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PubMed1995

Development and validation of the Curtin Back Screening Questionnaire (CBSQ): a discriminative disability measure.

Disability accompanying occupational low back pain (LBP) can include a wide range of incapacitating symptoms which, for the practitioner, can be time-consuming and difficult to identify systematically. A questionnaire designed for case-finding and assessment could assist in both the early recognition of disability and in planning management. A suitable questionnaire for clinical use could not be found in the literature. The Curtin Back Screening Questionnaire (CBSQ) was developed, therefore, as a discriminative screening instrument to serve this purpose. The methods and results of the development and validation of the CBSQ are presented herein. Development of the questionnaire followed the principles of Kirschner and Guyatt (1985) employing data from 74 subjects with at least moderately severe work-related LBP. The research design for the validation was multiple-group repeated-measures with a study population of 150 subjects. The screening function of the questionnaire was developed through selecting 8 questions from the whole questionnaire using regression analysis. The questionnaire includes 79 items based on the subjects' perceived health status. The response structure of the CBSQ has been adapted from that of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and some items in the CBSQ have been developed from items in the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and GHQ. The questionnaire discriminates effectively between subjects with different degrees of disability, it correlates quite well with the SIP, test-retest reliability for the whole questionnaire is 0.98, the receiver-operating characteristics are more favourable than those for the SIP, and the CBSQ screening score provides an index of severity which correlates with work incapacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Questionnaires to assess urinary and anal incontinence: review and recommendations.

PURPOSE: We reviewed and provide recommendations about the most scientifically robust and appropriate questionnaires for evaluating symptoms and the quality of life impact of urinary and/or anal incontinence, and vaginal and pelvic floor problems. We also investigated the use of these questionnaires in randomized, controlled trials of treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Symptom and Quality of Life Committee of the International Consultation on Incontinence performed a systematic review of questionnaires related to urinary and anal incontinence, and vaginal and pelvic floor problems, searching MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and other electronic databases between 2001 and 2004. RESULTS: A total of 23 robust and relevant questionnaires could be recommended in clinical practice and research. The development of questionnaires to assess anal incontinence, and pelvic floor and vaginal problems has been limited with some promising measures but with none achieving the highest level of rigor. From 2001 to 2004 there were 150 published randomized trials of treatments for incontinence. Increasingly trials of incontinence are using recommended measures (38% of those for urinary incontinence and 22% of those for anal incontinence used the highest quality questionnaires in 2001 to 2004) but none of vaginal and pelvic floor problems used recommended questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: With increasing acknowledgment of the value of patient based assessment much attention has been given to the development of questionnaires to assess symptoms and quality of life. Sufficient measures are now available for urinary incontinence, and researchers and clinicians are encouraged to use the 18 achieving the highest level of rigor and their validated translations. In contrast, the development of questionnaires for anal incontinence and pelvic/vaginal problems is in its infancy and further study in this area is needed. Randomized trials of treatments for incontinence should use only questionnaires achieving the highest level of scientific rigor.

Fecal Incontinence↗
PubMed2005

Development and validation of a French obesity-specific quality of life questionnaire: Quality of Life, Obesity and Dietetics (QOLOD) rating scale.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a new health related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire specific to obesity and its management. METHODS: This study was in two parts. The first (Study 1) consisted of the creation of a new tool derived from the American "Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire" (IWQOL, 74 items) by adding to it a 17 items specific complementary module. This initial questionnaire (91 items) was reduced so as to obtain a questionnaire adapted to socio-cultural factors of obesity and dietary weight management in France. The objective of the second (Study 2) was to validate this final questionnaire by evaluating its psychometric properties: construction validity, internal reliability, concurrent validity in relation to a generic questionnaire, the SF-12, clinical validity by studying the effects of age, gender and body mass index (BMI), and reproducibility. RESULTS: The results of Study 1, obtained in 128 obese patients (mean age: 42.5 12.1, BMI: 34.5 2.8 kg/m2, women: 83.6%) enabled reduction of the 91 questionnaire items to 36, grouped into 5 dimensions: physical impact, psycho-social impact, sex life, comfort with food and diet experience. Two hundred and twelve patients (mean age: 43.3 12.2, BMI: 35.8 7.4 kg/m2, women: 77.7%) were included in Study 2, among whom 75 filled out the questionnaire twice at a one week interval. Analyses enabled verification of the construction validity and internal reliability (Cronbach alpha > 0.7) of the questionnaire as well as its concurrent validity in relation to summarized SF-12 scores and its clinical validity. The "physical impact" dimension was significantly influenced by BMI and age, the dimensions "sex life" and "diet experience" by the factors gender and BMI, while "psycho-social impact" was influenced by the 3 factors cited. Its reproducibility was also deemed satisfactory (intra-class correlation coefficient > 0.8). CONCLUSION: This new questionnaire, called the "Echelle Qualité de Vie, Obésité et Diététique (EQVOD)"/"Quality of Life, Obesity and Dietetics (QOLOD)" rating scale is sufficiently reliable and reproducible to be used in clinical practice. It is a simple tool adapted to socio-cultural factors of obesity in France, enabling taking into account of the effects of dietary management on the HRQOL of obese people.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

The use of dental anxiety questionnaires: a survey of a group of UK dental practitioners.

AIM: To determine the frequency of use of dental anxiety assessment questionnaires and factors associated with their use in a group of UK dental practitioners. METHOD: A postal questionnaire to all 328 dentists whose names appear in the British Society for Behavioural Sciences in Dentistry Directory. Information collected for each practitioner included gender, year of qualification, type of practice in which anxious dental patients were treated, treatment used to manage anxious dental patients, type and frequency of use of dental anxiety assessment indices. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned from 275 (84%) practitioners. 269 were analyzed. Only 54 practitioners (20%) used adult dental anxiety assessment questionnaires and only 46 (17%) used child dental anxiety assessment questionnaires. Male practitioners were more likely to report questionnaire use in comparison with females (P< 0.05), when treating dentally anxious adults (26% v 14%). In addition, practitioners providing intravenous sedation were more likely to use an adult dental anxiety questionnaire (P < 0.04) than those who did not use intravenous sedation (29% v 15%). The type of treatment provided had a significant association with the use of child dental anxiety. Those providing general anaesthesia (P = 0.03) and hypnosis (P = 0.01) for dentally anxious children were more inclined to use a questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The use of pre-treatment dental anxiety assessment questionnaires was low in this group of dentists. Male practitioners and those providing intravenous sedation, general anaesthesia or hypnosis seem more likely to use dental anxiety assessment questionnaires.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Comparative study of two Japanese rhinoconjunctivitis quality-of-life questionnaires.

CONCLUSION: Two questionnaires were used to assess quality of life (QOL) in allergic rhinitis: the Japanese translation of the Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQJ) and an original Japanese QOL questionnaire (JRQLQ). Either questionnaire may be used to assess QOL depending on differences in target domains. OBJECTIVES: Although pollinosis is a common disease which has a major impact on patient QOL, no internationally standardized questionnaire has been available in Japan until now. The aim of this study was to compare two currently available QOL questionnaires for allergic rhinitis in Japan-the RQLQJ and JRQLQ-in terms of their appropriateness for clinical use and their psychometric properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter, inter-group, cross-sectional study was conducted in 187 adult symptomatic patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis in 2003. Patient scores on the two questionnaires were compared in terms of both overall and comparable domains. We also examined the acceptability, construct and reliability of both questionnaires. RESULTS: The questionnaires were highly correlated in terms of both overall and comparable domain scores. In addition, both questionnaires had equal and satisfactory psychometric validity, demonstrating that they are both useful tools for assessing QOL in rhinitis. However, when compared with each other, the JRQLQ focuses mainly on activities of daily life and is simpler, while the RQLQJ focuses mainly on rhinitis-related health and is more responsive.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Can findings from postal questionnaires be combined with interview results to improve the response rate among ethnic minority populations?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To maximise the response rate in a community survey among ethnic minorities by combining postal questionnaires and interviews and to evaluate the validity of combining results from these different methods. DESIGN: A cross-sectional community survey of a local population using postal questionnaires with interview questionnaires for non-respondents. Postal questionnaires were in English and interview questionnaires were prepared in South Asian languages. A sub-sample completed both postal and interview questionnaires. SETTING: Two general practices in Tameside, Greater Manchester, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Questionnaires were mailed to 1,267 people. People were included if they defined their ethnicity as Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or a combination of these. Fifty-five people who returned postal questionnaires were also interviewed. MAIN RESULTS: Overall response rate was 75%. Comparison of questionnaire and interview responses produced values of kappa ranging from marginally below zero to one. Equivalence was greater with a shorter time between postal completion and interview and where questions were more objective. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to achieve a good response rate for an epidemiological study among ethnic minorities by using both postal questionnaires and interviews. Care should be taken when results from these two methods are combined, since equivalence is uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Reliability of postal questionnaires for the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

The purpose of the study was to investigate if a questionnaire sent by mail can give a reliable assessment of outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. A questionnaire was developed for the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and a second questionnaire for the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE). The questionnaires were self-contained and designed to be completed by either a head-injured person or a proxy. The questionnaires were studied in two ways: each questionnaire was administered twice (at an interval of approximately 2 weeks), and ratings from the postal questionnaires were compared to ratings from a structured interview conducted by telephone. The four studies were carried out in separate groups of head-injured participants consisting of 32-38 individuals. For the test-retest comparison, k(w) (quadratic weights) was 0.94 for the GOS questionnaire and 0.98 for the GOSE questionnaire. For the comparison with the telephone interview, k(w) was 0.67 for the GOS and 0.92 for the GOSE. The values of k(w) indicate good agreement for all comparisons. We conclude that it is possible to obtain reliable outcome data after head injury using postal questionnaires.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Relative validity and reproducibility of a food frequency dietary questionnaire for use in the Italian EPIC centres.

A pilot questionnaire was developed for the EPIC centres of northern Italy, and validated in the feasibility part of the cohort project. The questionnaire was self-administered and of the food frequency type with portion size estimated by means of pictures. It was structured by courses within a meal characteristic of Italian dietary habits. Dietary intake estimated by the questionnaire was compared to the corresponding estimates obtained from 8-14 24-hour recall interviews administered over a 1-year period. The reference method was validated by means of urinary nitrogen in 4-6 repeated 24-hour urine collections. One hundred and ninety-seven volunteers (47 men and 150 women) were enrolled and completed the study lasting 1 year. They filled out two questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the study, and had a 24-hour recall interview once a month. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected at regular intervals. Usual intake of energy, the major nutrients and some vitamins were estimated for the questionnaires and the reference method by means of food composition tables compiled for this study. The agreement between the questionnaire and the 24-hour recalls was only good for alcohol consumption: Pearson's correlation was 0.73 and 0.77 in men and women respectively. Otherwise the relative validity of the questionnaire ranged between 0.28 for fat to 0.52 for carbohydrates in men and 0.25 and 0.50 in women for the same nutrients. The validity of the two interview methods in estimating protein intake, compared to mean urinary nitrogen was 0.24 (M) and 0.18 (W) for the questionnaire and 0.63 (M) and 0.48 (W) for 24-hour recalls. The main causes of low performance of the questionnaire were identified to be the estimated intake of dressing and cooking fats, vegetables and meat. Remedies were devised and introduced in the final version of the questionnaire currently in use in the EPIC project.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2001

The Work Limitations Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to develop a psychometrically sound questionnaire for measuring the on-the-job impact of chronic health problems and/or treatment ("work limitations"). RESEARCH DESIGN: Three pilot studies (focus groups, cognitive interviews, and an alternate forms test) generated candidate items, dimensions, and response scales. Two field trials tested the psychometric performance of the questionnaire (studies 1 and 2). To test recall error, study 1 subjects were randomly assigned to 2 different questionnaire groups, a questionnaire with a 4-week reporting period completed once or a 2-week version completed twice. Responses were compared with data from concurrent work limitation diaries (the gold standard). To test construct validity, we compared questionnaire scores of patients with those of healthy job-matched control subjects. Study 2 was a cross-sectional mail survey testing scale reliability and construct validity. SUBJECTS: The study subjects were employed individuals (18-64 years of age) from several chronic condition groups (study 1, n = 48; study 2, n = 121) and, in study 1, 17 healthy matched control subjects. MEASURES: Study 1 included the assigned questionnaires and weekly diaries. Study 2 included the new questionnaire, SF-36, and work productivity loss items. RESULTS: In study 1, questionnaire responses were consistent with diary data but were most highly correlated with the most recent week. Patients had significantly higher (worse) limitation scores than control subjects. In study 2, 4 scales from a 25-item questionnaire achieved Cronbach alphas of > or = 0.90 and correlated with health status and self-reported work productivity in the hypothesized manner (P < or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: With 25 items, 4 dimensions (limitations handling time, physical, mental-interpersonal, and output demands), and a 2-week reporting period, the Work Limitations Questionnaire demonstrated high reliability and validity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Repeatability and relative validity of two physical activity questionnaires in elderly women.

In a population of 33 women aged 51-71 yr, two physical activity questionnaires (a modified Baecke questionnaire and the pre-EPIC questionnaire) were tested for repeatability (5 and 11 months). For assessment of relative validity, the questionnaires were compared with a physical activity diary (12 d) as the main reference method, a single 24-h Caltrac accelerometer score, and energy intake estimated from a 24-h dietary recall repeated 12 times. Repeatability of the questionnaires at 5 months was 0.82 (Baecke) and 0.42 (pre-EPIC), at 11 months 0.73 and 0.60, respectively. Correlation with the activity diary was 0.51 for the Baecke and 0.64 for the pre-EPIC questionnaire. Correlation with the Caltrac was 0.22 for both questionnaires, and with energy intake -0.21 and 0.43, respectively. Factor analysis suggested that the questionnaires and the diary measured a common aspect of activity, which could be interpreted as "reported normal physical activity." Women who reported sweating or breathlessness during the past week scored significantly higher only on the Baecke questionnaire. It was concluded that the two questionnaires seemed to be able to rank older women according to physical activity in epidemiological studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Recording sexual behavior: comparison of recall questionnaires with a coital diary.

OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual behavior data obtained using a weekly-recall questionnaire, a daily-recall questionnaire, and a coital diary. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of female sex workers from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between August and October 1998. METHODS: In this study, 52 weekly-recall questionnaires, 27 daily-recall questionnaires, and 79 coital diaries for dates corresponding to the questionnaires were obtained from female sex workers. Variables examined included: number of clients, number of condoms used with clients and partners, and number and type of sexual acts with clients and partners. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the degree of agreement between the data collection methods and to assess differences between the mean values of the variables in the questionnaires versus the diary. RESULTS: Comparison of weekly-recall questionnaires with coital diaries indicated a significantly greater mean number of clients (P < 0.001), number of condoms used (P < 0.001), vaginal acts (P < 0.001), and anal acts (P = 0.044) reported in the diary versus the questionnaire. On comparison of daily-recall questionnaire with coital diary, significant differences were revealed between the means detected for the number of clients (P = 0.027), number of days worked (0.009), and anal acts with clients (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The use of coital diaries for the collection of sexual behavior data may be limited to cross-sectional community surveys. A recall questionnaire may provide more reliable and a better quality of data for longitudinal studies and for human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted disease evaluation programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Roland-Morris questionnaire for German-speaking patients with low back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-cultural adaptation and cross-sectional psychometric testing. OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a cross-cultural version of the Roland-Morris Questionnaire for use in German-speaking patients with low back pain. SUMMARY OF THE BACKGROUND DATA: Clinical research related to the management of back pain would be facilitated enormously if a small number of patient-oriented questionnaires became widely used. If the transposition of a questionnaire from its original cultural context is done by simple translation, it is unlikely to be successful because of language and cultural differences. Therefore, a simple direct translation of a questionnaire from one language to another does not permit its use in clinical trials. METHODS: The instrument was translated and back-translated, pretested, and reviewed by a committee. The German version of the Roland-Morris Questionnaire was tested in 125 patients with low back pain. The study was conducted at the spa resort at Senftenberg, Austria, which is visited by patients from all countries of German-speaking Europe. Reliability and concurrent construct validity were assessed with Pearson's correlation coefficient on the Roland-Morris Questionnaire scores compared with the scales of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability of the German version was r = 0.82 (P = 0.0001), and Cronbach's alpha was 0.81. The concurrent validity was r = 0.81 (Roland-Morris Questionnaire/pain rating; P = 0.0001), r = 0.48 (Roland-Morris Questionnaire/forward bending; P = 0.0001), and r = -0.47 (Roland-Morris Questionnaire/lateral bending; P = 0.0001). Correlation between the functional scales of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 questionnaire and the Roland-Morris Questionnaire sum scores ranged from r = -0.29 (emotional limitations; P = 0.0011) to r = -0.71 (physical limitations; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Because the German version of the Roland-Morris Questionnaire seems to be reliable and valid for the assessment of the functional status in German-speaking patients with low back pain, the use of this translated instrument can be recommended in future clinical trials.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2003

Rasch analysis of the Roland disability questionnaire.

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey using patient questionnaires was conducted. OBJECTIVE To assess whether the Roland Disability Questionnaire satisfies the Rasch model including unidimensionality and item separation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The Roland Disability Questionnaire, the most widely used patient-assessed measure of health outcome for back pain, has undergone several evaluations for its measurement properties including reliability, validity, and responsiveness. However, there is no published work relating to the underlying dimensionality of the instrument and the extent to which individual items contribute to the construct of physical disability resulting from low back pain. METHODS: Patients entering a randomized controlled trial of exercise, manipulation, and usual management for back pain completed a questionnaire that included the Roland Disability Questionnaire. The Winsteps program was used to assess whether the Roland Disability Questionnaire fits the Rasch model. Item fit was assessed using the Infit and Outfit statistics. RESULTS: The Roland Disability Questionnaire was completed by 1008 (90%) of the patients taking part in the trial. Most of the items in the Roland Disability Questionnaire contribute to a single underlying construct. However, four items had poor Outfit statistics, suggesting that they do not contribute sufficiently to the scale hierarchy. Several items positioned around the middle of the hierarchy are not sufficiently distinct in terms of difficulty. There were very few items positioned at the extremes of the hierarchy. CONCLUSIONS: The Roland Disability Questionnaire largely satisfies the Rasch model for unidimensionality. However, the instrument could be improved through the removal of poorly fitting items and the addition of items at the upper and lower points of the scale hierarchy. The distribution of Roland Disability Questionnaire scores should be carefully considered before statistical testing is undertaken. Rasch transformed scores can be used to deal with deficiencies in the scale hierarchy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of the functional rating index and the 18-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire: responsiveness and reliability.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective design. OBJECTIVES: To compare the responsiveness and test-retest reliability of the Functional Rating Index and the 18-item version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire in detecting change in disability in patients with work-related low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Many low back pain-specific disability questionnaires are available, including the Functional Rating Index and the 18-item version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. No previous study has compared the responsiveness and reliability of these questionnaires. METHODS: Files of patients who had been treated for work-related low back pain at a physical therapy clinic were reviewed, and those containing initial and follow-up Functional Rating Index and 18-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaires were selected. The responsiveness of both questionnaires was compared using two different methods. First, using the assumption that patients receiving treatment improve over time, various responsiveness coefficients were calculated. Second, using change in work status as an external criterion to identify improved and nonimproved patients, Spearman's rho and receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated. Reliability was estimated from the subset of patients who reported no change in their condition over this period and expressed with the intraclass correlation coefficient and the minimal detectable change. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-three patient files were retrieved. The responsiveness coefficients for the Functional Rating Index were greater than for the 18-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. The intraclass correlation coefficient values for both questionnaires calculated from 96 patient files were similar, but the minimal detectable change for the Functional Rating Index was less than for the 18-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The Functional Rating Index seems preferable to the 18-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for use in clinical trials and clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and further validation.

OBJECTIVES: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) is a disease-specific quality of life instrument. We translated and adapted the questionnaire and tested its reliability and (cross-cultural) validity. METHODS: We surveyed 271 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and its dimensional scores (bowel, systemic, social and emotional) were correlated with disease activity, health care use, medication and three other indices of quality of life. RESULTS: The reliability coefficient of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire was high (0.93). Patients with higher disease activity had significantly lower quality of life on all Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire dimensions (P < 0.001). Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores were significantly correlated with health care use (P < 0.01) but not with medication. Almost all Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire dimensions correlated highly (0.43-0.79, P < 0.001) with the corresponding scales of the standard quality of life indices, except for the bowel dimension. Modified Dutch Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores were consistent with Canadian Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire norms. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire as a reliable and valid measure of the quality of life of inflammatory bowel disease patients in multicultural research settings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

The Spanish version of the SRS-22 patient questionnaire for idiopathic scoliosis: transcultural adaptation and reliability analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: Validation of the transcultural adaptation of a questionnaire for measuring health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To translate and culturally adapt the SRS-22 questionnaire to Spanish. To determine the metric qualities (internal consistency and test-retest reproducibility) of this questionnaire. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The SRS-22 Patient Questionnaire has proven to be a valid instrument for clinical assessment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. The widespread use of the SRS-22 in non-English-speaking countries requires its transcultural adaptation. METHODS: Transcultural adaptation of the SRS-22 was carried out according to the International Quality of Life Assessment Project guidelines and included two translations and two back-translations of the material. A committee of experts decided on the final version. The questionnaire was administered to 175 individuals (152 women and 23 men) with idiopathic scoliosis. The mean age of the participants at the time they received the questionnaire was 18.9 years, thoracic curve magnitude was 28.8 degrees, and lumbar curve magnitude was 28.1 degrees. At this time, 85 patients had been treated surgically, 45 had been treated with orthesis, and 45 were under observation. A subgroup of 30 patients completed the questionnaire a second time 1 week later. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The overall alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.89. Coefficients for individual domains were as follows: function/activity, 0.67; pain, 0.81; mental health, 0.83; self-image, 0.73; and satisfaction, 0.78. The questionnaire as a whole had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.96. Intraclass correlation coefficients for individual domains were as follows: pain, 0.93; function, 0.82; self-image, 0.94; mental health, 0.94; and satisfaction, 0.98. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the SRS-22 Patient Questionnaire demonstrated adequate internal consistency for the majority of domains and excellent reproducibility. These results suggest that the process of adaptation has produced an instrument that is apparently equivalent to the original and suitable for clinical research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A randomized trial of four patient satisfaction questionnaires.

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction surveys are increasingly used by hospitals. Many questionnaires are available, but little evidence exists to guide the choice of the most suitable instrument. OBJECTIVE: To compare the acceptability and patient perceptions of 4 patient satisfaction questionnaires. RESEARCH DESIGN: Randomized trial of 4 satisfaction questionnaires: Picker, Patient Judgment System (PJS), Sequs, and a locally developed Lausanne questionnaire. SUBJECTS: Patients discharged from 2 Swiss teaching hospitals (n = 2850). MEASURES: Response rates, missing data, completion time, and patient ratings of the questionnaire (5-point agree-disagree scale). RESULTS: Response rates were similar across instruments (Picker: 70%, PJS: 71%, Sequs: 68%, Lausanne: 73%; P= 0.27). The Picker questionnaire had the most missing responses (mean per item: Picker: 3.1%, PJS: 1.9%, Sequs: 1.6%, Lausanne: 1.1%; P<0.001) and took the longest to complete (minutes: Picker: 19.3, PJS: 12.5, Sequs: 13.4, Lausanne: 13.1; P<0.001), but the fewest patients indicated that the questionnaire failed to address at least 1 important aspect of the hospital stay (Picker: 28.2%, PJS: 38.8%, Sequs: 39.1%, Lausanne: 28.9%; P<0.001). Patient evaluations of the questionnaires were generally similar; the most favorable assessment was chosen by approximately half of the respondents (average of 10 items: Picker: 46.5%, PJS: 46.2%, Sequs: 47.4%, Lausanne: 48.2%; P= 0.60). Key survey results differed considerably by questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: No questionnaire emerged as uniformly better than the others in terms of acceptability and patient evaluations. All 4 could be used for patient satisfaction surveys.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Development and validation of a brief, descriptive Danish pain questionnaire (BDDPQ).

BACKGROUND: A new pain questionnaire should be simple, be documented to have discriminative function, and be related to previously used questionnaires. METHODS: Word meaning was validated by using bilingual Danish medical students and asking them to translate words taken from the Danish version of the McGill pain questionnaire into English. Evaluative word value was estimated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Discriminative function was assessed by having patients with one of six painful conditions (postherpetic neuralgia, phantom limb pain, rheumatoid arthritis, ankle fracture, appendicitis, or labor pain) complete the questionnaire. RESULTS: We were not able to find Danish words that were reliably back-translated to the English words 'splitting' or 'gnawing'. A simple three-word set of evaluative terms had good separation when rated on a VAS scale ('let' 17.5+/-6.5 mm; 'moderat' 42.7+/-8.6 mm; and 'staerk' 74.9+/-9.7 mm). The questionnaire was able to discriminate among the six painful conditions with 77% accuracy by just using the descriptive words. The accuracy of the questionnaire increased to 96% with the addition of evaluative terms (for pain at rest and with activity), chronicity (acute vs. chronic), and location of the pain. CONCLUSIONS: A Danish pain questionnaire that subjects and patients can self-administer has been developed and validated relative to the words used in the English McGill Pain questionnaire. The discriminative ability of the questionnaire among some common painful conditions has been tested and documented. The questionnaire may be of use in patient care and research.

Denmark↗