede on May 13th, 2000].

The mass casualty of injured confronts the rescue service with a special challenge again and again. An immediate need arises besides the emergency medical help for the coordination of use strengths moving up differently than at the individual emergency. Executives of the rescue service in Germany are leading emergency doctor and organizational leader. If the damage event takes place, however, outside the country borders or country general, then one feels compared with a situation which offers next to sizes in addition unknown to a great damage situation of the country by different use of tactics. It is interesting from this aspect to look at the great damage event of the Dutch Enschede on May 13th, 2000 and to examine the accident expiry by different points of view.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2001

Recovery after carpal tunnel syndrome operation: the influence of the opposite hand, if operated on in the same session.

In a clinical, retrospectively randomised study, we compared the results of the operation for a carpal tunnel syndrome when one side only or both sides were simultaneously assessed in one session. Of the 125 patients examined, 47.2% had both hands operated on in one session, 52.8% had only one hand operated on in one session or both hands in two sessions. We found the bilateral simultaneous operation to be associated with better results concerning earlier return to work, earlier relief of symptoms and better patient satisfaction than the operation on one side only. These are explained by the necessity of using both hands for daily activities and thus a guaranteed functional follow-up treatment after the bilateral operation. In conclusion, we propose operating on both hands simultaneously whenever possible, even if the opposite hand presents with only a slight CTS, which would otherwise not be considered for operation yet.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗