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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary study of the intense sympathetic discharge induced centrally after lateral ventricular administration of whole venom of Dendroaspis polylepis.

Lateral ventricular administration of 100 microgram of Dendroaspis polylepis venom is cats consistently produced a marked rise in arterial blood pressure, heart rate dilatation of pupils and piloerection. This intense central sympathetic discharge occurred after a latent period of 11.7 +/- 0.72 min. Bilateral adrenelectomy abolished the sympathetic discharge showing that central release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla may play an important role in elicting the cardiovascular response.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1996

[Pharmacological and chemical evaluation of stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae)].

After intraperitoneal administration of gradual aqueous doses obtained from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaves, the following effects were observed in rats: a reduction of motor activity and the alarm reaction, ataxia, sedation, analgesia, anesthesia, ptosis, piloerection, head tremors and a significant reduction of body temperature of about 8.4 degrees C. Robichaud's sign was present, probably due to some muscular relaxation. There were appreciable changes on respiration, with increment on amplitudes and reduction on the frequency, followed by apnea and the death of the animals, probably due to asphysia. Iridoid ipolamiide and the phenylpropanoid glycoside, verbascoside, were identified from the same extracts. Both metabolites have been indicated with potential pharmaceuticals properties in accord with ethnobotanical value attributed to this plant.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1977

Studies on hyperactivity in rats given tranylcypromine stereoisomers and reserpine.

Hyperactivity, salivation, piloerection, exophthalmia and ejaculation occurred in rats given reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p.) 2 hr after an oral dose (5 mg/kg) of trans-dl-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (tranylcypromine, dl-Tcp). The same syndrome occurred in rats given the d-isomer (d-Tcp) plus reserpine but not in rats given the l-isomer (l-Tcp) lus reserpine. Neither alpha methyl-p-tyrosine (2 X 150 mg/kg s.c.) nor parachlorophenylalanine (200 mg/kg s.c.) pretreatment prevented the hyperactivity syndrome. The results suggest that mainly MAO inhibition and release of monoamines are involved in the hyperactivity syndrome produced by dl-Tcp plus reserpine.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Congenital arrector pili hamartoma. A case report and review of the spectrum of Becker's melanosis and pilar smooth-muscle hamartoma.

Congenital pigmented arrector pili hamartomas are unique malformations of epidermis and pilar apparatus usually appearing as localized, lightly pigmented, hairy plaques. Characteristic microscopic features include smooth-muscle proliferation similar to irregularly disposed arrectores pilorum, and slight elongation of epidermal rete with hypermelanosis of the basal unit. An otherwise normally developed child who had this hamartoma at birth is described in an attempt to clarify the relationship between pilar smooth-muscle hamartomas and Becker's melanosis. We propose that these two entities belong at different poles of the same developmental spectrum of hamartomatous change.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

Two cases of acute pandysautonomia.

Two men had acute nonprogressive pandysautonomia. Both of them showed orthostatic hypotension, fainting in upright position, pupillary disturbances, diminished sweating, anacidity, and impotence. Case 1 showed considerable but inadequate improvement within 31 months. Case 2 recovered completely after 11 months. Clinical and pharmacodynamic investigations suggested that the main lesion was located in postganglionic fibers in case 1 and in preganglionic fibers in case 2. The cause of this disorder is unknown, although both patients had undergone substantial weight loss.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

Catecholamine-containing nerve terminals in piloarrector muscles of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) and the effects of local injection of 6-, and 5-hydroxydopamine.

The fluorescence histochemical method of Falck-Hillarp (62) demonstrates dense plexuses of catecholamine-containing nerves in the piloarrector muscles of adult stump-tailed macaques. When these muscle fibers are viewed under the electron microscope, most of the axon terminal profiles between them contain numerous dense-cored vesicles (adrenergic); the rest of the terminals contain mainly agranular vesicles (cholinergic). Intradermal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 1 and 5 mg) or 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA, 10mg) into the scalp caused the fluorescence from the nerve fibers in the muscles to completely disappear. The 6-OHDA injections induced severe degenerative changes in the adrenergic terminals whereas the 5-OHDA injections caused only the granules in the vesicles to increase in numbers. Thus, the piloarrector muscles of these macaques are innervated with both adrenergic and cholinergic terminals, but the former are more numerous than the latter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cocaine-induced rausch: overt behaviour and plasma concentrations in rhesus monkeys.

This study was designed to characterize the cocaine-induced rausch or hyperarousal syndrome in rhesus monkeys. This syndrome mimics the stage observed in human abusers bingeing on cocaine and is considered crucial in the progression from recreational use to compulsive abuse. However, little research has focused on this important aspect of cocaine use. Cocaine was administered i.v. at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations were determined by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using deuterated internal standards d3 cocaine and d3 benzoylecgonine (BE). Mean plasma concentrations of cocaine, were on samples collected 1 min after infusion, 46 +/- 31, 88 +/- 15 and 275 +/- 116 mg/microliters in the 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg dose groups, respectively. There were no detectable concentrations of BE in any of the specimens nor was cocaine detected in the saline controls. Analysis of the behavioural data revealed that the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg results were intermediate between the results obtained at doses of 0.0 and 2.0 mg/kg and that the 1.0 mg/kg dose produced a higher response than the 0.5 mg/kg dose up to the 12 min. Regarding individual behavioural signs, those designated escape attempts, checking, feinting, restlessness, searching, vocalizing, chewing, crouching and wide-eyed were noted most frequently. The results showed dose-response relationships for both plasma concentrations of cocaine and for the total number of overt behavioural signs. The plasma concentrations were in the range reported for human cocaine abusers.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Goose flesh and cold sensation. Symptoms of visceral epilepsy].

Goose flesh and cold shiver can be ictal signs of visceral epilepsies. These visceral epilepsies may occur with isolated ictal signs during a simple partial seizure or in combination with other autonomic signs or in complex partial seizures. Because of the unusual features of the ictal symptomatology, these visceral epilepsies often are masked and wrongly diagnosed as nonepileptic events, e.g., somatoform disorders. Five cases are reported with case history, neurological findings, and results of electroencephalography, MEG, and imaging. Interestingly, patients did not suffer from tumoral epilepsies and the epileptic focus was lateralized to the left (dominant) temporal lobe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Skin biopsy for assessment of autonomic denervation in Parkinson's disease.

Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered a late complication of the disease or an adverse effect of anti-parkinsonian medications. Morphological changes are demonstrated only by postmortem examination. The study objective was to evaluate peripheral autonomic neural involvement in PD using punch skin biopsy. The study sample included 22 patients (mean age 50 +/- 7.7 years, mean disease duration 5.3 +/- 3.8 years) and 19 controls. Four-millimeter skin biopsies were immunohistochemically stained with anti-PGP 9.5 antibody. Autonomic innervation of the blood vessels, sweat glands, and erector pili muscles was assessed and rated from 0 (normal) to 2 (severe). Cutaneous autonomic innervation was decreased in patients compared to controls. Semi quantitative analysis demonstrated reduced autonomic innervation of the blood vessels (1.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.8 in controls; p < 0.02), of sweat glands (0.95 +/- 0.67 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.61; p < 0.02) and of the erector pili muscles (1.06 +/- 0.55 vs 0.21 +/- 0.42; p < 0.001). This method demonstrates that the peripheral autonomic system is affected in PD at early stage of the disease and that autonomic involvement in PD may be more prevalent than previously thought.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effects of clonidine on morphine withdrawal signs in the rat.

The influence of clonidine on the naloxone-induced withdrawal signs, escape attempts and precipitated shakes, was studied in morphine-dependent rats. Clonidine injected i.p. or intraventricularly (i. vent.) inhibited precipitated shakes and potentiated escape attempts induced by naloxone in morphine-dependent rats. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, precipitated shakes and ice water-induced wet shakes were inhibited by clonidine and norepinephrine. Clonidine injected i. vent. reduced body temperatures in morphine-dependent rats but not in placebo pellet-implanted rats. We suggest that clonidine modulates morphine withdrawal signs by potentiating the behavior associated with heat dissipation (escape attempts) and inhibiting the behavior associated with heat gain mechanisms (precipitated shakes). These effects may occur via stimulation of central noradrenergic mechanisms.

Anesthesia↗