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Bibliographic landmarks in the history of dermatology.

The current advancements in our understanding of cutaneous diseases should not obscure our appreciation for the past and the achievements of the founders of dermatology. Their observations, ideas, discoveries, and writings shaped the development of the specialty, influence daily practices today, and serve as the foundation for future research endeavors. This article reviews the history of outstanding contributions that were preserved in enduring landmark works on which the whole knowledge of skin diseases rests. From the earliest books written with meager prior information to the impressive 19th century texts and atlases providing significant advances, these volumes marked and recorded defining moments in the evolution of dermatology.

Bibliometrics↗

[The history of the book, "The family horse doctor, or the art of healing one's own horse," by Francis Clater].

Francis CLATER presumably was born in 1754 near Nottingham. He became farrier after years of apprenticeships at Newark and Retford. In 1783 the first edition of his book "Every man his own farrier" was published. Within 50 years at least 30 editions were printed. This book was translated by PRETOT into French (1822), by S. von TENNECKER (1823) and by LENTIN (1834) into German and by TURNE (1838) into Russian language. Contents of some editions are compared and valued.

Animals↗

"The Merck Index": the merits of using computers in publishing.

"The Merck Index", an internationally recognized encyclopedia of drugs, chemicals, and biologicals was produced by the traditional method for eight consecutive editions. Owing to the rapidly increasing volume of information and escalating costs of book production, it became desirable to design a computer-assisted production method for preparation of the recently published ninth edition. The method that was developed and used as well as the philosophy behind its use are described.

Computers↗

Medical collections in public libraries of the United States: a brief historical study.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it was not unusual for a public library in the United States to include a collection of medical books among its resources. The origin and development of these collections, the growth of the movement, and the factors which contributed to the eventual withdrawal of these collections from the public library are recounted here.

History, 19th Century↗

Dusting off old books: comments on classic gynecologic pathology books of yesteryear.

Selected outstanding books from the older literature on gynecological pathology are reviewed with emphasis on drawing attention to the abundant helpful information and outstanding illustrations that are worthy of review by present-day pathologists. The first three works are Cancer of the Uterus, Myomata of the Uterus, and Adenomyoma of the Uterus by Thomas S. Cullen. The senior author of the second book is Howard A. Kelly even though he did not have any role in the preparation of the text; he was given senior authorship by Dr. Cullen as a token of appreciation to his mentor. The next book, Fibroids and Allied Tumors by Cuthbert Lockyer, is particularly noteworthy for the quality of the numerous color illustrations. The final book on the uterus is The Cervix Uteri and Its Diseases by C. Frederic Fluhmann. It provides detailed coverage of the normal and pathologic aspects of the cervix, including the endocervical clefts (glands) and their abnormalities. The next three books are on the ovary: Ovarian Tumors by Samuel H. Geist, Atlas of Ovarian Tumors by Gemma Barzilai, and Endocrine Pathology of the Ovary by John McLean Morris and Robert E. Scully. The first is notable for the quality of the coverage of clinical and gross aspects of ovarian tumors and the second for the quality of the description of the microscopic features. The third book expanded the range of functioning ovarian tumors by showing that this could be a feature of tumors not usually considered hormonally active and also discussed in detail the endocrine function of non-neoplastic lesions. The final two books cover general gynecological pathology: Manual of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Pathology by John H. Teacher and Gynecological and Obstetrical Pathology by Emil Novak. Both have particularly outstanding coverage of normal histology and non-neoplastic lesions.

Female↗

Dental writings in a medical self-help book of 1650.

Only one copy exists of the very first medical self-help book written in the Yiddish language. The author, a well respected. barber-surgeon in Prague, states that he wrote the book for those too poor to consult a physician. Physicians were not as knowledgable or experienced as the barber-surgeons who were the principal providers of medical care for the masses. The book follows the format of discussing illnesses from head to toe, and includes numerous prescriptions for toothache, loose teeth, foul mouth and sore tongue. We derive an interesting picture of what dental treatment was like in the mid-seventeenth century.

Barber Surgeons↗

Ibn Sina (Avicenna). Historical note.

Ibn Sina (often known by his last name in Latin, Avicenna; 980-1037 A.D.) was the most famous physician and philosopher of his time. His Canon of Medicine, one of the most famous books in the history of medicine, surveyed the entire medical knowledge available from ancient and Muslim sources and provided his own contributions. In this article the authors present a unique picture of the neurosurgical technique of Ibn Sina and briefly summarize his life and work.

History, Medieval↗

[Technical proofreading of nursing diagnosis books: perceptions of nurses from the south of Brazil].

The present study is a report of an experience of nurses from the South of Brazil as technical proofreaders of books about nursing diagnosis. It aims at contributing with colleagues who might do similar task arousing some aspects for discussion. The development of nursing diagnosis in Brazil is presented. The main steps of a translated book production are identified and the attributions of technical proofreaders are cited. The positive aspects and the difficulties found in this activity are commented. Alternatives are given in order to maintain the final quality of the work and to enlarge the availability of specialized texts as faithful to the original as possible.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Mapping the literature of medical-surgical nursing.

BACKGROUND: Medical-surgical or adult health nursing is a complex specialty that requires a wide-ranging literature to inform its research and practice. Several excellent qualitative aids exist for collection development for this field, but quantitative studies are few. While one bibliometric study of journals exists, no recent work had been done in this area. METHOD: The Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project protocol was used. Four source journals were selected, and a citation analysis of articles from 1996 to 1998 was conducted. RESULTS: A list of the most frequently cited journals was created, using Bradford's Law of Scattering. The list demonstrates that 1.2% of the cited medical-surgical nursing journals produced just over 33% of the citations. PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index provided the most complete indexing coverage of all of the journals, with CINAHL providing the most complete coverage of nursing journals. Books were the second-most cited format. CONCLUSIONS: Citation analysis of journal articles is a useful aid for selecting journals for medical-surgical nursing collections, but it did not prove to be as useful for selecting materials in other formats. Indexes in addition to PubMed/MEDLINE are necessary to provide access to the journal literature serving this specialty.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

Mapping the literature of pediatric nursing.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric nurses work in an interdisciplinary field and face ever-increasing demands on their time and knowledge. Selection tools for librarians serving this group are available, but only one bibliometric analysis has examined citations to aid collection development. METHOD: The "Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project" protocol was used. Three source journals were selected, and a citation analysis of articles from 1998 to 2000 was conducted. RESULTS: The frequency of journal citation was tabulated, and a list of the most frequently cited journals was created. Just over 1% of the cited journals produced 33% of the citations. PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, and Social Sciences Citation Index provided the most complete indexing coverage of all types of the journals, while CINAHL providing the most complete coverage of nursing journals. Books were the second-most frequently cited format. CONCLUSIONS: Citation analysis of journal articles from pediatric nursing journals may be helpful in selecting journals for libraries serving pediatric nurses and those who conduct pediatric nursing research. Librarians should consider adding indexes to their collection in addition to PubMed/MEDLINE to access the broad range of journals useful to this specialty.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

Use of information resources by veterinary practitioners.

Veterinary practitioners are often isolated from easy access to information in medical or hospital libraries, making necessary the use of a variety of information resources. A survey was conducted to assess the extent to which various information resources were used within the veterinary profession. Most responding veterinarians were small-animal practitioners who used the veterinary literature, colleagues, diagnostic laboratories, continuing education courses, association meetings, and pharmaceutical representatives as sources of information. Books and other practitioners were the preferred information source in critical-care situations, followed closely by diagnostic laboratories and journals. For keeping up-to-date with current advances in veterinary medicine, journals, books, other practitioners, and continuing education were used. University extension services, veterinary medical libraries, and computer applications to information use were not important resources ot most of the respondents. Many veterinarians indicated that they would use library services if they knew more about them. With the trend toward computerization in veterinary practice, it is possible for libraries to help reduce the information isolation of many veterinary practices.

Computers↗

Contents of a core library in continuing medical education: a Delphi study.

INTRODUCTION: In developing their professional competence, those who are interested in the practice of continuing medical education (CME) should recognize the knowledge base that defines their field. This study systematically identifies and organizes a list of books and journals comprising a core library (100 books/15 journals) for CME professionals. METHODS: The Delphi method was applied to elicit and combine the judgments of a fifty member panel considered knowledgeable about the CME field. The panelists participated in three iterations of the survey to first identify and then rank order nominated works. Separate ranked lists were created for books and journals. RESULTS: Forty-four participants completed the study (88% response rate). 268 books and 34 journals were identified. Mean ratings ranged from 4.78 (high) to 1.50 (low). DISCUSSION: The results of the study reflect the panel's judgment. The list is not definitive; instead, it describes what a select group of individuals knowledgeable about the CME field considered important. The list should therefore be seen as a general guide and a resource to facilitate decision-making, not as a prescription for creating a library.

Delphi Technique↗

"Please include this in your book": readers respond to Our Bodies, Ourselves.

This paper focuses on those ordinary women who responded to editions of Our Bodies, Ourselves in the 1970s and 1980s, illustrating how readers played a crucial role in the development and articulation of health feminism. By analyzing the exchange between writers and readers of the most popular and influential women's health text of this era, it reveals the process by which feminists translated and interpreted medical information about women's bodies. The personal stories of readers challenge us to consider the role of ordinary women in shaping the development of the women's health movement.

Attitude to Health↗

The operation of Bassini as described by Attilio Catterina.

The book entitled, "The Operation of Bassini" by A. Catterina made the greatest contribution to the understanding of the details and technique of the Bassini hernioplasty. The 16 colored figures are reproduced for the first time as far as can be ascertained in North America. For unknown reasons, the book was never published in North America, leaving the surgeons of North America ignorant of Bassini's intentions. Bassini's own descriptions were brief and subject to misinterpretation and his illustrations were not detailed enough. The description given by Andrews of his personal observation of Bassini operating should have, but did not, enlighten North American surgeons. The inguinal hernioplasty of the Shouldice Hospital evolved de novo but is, in fact, the modern equivalent of the Bassini procedure.

Hernia, Inguinal↗

Parenting book recommendations for commonly encountered pediatric issues.

Parenting books offer a variety of information and advice for parents on subjects they frequently encounter; however, the recommendations of books are dependent on the author and different books offer conflicting advice on the same subjects. In addition, some of the information presented is not concordant with current American Academy of Pediatrics policy statements and recent medical literature. It is important for pediatricians to be aware of the information parents are obtaining from different sources so that they can address areas where erroneous advice is potentially being given. Pediatricians will then be able to discuss discrepancies with parents and give them recommendations based on current research and recommendations.

Child↗

Adoption of innovations by specialised nurses: personal, work and organisational characteristics.

BACKGROUND: To gain insight in the factors that influence the adoption of professional information by specialised nurses, we studied the effects of individual, work and organisational characteristics on the extent to which continence nurses gained knowledge and made use of a book on nursing diagnosis and interventions for patients with urinary incontinence, which they received as a present. METHODS: Subjects were all members of the Dutch Association of Continence Nurses. Data collection took place via a postal questionnaire with closed questions. In total, 109 valid questionnaires (78%) were received back. Stepwise selected ordered logit models were estimated with reading the book and knowledge and use of five selected parts of it as dependent variables and individual, work and organisational characteristics as independent variables. RESULTS: The most important factors found to promote reading of the book and taking knowledge of the parts of it were a personal characteristic of the nurses called "information directedness" (or eagerness to acquire professional information from other sources), the presence of an "innovative atmosphere" at the department, and "relevance" of the information for daily nursing practice. The most important factors found to promote the use of the book are (again) information directedness, working at a (relatively) small department and having experience with nursing diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that nurses differ in the degree to which they are open to innovations and that information directedness might be a useful indicator of this characteristic. In addition, the degree of innovativeness of the atmosphere at the department and the relevance of the innovation for nursing practice are important factors influencing the success or failure of innovations in nursing practice.

Age Factors↗

Publishing trends in Chinese medicine and related subjects documented in WorldCat.

BACKGROUND: Chinese medicine (CM) has been the subject of increasing interest in the past 30 years, both as a discipline and in the larger context of alternative medicine. It has steadily been accepted by and integrated into the medical and health-care fields in many countries. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to gain an overview of how CM has been interpreted and presented to the world outside China and to identify emerging trends. METHODS: This study is designed to analyse the publishing trends of CM and related subjects in all languages except Chinese, ranging from books and serials to audio-visual and electronic resources found in WorldCat, the world's largest bibliographic database produced by OnLine Computer Library Center (OCLC). RESULTS: The findings showed a flourishing growth of publications in CM and related subjects beginning in the 1970s with greater coverage on acupuncture. The materials in English language constitute the major portion of total output. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Chinese medicine has steadily gained recognition in the world based on the analysis of publication records. The translation of original works and analysis of journal literature and conference proceedings on Chinese medicine merit further study.

Acupuncture↗

Il Fasciculo di Medicina of 1493: medical culture through the eyes of the artist.

THE FASCICULUS MEDICINA, printed in 1491, is considered the first illustrated medical book. The Latin essays and illustrations in this volume provide insight into the medical knowledge of Western Europe and, in the Italian edition published in 1493, glimpses into the medical culture of the late 15th century. We outline the scientific and social environments into which the Fasciculus Medicinae of 1491 was introduced and the transition that occurred with the publication of the 1493 Italian edition. The artist of the 1493 Fasciculo witnessed a paradigm shift occurring. In four woodcuts, the artist captured four themes: the relevance of knowledge-based medicine, the emergence of laboratory medicine, the Hippocratic lessons of patient observation, and the emerging revolution in anatomy.

Art↗