Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Personality Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The twin condition and the couple effects on personality development.

Twin psychology has been studied to a very limited extent. Only few remarkable peculiarities of the twins' development are known for sure, such as delayed intellectual development, language retardation with frequent cryptophasia, difficulties and fragility of self consciousness, reduced sociability. These and other peculiarities may result from a number of different factors: biological, peculiar parental attitude, and especially the twin situation itself, the psychology of the twin as an individual being a function of the psychology of the twin pair. Twin peculiarities have for a long time been ignored. On the one hand, psychology ignored the couple reality (it was a "one-body" psychology), and on the other, the twin method classically postulated that twins are not atypical and may therefore be used as a test for the general population. As a matter of fact, twin psychology opens a new way to science. The twin situation may serve as a paradigm for the general study of the couple effect, namely, for the objective analysis of personality as a consequence of the relations between self and others. For certain traits of personality, it is already known that MZ twins brought-up together are significantly less similar than MZ twins brought-up apart. In fact, couple effects may mask or considerably reduce genetic factors.

Cognition↗
PubMed1986

Career awareness and personal development: a naturalistic study of gifted adolescent girls' concerns.

The role of social interaction and the importance of humor in the development of gifted adolescent females' beliefs about career options are explored in this paper. Findings are based on a qualitative study which utilized participant-observation and interviewing during a four-month career exploration seminar for gifted females. The results of this study indicate that gifted girls experience a unique conflict between expectations directed at gifted students, and their status as females. The use of humor functioned as a coping device to promote relaxation and release tension.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality development in the elderly--a psychoanalytic paradigm of development].

Traditional concepts within psychoanalytically oriented developmental psychology end with adulthood. The life cycle theories of Erikson as well as Colarusso & Nemiroff cannot, in their current form, explain the processes of conflict interaction in adulthood that are responsible for continued development. Currently existing aging-specific psychoanalytic and cognitive-motivational oriented theories do not provide solutions to this question. Based on the first qualitative results from 2-4-hour semi-structured, biographical interviews with older adults, a simplified model of development throughout the life-course based on the following three basic organizing principles (in accordance with Spitz) is presented 1) psychological processes until adulthood; 2) social relationships during adulthood; 3) somatic processes in late life. Further empirical investigation of this model will be carried out within the context of the Eldermen-study now in progress. First results indicate a variety of clinically relevant developmental conflicts in late life. A deeper understanding of these conflicts will provide the basis for more extensive and appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Living habits and personality development of adolescent twins: a longitudinal follow-up study in a birth cohort from pregnancy to adolescence.

The living habits of 289 twins in a one-year birth cohort beginning during pregnancy and followed up to adolescence were compared with those of 11,623 singletons and two sets of controls matched either by maternal factors and place of residence only or by these and perinatal morbidity, all from the same cohort. The twins went in for sports more often than the singletons or any kind of controls. A nonsignificant trend was found indicating that twins smoked less often than their matched controls. The twins also used alcohol less often than their controls. The intrapair similarities of twins were higher than the similarities of twins and either type of controls in all four variables tested: sports, smoking, use of alcohol, as well as having been drunk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Long-term effects on personality development in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Influence of type of treatment.

In a series of 157 patients treated surgically and/or with Milwaukee braces, constituting 83% of the original criterion patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, treated in the Department of Orthopaedics in Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1969 to 1974, a specific psychologic interview was carried out an average of 9 years after treatment. The 92 surgical patients all wore a Milwaukee brace postoperatively for 6-9 months and were gradually weaned over the next year (17 +/- 2 months). The brace-treated patients wore their braces full time for 18 months and part time for another 8 months (26 +/- 3 months). The psychologic portion of the study was a semistructured interview aimed at evaluating reactions in connection with the diagnostic phase, attitudes and reactions to the treatment, attitudes to the hospital staff, and body image concepts at follow-up. The brace-treated patients more often said that they experienced more fear and anxiety when informed about the diagnosis than did the surgical patients (53% and 38%, respectively). In both groups, nearly all patients initially had negative attitudes to the brace treatment. Most of the surgically treated patients gradually accepted the brace, whereas very few of the other group did so. Forty percent in the brace group had negative experiences with the hospital staff, but only 15% in the other group reported negative experience. Several years after completed treatment, one-half of the brace group had definite signs of negative body image concept, whereas this emotional disturbance was found in 33% of the surgically treated patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Personality development following sexual abuse.

Thirty-seven girls and twelve boys who had been sexually abused at an average of 2.6 years previously were traced and reviewed. The nonoffending parents participated in a structured interview and the children were assessed using the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Each child was matched with a child not known to have been sexually abused and these control children underwent a similar psychological assessment. Interviews with the nonoffending parents found that 76% of the children were thought to be less confident than before, 30% had fewer friends, and 20% were more aggressive. Increased sexual awareness was noted in 24%. School teachers reported that 28% still had behavior problems, 17% had repeated a year at school, and a further 17% had deteriorated in their school work. The sexually abused girls had significantly lower self-esteem than the control girls. There was no difference in self-esteem between the control and the sexually abused boys. There was a higher incidence of stranger assault in the boys compared with the girls. The Child Behavior Checklist completed by the parents, the Teacher Report Form, and the Youth Self-Report of the Child Behavior Checklist showed that a highly significant proportion of sexually abused children fell into the clinical range. Sexual abuse appears to have long-term adverse consequences for many of the victims. This may have implications for their ability to relate to others, for the adult friendships they will make, and eventually for the way they will relate to their own children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

IES Arrow-Dot longitudinal study of personality development in preschool children.

Preschool children were administered the IES Arrow-Dot at the beginning and end of the school year and scores compared with those based on a prior study in a Montessori preschool. Developmental trends of declining Impulsivity and rising Ego scores were corroborated. Superego development remained almost stable in contrast to a significant rise for the Montessori sample. Results support effective use of the test with preschoolers to assess baselines and developmental patterns of personality integration.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Personality development and temperament.

This paper identifies a number of problems that emerge in our attempts to trace a developmental linkage between early-appearing individual differences in temperament and later personality. It is suggested that the major problem is that of inadequate theory, from which it follows that there will be problems of definition and methodology. Attention is also drawn to difficulties associated with the concept of 'development'. Certain early-appearing individual difference are identified, for which there is accumulating evidence of a genetic or constitutional basis. Further, these appear to show some stability and are accorded an important role in a number of theories, especially that of Eysenck. It is suggested that his approach, despite its many limitations, is worth further exploration.

Extraversion, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing personal effectiveness: practical tips to hone your skills.

What is personal effectiveness, and how can qualities of leadership be developed? Six AHIMA members (Leslie Fox, Barbara Fuller, Maida Herbst, Sandra Nunn, Brenda Olson, and Gerri Smothers) were asked to comment. Here's advice from the experts on how to perform effectively.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2000

Socialization, personality development, and the child's environments: comment on Vandell (2000).

Although many socialization agents influence children's behavior (D. L. Vandell, 2000), the evidence (e.g., from intervention studies) indicates that each exerts its influence only within its own domain. Context effects and genetic effects are among the confounding factors that make it impossible, given current data, to reject the null hypothesis of zero long-term effects of parenting on child outcomes. Problems with the prevailing view of development cannot be solved by invoking within-home environmental differences or gene- environment interactions. Group socialization theory can account for findings that do not fit the prevailing view. The theory attributes outside-the-home socialization to identification with a peer group and assimilation of group norms, but attributes nongenetic variation in personality to differentiation within the group. The latter proposition is still largely untested but other aspects of the theory are well supported by evidence.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Molecular characterization of D- Korean persons: development of a diagnostic strategy.

BACKGROUND: D- frequencies show wide racial differences: in particular, in Korean persons it is approximately 1/100th of that in Caucasians (0.15% vs. 15%). The molecular mechanisms of D- may be unique to races, and thus specific molecular diagnostic approaches are necessary for individual races. Such marked racial differences have been attributed to the founder effect. It was hypothesized that D- frequencies may be affected by genomic variations of Rhesus boxes, which are instruments of unequal crossing-over. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: First, the molecular basis of D- in Korean donors was characterized. A total of 264 D- persons were analyzed by performing RHD exon polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Rhesus box hybrid PCR-PstI, RHD sequencing, and a novel RHD-CE-D hybrid PCR. Second, with sequencing analysis, Rhesus boxes in Korean and Caucasian persons were compared. RESULTS: Of 264 D- Korean individuals, 74 percent completely lacked RHD, 9 percent had RHD-CE-D hybrid, and 17 percent had point mutations. Three genetic causes, RHD deletion, RHD-CE(2-9)-D2, and 1227G>A, explained 99.4 percent of D- alleles in Korean persons. Three novel mutations were also found. The identity region of 10 Rhesus boxes in Korean persons was in complete concordance with that in Caucasian persons. CONCLUSION: In this study, a molecular diagnostic strategy was established and the genetic causes of almost all D- Korean persons was able to be diagnosed with a simple decision tree. The study provides a good example of the molecular diagnosis of D- persons, especially in low-frequency areas. Our hypothesis that D- frequencies are affected by genomic variations in Rhesus boxes was excluded. Rather, racial differences may be influenced by the founder effect.

Asian People↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identifying feeding problems in mentally retarded persons: development and reliability of the screening tool of feeding problems (STEP).

Feeding problems are extremely common among individuals with mental retardation. Palmer, Thompson, and Linscheid (1975) estimate that 33% of persons with mental retardation have severe feeding difficulties or problems. Furthermore, the consequences of untreated feeding problems can be severe if not fatal. Despite these numbers, little has been done to systematically identify these problems. The Screening Tool of Feeding Problems (STEP) was developed as a means to identify feeding problems presented by persons with mental retardation, and thus facilitate the process of identifying who would benefit from some type of behavioral or medical intervention. Items included in the STEP target feeding problems identified in the literature, in the areas of risk of aspiration, food selectivity, feeding skills deficits, food refusal and associated behavior problems, and nutrition related behavior problems. The current study describes the construction of this scale, provides psychometric data including test-retest and cross rater reliability, and factor analysis data.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting respect for persons: developing a brochure for research participants.

The Institute of Medicine report Responsible Research: A Systems Approach to Protecting Research Participants noted that research participants require educational materials and ongoing interactions with investigators and healthcare professionals to have sufficient information to make a choice and be empowered to ask questions regarding their research participation. One of the ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report, Respect for Persons, provided the framework for developing a brochure for research participants specific to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The intent was to provide veterans and their families information about research in the VA and a list of basic questions to guide them through the complex decision making about their rights as research participants.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Drugging the cancer kinome: progress and challenges in developing personalized molecular cancer therapeutics.

A major goal of cancer research is to translate our understanding of the causation of malignancy at the level of the genome and biochemical pathways into the development of drugs with improved activity and cancer selectivity. This paper provides a personal perspective of the current status of efforts to achieve this goal, with a particular focus on drugging the cancer kinome. Remarkable progress has been made in this area, but many challenges remain. The value of cancer kinome sequencing is emphasized. Three projects in which the author's laboratory is involved are reviewed in detail. These involve the discovery and development of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, and the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.

Antineoplastic Agents↗