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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Physician's guide to popular low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets.

Low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets are very popular, but the recommendations of many of these diets are diametrically opposed to those put forth by the US Department of Agriculture, the American Heart Association, and other national organizations. Their focus on foods high in protein, fat, and cholesterol has potentially serious health implications. Physicians need to be knowledgeable about the efficacy of these programs and to talk to overweight patients about weight loss.

Diet Fads↗
PubMed2006

Copper and lead levels in two popular leafy vegetables grown around Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania.

A study was carried out to determine the levels of two heavy metals, Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu), in two popular leafy vegetables grown around Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. Vegetable samples of Pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) were collected from three sites and analysed for their concentrations of the two metals using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The three sites, namely Mazimbu, Kihonda and Towelo are located within a 10 km perimeter. The site selection was based on the anticipated levels of contamination of the water used for irrigation. The results showed that the levels (mg/100g dry weight) ranged from 0.885 to 1.39 for Copper and 0.05 to 0.315 for Lead. The levels of Lead and Copper varied between the vegetable varieties and from site to site. Vegetables from Mazimbu showed higher concentration levels of the two metals compared to the other sites in both varieties. Towelo vegetables had relatively low concentrations. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in levels of the two metals across the sites but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the levels of Copper between the two vegetable varieties from all the three sites. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the levels of Lead between the vegetable varieties. The levels of both Lead and Copper in the two vegetables were found to be below the maximum permissible levels recommended by FAO/WHO for the two metals in vegetables.

Brassica↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of popular, non-prescription weight loss supplements.

OBJECTIVES: To review the evidence for the effectiveness of popular, non-prescription weight loss supplements. DATA SOURCES: A detailed literature search including all relevant medical and supplementary medicine databases and evidence submitted from manufacturers. DATA SYNTHESIS: The theoretical basis and rationale for the use of each substance is considered along with available research in the published literature on effectiveness and potential risks. We classified the level of evidence represented by the main research studies on each substance. CONCLUSIONS: There is no good evidence for any weight loss benefits from most of the substances reviewed here. There is some support for mild effects of capsaicin, caffeine and fibre, but only in whole foods. In some cases (e.g., chitosan), there is a plausible theoretical basis for the product, but no supporting proof of effect in humans in the absence of a calorie-controlled diet. Possible synergistic effects of different ingredients cannot be dismissed, but cannot be assessed from current data. There is an absence of good quality research on many substances, which means that advertising claims may be misleading.

Anti-Obesity Agents↗
PubMed1976

The Jake Walk Blues. A toxicologic tragedy mirrored in American popular music.

In 1930 thousands of cases of muscle pain, weakness of upper and lower extremities, and minimal sensory impairment occurred in the United States. The illness was caused by the consumption of an adulterated Jamaica ginger extract ("Jake"), an illicit beverage then popularly used in the southern and midwestern United States to circumvent prohibition statutes. The additive tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate caused severe, only partially reversible damage to the spinal cord and peripheral nervous tissue. Victims with resultant gait impairment, sometimes permanent, were said to have the "Jake Leg" or "Jake Walk." Twelve commercial phonographic recordings made between 1928 and 1934 by southern rural artists, white and black, refer to Jake or Jake-induced infirmity. These reveal preepidemic cultural familiarity with Jake, and the later, postepidemic performances reflect a whimsical, even cynical, cultural attitude that those with "Jake Leg" were suffering the wages of sin and should not be regarded as objects of pity or sympathy.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed2000

Using popular education groups: can we develop a health promotions strategy for psychiatric consumers/survivors?

It is widely acknowledged that health derives from a myriad of factors including economics, education, housing, and social support (Sidell et al., 1997). In short, health care, although dominant in North America, represents only one approach to health. The paper suggests utilizing the theory of Paulo Freire (1971) concerning adult and popular education to support the empowerment of psychiatric consumers/survivors with regard to their health. The paper theorizes that, as psychiatric consumers are supported to 'own' their health through a process of mutual aid, they will be more able to become partners in managing not only their psychiatric illness but their health. The paper argues that it is incumbent upon traditional mental health services as well as community innovators to undertake these facilitative roles. More generally, the paper suggests that a health promotions/health determinants approach can be efficacious in improving the health of other high-risk/high-use health care groups, and that we must direct concerted efforts to reduce the marginalization experienced by so many of our citizens.

Health Education↗
PubMed1991

Breastfeeding and popular aetiology in the Sahel.

Two views about breastfeeding and the resumption of intercourse after a birth are found to prevail in Bamako and Bobo-Dioulasso, two cities of the Sahel region of Africa: that sexual relations may spoil the milk; and that a child should be weaned when the woman is pregnant again. Both beliefs provide a rationale to abstain, but the postpartum taboo has been greatly reduced in the area, and the second belief is the most important. 'Bad milk' serves as an explanation for many of the diarrhoeas and diseases of nutritional origin that affect infants and children. Traditional medical treatments of diarrhoea and protein calorie malnutrition are consistent with the popular aetiology. The acceptance of modern techniques of infant care in this area may well be predicated on the diffusion of an alternative model of disease causation.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1999

[Hippocratic therapies for gynecologic diseases. Popular medicine or science?].

Gynaecology is the field of Hippocratic medicine in which most remnants of magical and popular medicine have been found. However, this must not lead to premature generalizations. Therapies and drugs which are repeatedly mentioned as examples of such archaic remnants (especially the so-called "Dreckapotheke") are to be interpreted differently according to context. While some treatments clearly show their archaic origin, others can be explained in the light of the scientific medical knowledge of their time.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2000

A whisper of salvation. American psychologists and religion in the popular press, 1884-1908.

The advocates of the new psychology that emerged at the end of the 19th century were faced with a need to gain support from a public that was searching for a new basis for social and political order, yet was chary of any science identified with godless materialism. The first generation of American psychologists was faced with the dilemma of defining their approach as distinct from the old psychology while defusing public concern about the materialistic implications of their new science. Many of these new psychologists developed a rhetorical strategy of incorporating religious sentiment into their writing for the popular press. Their strategy emphasized the harmony of the new science with religious faith and stressed the moral qualities of psychological work.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2001

Edgar Buchanan: dentist and popular character actor in movies and television.

Edgar Buchanan, D.D.S., pursued a diverse mix of careers during his lifetime: as he practiced dentistry, he also worked as a popular film and television actor. Although he eventually relinquished a full-time dental practice for acting, he continued his commitment to clinical dentistry. Acting in 100 films and four television series across a 35-year span (1939-1975). He personified a scheming, yet well-meaning rustic who specialized in "cracker-barrel" philosophy. Typically, he was cast in classic western movies as a bewhiskered character actor. In several films he played a frontier dentist who was always portrayed in a sympathetic and authentic manner. His unique gravelly voice, subtle facial expressions, folksy mannerisms and portly build enabled Buchanan to step into a wide variety of character roles. His most memorable television role was in the classic situation comedy, "Petticoat Junction," (1963-1970), where he played Uncle Joe, a folksy, lovable, free-loader whose many entertaining schemes created chaos.

Dentists↗
PubMed1994

[Formation of popular medical books in Sichuan Province in late Qing Dynasty and its influence].

Among the traditional Chinese medical works in the Qing Dynasty is Sichuan province, popular ones occupied the major part. This author investigates its causes from the angles of economics, population and characteristics of physicians in this province. He also discusses the abridgement or re-compilation on the basis of those authors by their own clinical experience, who either imitated the stkyle, recompiled, or even attached their own work to Chen Xiuyuan's medical books. The influence, significance and role of these medical books are also mentioned.

China↗
PubMed1996

[Private habits and public interest. Breast-feeding in popular medical literature, Barcelona 1880-1890].

From the latter decades of the 19th century onward, the style of life of the lower classes was threatened by increasing standardization that bourgeois culture introduced in industrial societies. One way in which the patterns of private and public behavior were influenced was by the transmission of new values through different communication channels availabale at that time. Feeding and hygiene became fundamental subjects in a pattern od cultural change that was favored by politicians and supported by influential institutions and social groups, which moreover played the role of mediator in class conflicts. Breast-feeding was one of the main subjects of popular hygiene and health literature at the end of the century, and represented an attempt not only to palliate infant mortality, but to mold women's behavior and consolidate a certain type of family within a context that required stability, thrift, and work to cope with the dangers of poverty and the rootlessness that were faced by the masses of workers arriving in the industrialized city.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1994

Playing AIDS: an experiment in popular theatre in Mali.

In Mali, an original experiment called the "useful theater" has succeeded in making the population aware of the problem of AIDS while entertaining them at the same time. Philippe Dauchez, a French stage director and teacher of dramatic art at the Institut National des Arts (INA) in Bamako, drew his inspiration from a popular theater tradition, the koteba, and created the "useful theater", whose aim is to make messages about health acceptable by presenting them in an amusing way. Five companies of actors, all former pupils of INA, regularly visit the most far flung villages to present plays on hygiene and especially on AIDS. The AIDS question is treated here with humor, though gradually the comedy turns to tragedy as one by one, towards the end of the play, the characters learn that they have contracted AIDS. The actors mime their convulsions and suffering and die on stage, despite the efforts of the healer and the doctor, who remain powerless. The aim is to show how the disease is transmitted and how to protect oneself by using a condom. After each performance a discussion is organized to make sure that the message has truly been understood, and condoms are distributed to the audience.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

["If we don't have a family, we don't have a life!" Conceptions of popular class families caregivers of frail elderly people].

This research has a quality input that aims to reveal the concepts of popular class families caregivers of frail elderly people at their home, concerning the aspects that involve the meaning of care taking to the frail elderly in the family context. The methodology used is a case study of the ethnological kind. The data were collected by means of participant observation and interview with four families. Through the data analysis four themes related to the families conceptions were identified: the meaning of health-sicken, the meaning of family, the meaning of old age, the meaning of taking care of a frail elderly family member.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Popularizing spacing methods of family planning in rural areas: the perception of programme personnel and the community in Karnataka.

"In this study an attempt has been made to identify the possible factors inhibiting the use of spacing methods through a field investigation in the rural areas of northern Karnataka [India] by interviewing both programme personnel and the community (leaders and couples). This paper presents the salient findings and policy implications of the study.... The specific objectives of the study were: (i) to assess the perception and experiences of the programme personnel, from district level to grassroots level, about popularizing spacing methods of family planning in the rural areas; (ii) to understand the community leaders' knowledge about spacing methods and their perception regarding couples accepting them; and (iii) to study the knowledge, attitude and practice of different family planning methods by couples...in the villages."

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Withdrawal continues to be popular in Turkey.

In Turkey, in spite of the continuing expansion of family planning services, withdrawal continues to be the most popular method of fertility regulation. In 1993, more than 26% of all currently married women were relying on this method of contraception. Studies supported by the Program point to opposition from men to the use of modern methods by their wives. The use of modern methods in Turkey is, nonetheless, on the rise. Between 1988 and 1993 the prevalence of use of modern methods increased by 3.5% (from 31% to 34.5%), mainly as a result of a rise in the use of the IUD--from 14% in 1988 to 19% in 1993. But during the same period the use of the contraceptive pill declined from 6% to 5%. Condom use remained steady at around 7%, and a slight increase has been observed in female sterilization.

Asia↗
PubMed2002

In vitro organogenesis and genetic transformation in popular Cucumis sativus L. through Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

The effect of growth regulators and culture conditions on the morphogenetic response of cotyledonary leaf discs was studied in popular cucumber variety (Cucumis sativus cv. Sheetal). Organogenesis was induced directly without any intervening callus phase on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyladenine and indole propionic acid. Best results (93%) were obtained in the presence of the 4 mg/L benzyladenine and 1 mg/L IPA. The elongated shoots were rooted in basal medium with 1 mg/L indole butyric acid, hardened and transferred to the field conditions. Genetic transformation system has been established for Cucumis sativus cv. Sheetal, plants by infecting cotyledonary explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying binary plasmid pBI121, which contains scorable marker, beta-glucuronidase and selectable marker nptII under the CaMV 35S promoter. Infection was most effective when explants were infected with Agrobacterium for 15 min and co-cultivated for 2 days in the co-cultivation medium. Shoots were regenerated directly from cotyledonary leaf explants in the presence of kanamycin (50 microg/ml) and analysed. Southern blot analysis confirmed that transformation had occurred. This method will allow genetic improvement of this crop by the introduction of agronomically important genes.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗