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Results for “Potential pathogens”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The development in beef cattle manure of Petriedllidium boydii (Shear) Malloch, a potential pathogen for man and cattle.

Petriellidium boydii (Allescheria boydii) dominated the mycoflora of manure samples form three beef cattle feedlots after incubation at room temperature for 4 months. The possible dangers associated with this pathogenic fungus, which causes mycotic abortion in livestock, pulmonary allescheriasis in man, and mycetomas in both man and animals, are discussed. This fungus could create a health hazard in feedlots where in situ manure decompostion is encouraged.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic pain and fatigue syndromes: overlapping clinical and neuroendocrine features and potential pathogenic mechanisms.

Patients with unexplained chronic pain and/or fatigue have been described for centuries in the medical literature, although the terms used to describe these symptom complexes have changed frequently. The currently preferred terms for these syndromes are fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, names which describe the prominent clinical features of the illness without any attempt to identify the cause. This review delineates the definitions of these syndromes, and the overlapping clinical features. A hypothesis is presented to demonstrate how genetic and environmental factors may interact to cause the development of these syndromes, which we postulate are caused by central nervous system dysfunction. Various components of the central nervous system appear to be involved, including the hypothalamic pituitary axes, pain-processing pathways, and autonomic nervous system. These central nervous system changes lead to corresponding changes in immune function, which we postulate are epiphenomena rather than the cause of the illnesses.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1990

Aural irrigation with water: a potential pathogenic mechanism for inducing malignant external otitis?

We hypothesized that the forcible introduction of water containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the ear canal of a susceptible host (an elderly diabetic with cutaneous hypoperfusion secondary to microangiopathy) was the inciting factor in the development of malignant external otitis. Tap water irrigation of the ears by a physician preceded the onset of symptoms in 61.5% (8/13) of cases of malignant external otitis. Two control subjects with known diabetes mellitus were matched for each patient by sex and age. Both groups were questioned on the nature and degree of aural water exposure, as well as history of ear disease. There were no significant differences between 13 patients and 26 control subjects for presence of ear disease (hearing loss, chronic infection, prior operations), swimming, showering, bathing, frequency of ear cleaning, or method of ear cleaning (washcloth, cotton applicator). Patients with malignant external otitis had a statistically significant higher incidence of aural irrigation with tap water when compared with control subjects. We suggest that a substantial number of cases of malignant external otitis may be iatrogenic.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Fas-mediated death and sensory adaptation limit the pathogenic potential of autoreactive T cells after strong antigenic stimulation.

The ability of autoreactive T cells to induce autoimmune pathology is dependent on their ability to respond to the level of autoantigen presented in the target organ. Emerging evidence suggests that at the population level, T cell sensitivity for self can be reduced by deletion of those cells bearing high-affinity T cell receptors (TCRs) or by sensory adaptation of individual cells. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms that prevent the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cells are exposed to a strong, antigenic stimulus. Stimulation of MBP-reactive TCR transgenic T cells with a superagonist peptide led to extensive activation-induced cell death (AICD) through Fas signaling. Using T cells lacking Fas, we found that disruption of this deletional mechanism only partially increased EAE in response to superagonist, failing to restore susceptibility to the level found in response to the wild-type MBP peptide. A significant fraction of the MBP-reactive T cells was able to avoid AICD in response to superagonist, but these cells had a reduced sensitivity for an antigen that correlated with elevated levels of CD5. Therefore, when TCR affinity is fixed, autoreactive T cell sensitivity can be shifted to below a threshold for harm by a combination of AICD and sensory adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

Lactobacillus sp. isolates from mouse livers: saprophyte or potential pathogen?

Over a 3-year sampling period Lactobacillus sp. has been isolated from the livers of barrier-maintained and conventional mice. Serology has failed to detect presence of mouse hepatitis virus antibodies in any of these mice. Histopathological examination revealed only mild fatty change and small monocytic infiltrates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC): an unusual potential pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients.

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is frequently isolated from patients with late complications of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), especially in North America and Europe. However, its isolation from the central nervous system (CNS) has been seldom reported in these countries. MAC infections in AIDS patients in African and Latin American countries are believed to be uncommon. We report the isolation of MAC from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 AIDS patients out of 1723 (0.63%) seen at "Centro de Referência e Treinamento-AIDS", São Paulo and discuss the significance of its isolation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carriage of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens.

DNA-DNA hybridization, cultured cell lines, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study pathogenicity traits of 64 Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy chickens from 18 small-scale farms in Thika District, Kenya. A total of 39 (60.9%) isolates hybridized with the eae gene probe for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) whereas another 16 (25%) hybridized with the lt and st gene probes and were categorized as enterotoxigenic E. coli. Electron microscopic examination of the eae probe-positive E. coli cultures with the HT-2919A cell line confirmed that they were able to attach intimately and produced effacement typical of EPEC. In addition, negative stain electron microscopy showed that the EPEC strains produced pili that have previously been associated with increased virulence of E. coli infections in chickens. This study has also demonstrated that apparently healthy chickens may carry enteropathogenic E. coli strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Survey of peafowl (Pavo cristatus) for potential pathogens at three Michigan zoos.

Blood samples collected from 31 free-roaming peafowl from three zoos in Michigan were tested serologically. Antibody titers were present against avian adenovirus and Bordetella avium in 19.3% and 61.3% of the samples, respectively. Serum plate agglutination tests were positive for Mycoplasma meleagridis and Mycoplasma synoviae in 3.2% and 38.7% of the samples, respectively. All birds were seronegative for avian influenza, Newcastle disease virus, West Nile virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella typhimurium, and Giardia sp. No parasites were seen in blood smears. Cloacal swabs were cultured for anaerobic, aerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria. Clostridium perfringens type A and Escherichia coli were cultured most frequently from 64.5% and 29% of the samples, respectively, whereas Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. were not isolated. Fecal samples contained moderate numbers of ascarid and Capillaria sp. ova and coccidian oocysts. Female biting lice (Goniodes gigas) were identified on three birds.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2004

Occurrence of Proteocephalus tetrastomus (Rudolphi, 1810) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) in larval rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in North America: identification of a potential pathogen confirmed.

A morphological evaluation and genetic analysis (sequencing of ITS2 region of rDNA) of proteocephalidean cestodes from rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in the Saint Lawrence Estuary, Canada, has shown their conspecificity with Proteocephalus tetrastomus, a specific parasite of smelt (Osmeridae), previously known only from northern Europe, Russia, and Japan. The parasite occurs only in larval, but not adult, smelt in the Saint Lawrence Estuary. Prevalence of larval smelt infection was 42% (n = 50), mean intensity 2.1 +/- 2.4 and mean abundance 1.1 +/- 1.0.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Potential pathogenic mechanisms of periodontitis associated pregnancy complications.

During normal pregnancy, maternal hormones and locally acting cytokines play a key role in regulating the onset of labor, cervical ripening, uterine contraction, and delivery. Maternal infections during pregnancy have been demonstrated to perturb this normal cytokine and hormone-regulated gestation, sometimes resulting in preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preterm low birth weight (PLBW), i.e., < 2,500 g and < 37 weeks of gestation. Our research focus has been to determine whether periodontal infections can provide sufficient challenge to the mother to trigger PLBW. New experiments from 48 case-control subjects have measured gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of PGE(2) and IL-1-beta to determine whether mediator levels were related to current pregnancy outcome. In addition, the levels of 4 periodontal pathogens were measured by using microbe-specific DNA probes. Results indicate that GCF-PGE(2) levels are significantly higher in PLBW mothers, as compared with normal birth weight (NBW) controls (131.4 +/- 21.8 vs. 62.6 +/- 10.3 [mean +/- SE ng/mL], respectively, at P = 0.02). Furthermore, within primiparous PLBW mothers, there was a significant inverse association between birth weight (as well as gestational age) and GCF-PGE(2) levels at P = 0.023. These data suggest a dose-response relationship for increasing GCF-PGE(2) as a marker of current periodontal disease activity and decreasing birth weight. Microbial data indicate that 4 organisms associated with mature plaque and progressing periodontitis--bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola--were detected at higher levels in PLBW mothers, as compared to NBW controls. These data suggest that biochemical measures of maternal periodontal status and oral microbial burden are associated with current PLBW.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗