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Results for “Paranoid Behavior”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Automatic versus controlled semantic priming in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenic individuals (n = 31), including paranoid and nonparanoid diagnostic subgroups, and normal controls (n = 20) participated in a semantic priming experiment involving a single-choice lexical decision task. For the automatic priming blocks, a 260-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was used; for the controlled priming blocks, 1,000-ms SOA was used. The paranoid subgroup showed significantly less priming than did the control group. The nonparanoid subgroup showed a decrease in priming compared with the control group that approached significance. There was an increased priming effect for the controlled compared with the automatic priming condition; this difference was not modulated by participant group. Nonsignificant semantic priming (equal to 0) occurred only for schizophrenic subgroups and only in automatic priming conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Serum and CSF glutamine levels in valproate-related hyperammonemic encephalopathy.

PURPOSE: To investigate ammonia and glutamine levels in valproate (VPA)-related hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and EEG recordings of seven adults diagnosed with VHE. RESULTS: Venous ammonia levels were elevated in five (71%) of the seven patients. Elevated serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamine levels were found in four (80%) of five cases tested, including two who had normal ammonia levels. Initial behavioral signs included violent outbursts in three patients, paranoid ideation severe enough to require restraint in two cases, and milder abnormalities in two instances. The severity of encephalopathy was not related to any particular serum VPA level. In four patients serum VPA levels did not exceed 100 microg/ml, and in one case, VHE developed after taking only one 250-mg dose. Symptoms eventually cleared after reducing the dose of, or discontinuing, VPA. Liver-function tests were normal. Each of six patients tested had EEG findings that supported the diagnosis of VHE and excluded nonconvulsive status epilepticus. The rate of normalization of one patient's serum glutamine level and the EEGs of two cases correlated better with the timing of their delayed clinical recovery than did the more rapid rate of decline of the serum ammonia levels. CONCLUSIONS: Serum or CSF glutamine levels are initially elevated in a majority of patients with suspected VHE, sometimes in the absence of hyperammonemia. Glutamine levels may be useful adjunctive laboratory tests for the diagnosis of VHE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Implications of concomitant therapy with psychotropic drugs in emergency care. Discussion of current literature with reference to a case report].

This case report deals with an acute psychotic suicidal patient who stabbed two nail-scissors straight into his eyes. The extent of the trauma was unknown primarily during emergency treatment, and an intracranial trauma had to be considered. Furthermore, there was no information on the patient's history including medical therapy or abuse of psychotropic drugs like monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tri- or tetracyclic antidepressants, neuroleptic agents, or lithium salts which could have consequences for subsequent drug administration. The emergency aid management of psychotic patients with the possibility of both an intracranial trauma and an existing psychotropic drug therapy is discussed in this case report.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1994

[Self-inflicted injuries of the eye: differential diagnosis of self-inflicted lacerating corneal injury].

BACKGROUND: Recognising self-inflicted injuries is the prerequisite to initiate specific, psychiatric, therapy of the often underlying psychiatric disorders. The differential diagnosis of Oedipism, self-inflicted ocular injury, includes Munchausen's-syndrome, neuroses and schizophrenic psychoses. PATIENT: We present a patient in whom a self-inflicted corneal lancinating injury was the first sign of an acute relapse of his previously known paranoid-hallucinating schizophrenia, requiring immediate treatment. CONCLUSION: In patients with unexplained ocular disease self-inflicted ocular injury needs to be taken into consideration as the treatment of such patients requires close cooperation of Ophthalmologists and Psychiatrists.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Self-inflicted enucleation of both eyes.

Categories of self-injurious behaviour are briefly reviewed. Serious and bizarre self injurious behaviour is usually psychotic in origin. The literature concerning self-inflicted enucleation of the eyes is reviewed and two additional patients, both with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, are reported. The lack of pain and the lack of concern shown by the patients and their management are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Conceptual issues in the use of drugs for the treatment of aggression in man.

Violence is a symptom of an underlying mental state such as a psychosis, a characterological problem, or brain dysfunction. Thus drugs used to treat aggression in man exert effects by their specific pharmacological actions (e.g., antipsychotic, anticonvulsant). Most literature to date has dealt with animals and human models of aggression and lacks conceptual clarity. Aggression differs from depression, a coherent clinical entity, in its etiological diversity and its paroxysmal or impulsive basis, and this may account for the relationship seen in literature linking violence to epilepsy; yet literature on anticonvulsants is equivocal with regard to beneficial effects on aggression. Lithium has been shown to have positive effects, although its mode of action is unclear. A variety of antipsychotic agents and minor tranquilizers have been mentioned. Central nervous system stimulants have been found useful to treat hyperkinetic syndromes in both children and adults where aggression is a symptom. Hormonal agents are discussed. Drug treatment of aggression should not obscure the need for verbal therapies, and social and environmental factors should always be regarded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The effect of testosterone on psychopathology and sexual function in a paranoid schizophrenic self-castrate.

It has been suggested that the administration of androgens to paranoid schizophrenics who castrate themselves because of religious delusions and sexual guilt might exacerbate the psychosis and increase the risk of further self-mutilation. We administered testosterone enanthate to such a case intermittently during his 12 week hospital stay and studied simultaneously, psychopathology (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and clinical assessment), hormone levels and sexual behaviours. Sexual behaviours increased in line with increased serum testosterone levels; psychopathology declined. Following his discharge, he was managed on a regime of phenothiazines and monthly testosterone injections. After one year, he was enjoying normal heterosexual activities (without guilt) although his extreme religiosity had not declined.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

A twin study.

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Adolescent↗