Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “RADIUM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) of the uterus. A survey of patients treated in the Norwegian Radium Hospital 1976-1985.

One hundred and twenty-seven patients with leiomyosarcoma (LSS) or endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) were treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital during the 10-year period 1976-1985. After a review of the histologic slides 14 of the original tumors were reclassified, three as carcinomas and in 11 cases no malignant criteria were found. Five-year survival was 67% and 39% for ESS and LSS, respectively. Malignancy grade was the most powerful prognostic criterion in patients who were considered radically treated with surgery. Patients with grade 1 and 2 tumors had a prognosis similar to patients with endometrial carcinoma in contrast to the very gloomy outlook for patients with grade 3 and 4 (5-year survival 33%). For ESS the mitotic index also influenced the outcome. Despite widespread use of chemotherapy there is no clear indication that the prognosis for patients with the more aggressive types of sarcoma has improved in the period studied.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Management of high-grade bone sarcomas over two decades: the Norwegian Radium Hospital experience.

All cases of high-grade osteosarcoma (OS) (n = 196) and Ewing's sarcoma of bone (ES) (n = 56) treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital in the period 1980-1999 were analyzed retrospectively. They were allocated to consecutive ten-year periods by their time of diagnosis. Patient and tumour characteristics have been relatively stable. Eighty percent of all patients received surgical treatment and the amputation rate decreased from 64% to 23%. The percentage of patients receiving chemotherapy has remained around 80%. The use of radiotherapy in primary treatment decreased gradually from 33% to 18%. Sarcoma specific survival (SSS) at five years for all patients increased significantly from 39% to 53%. Similar trends for improvement were seen for both OS and ES. In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors for improved SSS were non-metastatic disease at diagnosis, age under 40, extremity tumours, small tumours and treatment from 1995 onwards. No major new treatment options have emerged over these 20 years. The improved outcome appears partly to be due to refinements in the use of existing modalities and improved quality and integration of multidisciplinary approaches. Improved formalized organisation of the sarcoma group and annual audited reports of its patient and research activity may also have contributed to improved focus and performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prognosis of 2,800 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed during 1975-94 and treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer patients have a poor prognosis. In Norway, however, the prognosis has improved steadily since the 1950s, the age-adjusted 5-year relative survival reaching 37% in 1989 93. The aim of the present study was to explore the prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed during 1975-94 (the prepaclitaxel period) and treated at The Norwegian Radium Hospital. METHOD: Relative risks (RR) of dying and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived from multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: A total of 2,769 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were included in the present study. Altogether 54% of the patients were diagnosed with advanced stage disease (stages III and IV), whereas 32% were diagnosed with stage I disease. The prognosis of the patients improved from the 1970s to the 1990s, mainly due to increased short-term survival. In multivariate survival analysis, the RR of dying decreased with period of diagnosis. An RR of 0.77 (95% CI=0.66-0.89) was seen in 1990-94 compared with 1975-79. CONCLUSION: The short-term survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer improved from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. However, no major improvement in the long-term survival was seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of Burkitt's/Burkitt-like lymphoma in adolescents and adults: a 20-year experience from the Norwegian Radium Hospital with the use of three successive regimens.

BACKGROUND: Burkitt's/Burkitt-like lymphoma (BL/BLL) are highly aggressive lymphomas mainly affecting children and young adults. We report the results in adolescent and adult patients with the use of three successive regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients aged 15-70 years admitted to the Norwegian Radium Hospital in the period 1982-2001 with a diagnosis of BL/BLL on histological review and who were given chemotherapy with curative intent are included in this analysis. Up to 1987 patients were given doxorubicin-based chemotherapy supplemented with intravenous and intrathecal methotrexate (MmCHOP). From 1987 to 1994, patients who obtained complete remission upon this regimen were consolidated with high-dose therapy with stem-cell support (MmCHOP + HDT). In 1995 we introduced as frontline therapy the German Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) regimen. RESULTS: By intention to treat analyses, the progression-free survival rates for patients who received MmCHOP (n=13), MmCHOP + HDT (n=17) or BFM therapy (n=19) are 30.8%, 70.6% and 73.7%, respectively. In the groups of patients who received either the BFM regimen or MmCHOP + HDT, all patients who obtained complete remission upon induction therapy are continuously disease free. There was no treatment-related death. CONCLUSIONS: BL/BLL in adolescents and adults can successfully be treated with 5-day blocks of intensified chemotherapy such as the BFM regimen or CHOP/methotrexate-based chemotherapy consolidated with high-dose therapy. Using the BFM regimen, continuous remissions are obtained without additional myeloablative chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A prospective study of hepatocellular function after repeated exposures to halothane or enflurane in women undergoing radium therapy for cervical cancer.

Ninety-nine Black females receiving radium therapy for carcinoma of the cervix uteri under either halothane (50 patients) or enflurane (49 patients) anaesthesia were studied. Thirty-six received a second and 13 a third exposure to halothane or enflurane. There were no significant changes from the control values in the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (s.g.o.t.), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT), lactic dehydrogenase (SLD), alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and proteins. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) decreased significantly during the first exposure to enflurane (P less than 0.01). This trend was reversed with subsequent anaesthetics in both the halothane and enflurane groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cancer mortality after nasopharyngeal radium irradiation in the Netherlands: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal radium irradiation (NRI) was used widely from 1940 through 1970 to treat otitis serosa in children and barotrauma in airmen and submariners. We assessed whether NRI-exposed individuals were at higher risk for cancer-related deaths than were nonexposed individuals. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all-cause and cancer-related mortality in 5358 NRI-exposed subjects and in 5265 frequency-matched nonexposed subjects, who as children were treated at nine ear, nose, and throat clinics in The Netherlands from 1945 through 1981. We recorded personal and medical data from original patient medical records and assessed vital status through follow-up at municipal population registries. Risk of mortality was evaluated by standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: The average radiation doses were 275, 10.9, 1.8, and 1.5 cGy for the nasopharynx, pituitary, brain, and thyroid, respectively. The median follow-up was 31.6 years. Three hundred two NRI-exposed subjects had died, with 269.2 deaths expected (SMR = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.3); among nonexposed subjects, 315 died, with 283.5 deaths expected (SMR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.2). Cancer-related deaths of 96 exposed subjects (SMR = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.4) and 87 nonexposed subjects (SMR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.8 to 1.3) were documented. There were no excess deaths from cancers of the head and neck area among exposed subjects. However, there were excess deaths from cancers of lymphoproliferative and hematopoietic origin (SMR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.0), mainly from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0 to 5.3). We found no evidence that breast cancer deaths were less than expected (SMR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.9 to 2.8) in contrast to an earlier study. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not indicate an increased cancer mortality risk in a population exposed to NRI in childhood. More prolonged follow-up of this and other NRI cohorts is recommended.

Barotrauma↗
PubMed1991

Haemangiopericytoma--Queensland Radium Institute experience and a review of the literature.

We report the presenting clinical characteristics, management, relapse patterns and survival of 17 patients with haemangiopericytoma treated at the Queensland Radium Institute, Australia from 1962 to 1989. Twelve patients were referred at the time of first diagnosis and were treated with curative intent. Three patients were treated with palliative intent when referred following initial diagnosis, and the remaining two patients were referred at the time of relapse. Disease was metastatic at presentation in 4 patients. Radiotherapy was used as a component of primary treatment of disease in 11 patients, in both patients referred for management of local relapse of haemangiopericytoma, and for palliation of metastatic disease developing in 3 patients. One patient received chemotherapy as part of initial treatment. Nine patients have died with survival from first treatment ranging from 3 to 139 months. All 8 surviving patients remain free of disease at 6 to 94 months from first treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Olfactory neuroblastoma--management of a rare tumour at the Queensland Radium Institute and literature review.

Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) is an extremely rare tumour arising from the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity close to the cribriform plate. Most institutions will have little experience in recognising the clinical and histological features, or management of this tumour and reliance is placed on researching the literature when the individual patient presents. This study reviews seven patients with olfactory neuroblastoma treated at the Queensland Radium Institute from 1971 to January 1990. The overall local control rate in this series is 57% (four of seven patients) and 43% of patients (three of seven) remain alive. Conservative surgery and post-operative radiotherapy is recommended for early disease and more radical surgery with post-operative radiotherapy for advanced disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of B-mode ultrasound as a means of improving radium dosimetry in the treatment of gynecologic cancer.

The radiation dose to the base of the bladder and anterior rectal wall during radium applications for gynecologic cancer is a function of the distances between the source and the bladder and rectum. Precise measurement of these distances depends on a number of factors and cannot be obtained with current radiographic localization techniques. B-mode ultrasound is useful as a means of supplementing available information. While it is not necessarily more accurate than standard radiographs, it offers a three-dimensional appreciation of pelvic anatomy and does appear to be more accurate than transverse axial tomography.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Mortality after nasopharyngeal radium irradiation for eustachian tube dysfunction.

Cause-specific mortality of 2,510 persons treated before 1965 by nasopharyngeal radium irradiation (average exposure, 1,200 mg/min), followed to 1985, was compared to that of 2,199 nonexposed comparison subjects. No excess was found for the exposed group in overall mortality, cancer mortality, or in mortality of cancer of specific sites. A marginal excess (p = .07) of malignancies of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system was noted in exposed males only. Only one brain cancer (0.2 per 10(4) person-years) was identified in the exposed group, and two (10.3 per 10(4) person-years) in the nonexposed group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A follow-up study of childhood nasopharyngeal radium irradiation in Washington County, Maryland.

In 1978 an epidemiologic study exploring the health consequences of nasopharyngeal radium irradiation among individuals treated for adenoid enlargement in Washington County, Maryland, found an excess risk of brain tumors and a deficit of female breast cancers. The study population included all persons first seen at the Washington County Clinic for the Prevention of Deafness in Children from 1940 to January 1, 1960. We will continue the follow-up of irradiated and nonirradiated patients to (1) assess the risk of brain tumors and other neoplasms of the head and neck developing during a 40-year period, (2) assess hormone-related disorders resulting from irradiation of the pituitary gland, and (3) compare cancer incidence and mortality rates among exposed and nonexposed groups. Of the 2135 persons eligible for this study, 93.5% have been traced, and 90% have replied to a mailed questionnaire that elicits information on demographic characteristics, reproductive and medical history, infertility, and other sources of radiation exposure. Information on cancer incidence and mortality is being obtained from the Washington County Cancer Registry and death certificate files from Washington County and the Social Security Administration. Statistical methods to be used in the data analysis include standardized mortality ratios, standardized cancer incidence ratios, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. A report of 24 cases from the Norwegian Radium Hospital.

Between 1975 and 1987, 24 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma were seen and treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. The overall median survival was 24 months. Patients with poor performance status (WHO 3-4) had a median survival of 3 months whereas patients with good performance status (WHO 0-2) had a median survival of 40 months (p < 0.0001). Patients who were not steroid-dependent after operation had a better survival than those patients who were steroid-dependent (p = 0.02). Nine patients were still living without evidence of disease at last follow-up, 18-130 months after the initial treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Telepathology at the Norwegian Radium Hospital].

BACKGROUND: The article gives an overview of the telepathology activity at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from the service was launched in 1994 and up until today. We show the development during these years and discuss telepathology in general terms. We also discuss those aspects that determine how well a telepathology service functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 74 frozen section slides were diagnosed by two different telepathology systems. One of these systems was used for examining its appropriateness as a tool for second opinion in pathology. A new Internet-based system was developed that provided additional functionality. RESULTS: A telepathology system with a digital camera outperforms one with an analog camera with respect to diagnostic accuracy. INTERPRETATION: Image quality determines the precision of a telepathology service. Telepathology is a feasible tool for second opinion in pathology.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2002

[Bone and soft tissue sarcomas treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital 1980-99].

BACKGROUND: The Norwegian Radium Hospital's sarcoma group is a multidisciplinary group with a leading role in the diagnosis and treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1980 through 1999, 1,355 patients with soft tissue sarcoma and 458 patients with bone sarcoma were treated. In a retrospective analysis of trends over time, patients were allocated to consecutive five-year periods. RESULTS: Patient characteristics were relatively stable, but there was an increasing proportion of soft tissue sarcomas being referred without prior surgery. Treatment principles have remained unchanged, with surgery with or without radiotherapy dominating in soft tissue sarcoma and surgery with or without chemotherapy in bone sarcoma. The amputation rate for bone sarcoma has fallen from 78% to 17%, and survival has increased significantly for both soft tissue and bone sarcoma patients. INTERPRETATION: The results indicate significant improvements in the quality of treatment of soft tissue and bone sarcoma. More resources for treatment and organizational development of a multidisciplinary group may contribute to improved quality of care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Functional results obtained by radium contact irradiation of the glottic carcinoma].

45 patients having been treated with radium contact irradiation on account of a glottic carcinoma were continually checked up with a view to ascertaining the functional results obtained. By means of indirect and direct laryngoscopy as well as by stroboscopy vocal organ and vocal quality were tested for a period of few days up to 3 years 6 months. The findings were systematically compiled in a schedule, analized and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cancer of the penis. Experience at the Norwegian Radium Hospital 1974-1985.

The cancer-related 5-year survival was 80% in 79 patients with penile cancer treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 1974 to 1985 (N0 = 61, N1-2 = 12, N3 = 6). Sentinel node biopsy (SLN) of the inguinal lymph nodes medial to the saphenous vein helps to identify patients with early regional spread. The survival for these N+ patients is favourable if radical lymph node dissection is performed immediately. A tumour-negative SLN biopsy does, however, not exclude the subsequent development of inguinal lymph node metastases. These were found equally often during follow-up in patients with or without primary performance of SLN biopsy. Five of 6 patients, relapsing with groin metastases, were cured by secondary lymph node dissection. Most of the small primary tumours (T1/T2) can be treated radically by primary radiotherapy, but frequent follow-up is necessary to detect surgically curable penile recurrences (3 of 11 patients). Combination treatment of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery represents a good palliation treatment in advanced cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Use of 42 MeV betatron bremsstrahlung irradiation in the therapy combined with radium in carcinoma of the cervix.

The article deals with the therapy of cancer of the cervix with external 42 MeV betatron bremsstrahlung irradiation in combination with intracavitary applicated radium. The described irradiation technique using special shielding blocks extends the dose distribution till to the region of paraaortic nodes in an extended field. The extended irradiation field is used on the basis of lymphographic examination. In the region of pelvis minor, sufficiently uniform dose distribution is attained with lethal tumor effect. The dose variability with betatron or cobalt external irradiation was also studied.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1977

[Radium treatment of primary vaginal carcinoma (author's transl)].

Between 1951 and 1970, 263 cases with primary carcinoma of the vagina were observed at the Irradiation-Department of the Ist University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vienna. As method of choice the individual, fractioned and protracted Radium-Röntgen-Telekoalt-therapy is recommended. Of the 263 primary vaginal carcinomas 112 (42,5%) were cured. During the time mentioned in this report, we did not have any primary mortality; 24 women, however, could only be subjected to a palliative therapy, 20 patients died from an intercurrent disease and 20 women succumbed to a second carcinoma. Conclusively, the authors present a survey about the results in vaginal carcinoma.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗