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PubMed2003

Integrating the disabled into the community in the wake of Olmstead.

The June 1999 Supreme Court decision in the case of Olmstead v. L.C. and E.W. was heralded by disability advocates and others as the catalyst for greater integration of the disabled into communities. Since that time, the progress that states have made implementing the principles of the Olmstead decision has been slow, and enforcement of the decision has been difficult due to questions about the scope of the ruling. Federal assistance is available, but states still have a long way to go.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Liberty and tardive dyskinesia: informed consent to antipsychotic medication in the forensic psychiatric hospital.

This paper addresses informed consent to antipsychotic medication of those incarcerated in a forensic psychiatric hospital. The ways in which the unique setting of the forensic psychiatric hospital impinge upon the three components of informed consent--information, voluntariness, and competency--are explored. Special attention is given to the risk-benefit ratio of receiving antipsychotic medication in terms of the liberty interests at stake--freedom of movement, that is, the effects of tardive dyskinesia, and freedom of space, that is, release from the forensic psychiatric facility.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1978

Ethical problems in clinical psychopharmacology.

The present article originates from some intriguing problems which the author, working as a clinical pharmacologist and psychiatrist, was faced with during clinical investigations. Practical difficulties appearing at first glance as of a rather methodological nature often reveal themselves as ethical questions. Investigation of psychotropic drugs in normal volunteers as well as in psychiatric patients is taken as a model to exemplify certain fundamental ethical aspects of medical research. It is emphasized that the "solution" of ethical problems cannot be achieved by referring to a given code of norms which themselves depend on certain historical circumstances, but rather by recognizing and reasoning the conflicts which result from various moral maxims. Clinical psychopharmacology should not only be conscious of its methodological shortcomings and future goals but also accept the justification of discussions about the ethical and legal questions involved in its dealings and take an active part in these debates. With regard to the relationship between patient and investigator, "solidarity" [23] instead of ongoing paternalism or legal formalism, appears to be a realistic goal. This is also true in the area of psychopharmacological research.

Disclosure↗