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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Instant color print photography in dermatology.

The use of instant color print photography in dermatology is explored and evaluated in this article. Recent advances in the technology of instant photography have made it possible for the creation of fast, accurate, clinical photographs by people with little experience or training. The Polaroid SX-70 Sonar camera with the CU-70 close-up kit is evaluated and compared to the Kodak instant close-up camera kit as marketed by the Lester A. Dine Company. The advantages and disadvantages of the two camera systems are presented. Techniques such as lighting, proper distance, and exposure are discussed with mention of the method of converting prints into slides. The many and varied applications of this modality are reviewed. Rapid, sharp, reproducible clinical photographs can now be obtained instantaneously by the busy clinician.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnostic reliability and economic profitability of 105 mm photography in digestive radiology].

A strict methodology using data-processing programmes was employed to compare diagnostic reliability and economic profitability of 105 mm photography and conventional radiography during 500 radiological examinations of the digestive tract. Films were evaluated twice on two separate occasions to determine correlation with predicted diagnosis and the amount of film exposed during the two investigational methods. Results demonstrated that a reliable diagnosis could be established with 105 mm photography (sensitivity: 97, 4 p. cent; specificity: 90 p. cent; diagnostic precision: 94 p. cent), that it was economically profitable (economy of 1 m2 of sensitized film surface at each examination), and that productivity was improved by the use of this method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Microscopic otologic photography using a standard 35-mm camera.

For years microscopic otologic photography required expensive sophisticated equipment or specialized camera attachments. Recently one of the authors reported using an automatic 35-mm single lens reflex camera to reproduce high-quality slides. The authors now describe how reliable, inexpensive microscopic otologic photography can be performed using a pre-set standard 35-mm single lens reflex camera without the need for metering, automatic adjustments, or sophisticated equipment.

Cranial Fossa, Posterior↗
PubMed1995

[Pathogenesis of cholesteatoma: contribution of otoscopic photography].

The filiation between otitis media with effusion, retraction pockets and cholesteatoma appears for most otologist to be very probable and logical but remains controversial. Some experts argue rigourously and they say fairly that it has not been so far strictly proven. Long term otoscopic observation supported by photography could bring indisputable evidences. During a 12 years period we have taken routinely otoscopic photography of every patient with chronic otitis media. We have been able to observe the appearance of cholesteatoma in ear apparently normal at the origin or which presented so-called simple chronic middle ear disease. We report some of the most characteristic observations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Application and evaluation of multiple exposure photography and motion analysis system in gait measurement].

Accurate techniques to evaluate and quantitate gait patterns have been available in clinical applications for the last 20 years. In this study, by employing multiple exposure photography, the walking velocity, stride length, step cadence and joint angle of the lower limbs were recorded for normal young men during the gait cycle. Data were compared with results from the motion analysis system and related researches. The results showed that multiple exposure photography can also provide quantitative analysis of several important time-distance parameters in the gait cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Better dermatologic office photography: taking the photograph.

In a previous article we reviewed the questions every medical photographer must ask when looking through the viewfinder, as well as the difference between plastic surgical and dermatologic photography. We conclude by offering a mnemonic for the three views necessary in dermatologic photography: Location, Scan, and Detail, and by suggesting a technique for preadjusting the camera, lens setting, and flash that will guarantee consistent, high-quality clinical photos.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1997

Polaroid photography as an alternative method of recording clinical material in plastic surgery.

Polaroid photography has been used as a method for assessing and recording certain plastic surgery cases. It has the advantage of being easily and immediately available. Photocopies, in black and white or in colour, can be obtained and can be enlarged. Either the originals or photocopies can be sent to clinicians for rapid appraisal or for their own records. This technique is useful whether silhouette or contrast changes are important, and it allows immediate presentation to the patient for discussion and illustration. Several clinical pre- and post-operative examples demonstrating these facts are given in photographic form. The possible advantages of using Polaroid cameras, which rival the quality and cost of conventional photography, are raised.

Color↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-speed photography of the laser-induced photoablation of urinary calculi utilizing a light-emitting diode photon source.

This work details the design and implementation of a high-speed photography system for capturing events occurring during the laser-induced ablation of urinary calculi. New technology is presented in the form of a digital timing circuit driving a high-intensity light-emitting diode to provide the illuminating pulse for photography. Single events having a duration of one microsecond are captured at varying time intervals after the onset of the ablating pulse using a Polaroid camera and high-speed film. The system produced clear photographs of the ablation event, and may be used to generate photographs of other events occurring on a semi-micro scale. Use of a high-intensity light-emitting diode for production of the strobe pulse offers a low-energy alternative to conventional strobe lamps and lasers.

Catheter Ablation↗
PubMed1998

Photography in bite mark and patterned injury documentation--Part 1.

Photography is an important means of collecting and preserving physical evidence as it relates to bite mark and patterned injuries in skin. Proper use and understanding of color, black-and-white, ultraviolet and infrared photography can greatly aid the collection and preservation of evidence. The techniques and equipment for the photo-documentation of this evidence are presented.

Bites, Human↗
PubMed1977

Optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. II. Early detection with fluorescein fundus angiography and stereoscopic color photography.

Optic disc edema (ODE) due to chronic intracranial hypertension was produced experimentally in rhesus monkeys. Serial studies of fundus changes at frequent intervals, by routine ophthalmoscopy, steroscopic color photography, and fluorescein angiography, revealed that swelling of the optic disc was the first sign of ODE. Other early signs were striation of nerve fibers on the optic disc margins and peripapillary retina, blurring of the disc margins, hyperemia of the disc and capillary dilation, hemorrhages, and other retinal vascular changes; these usually appeared in that sequence. The classically described signs of early ODE were almost always absent. A normal fluorescein fundus angiogram during the incipient stage did not rule out ODE. Stereoscopic color fundus photography was the most sensitive means of detecting early ODE. Fluorescein angiography did not show changes till edema was of a mild to moderate degree; routine ophthalmoscopy was the least reliable method.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed2005

[Photography as a resource of microscopic research? Joseph von Gerlach (1820-1896) and the early anatomical microphotographers].

The Erlangen anatomist Joseph von Gerlach was one of the first medical researchers who used microphotography for their scientific aims in basic tissue research. Already in 1863, Gerlach published a famous handbook on the methodology of the microphotographic technique, entitled Die Photographie als Hülfsmittel mikroskopischer Forschung. Here, he discussed the technological, practical and epistemological standards and constraints of the newly introduced visualisation technique of scientific photography. The efforts and setbacks of Gerlachs' innovative approaches shall be characterised in the present paper. Furthermore, some of the most important arguments put forward by some of his peers are closely compared and thoroughly scrutinised. These anatomical and biological microscopists objected frequently to Gerlach's photographic approach as being "unscientific" or "insufficient" to support the growth of experimental morphology and neurohistological research. In his scientific self-defence, Gerlach developed important auxiliary arguments that display many facets of the epistemological discourse of 19th-century medical research, particularly on the question of how scientific objects should be visualised and identified in the experimental laboratory.

Germany↗
PubMed1980

Use of the elaborated multiple exposure photography (MEP) method in routine sperm motility analyses and for research purposes.

Elaboration of the three basic components incorporated in the recently developed multiple exposure photography (MEP) method for objective sperm motility determination is described. This includes an improved version of the 10-micrometers counting chamber, modified procedures of photography, and a system for easier calculation of the results. During the last 2 years several thousands of sperm motility analyses were performed with the elaborated technique. In our institute this method has totally replaced motility evaluation by subjective estimation and has become the sole method for semen assessment performed during routine clinical work-up and research studies. This method is compared with other still-camera photographic techniques, and data about duration of performance, details of the relatively low cost of analysis, and specifications of some of its components are presented as well.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Comparison between ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography in determining severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy was assessed in a population-based study of 2708 diabetic persons in southern Wisconsin. The retinopathy levels as determined by ophthalmoscopy and by the grading of stereoscopic fundus photographs were compared in the eyes of 1949 persons. Ophthalmoscopy was performed by an ophthalmologist and a specially trained optometrist and ophthalmic technician. Consultation among the three examiners was permitted. There was exact agreement between ophthalmoscopy and grading for detecting retinopathy (none, nonproliferative, proliferative) 85.7% of the time. The kappa statistic, which corrects for chance agreement, was 0.749. There were no significant differences among the three ophthalmoscopists. Ophthalmoscopy was more likely to disagree with fundus photography grading in eyes with less severe forms of retinopathy and in patients examined early in the study. Other factors found to influence the degree of agreement were age, visual acuity, and duration of diabetes. It is concluded that with proper training ophthalmoscopy can be an acceptable alternative to fundus photography in certain situations.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed2006

Multidimensional spatial-spectral holographic interpretation of NMR photography.

A spectral holographic interpretation arises naturally in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) photography from either the intrinsic chemical shift anisotropy of the spin system or the field inhomogeneity due to the applied spatial encoding gradients. We can thus think of NMR photography as arising from a "diffraction" off a spatial-spectral holographic grating. The spatial holographic component arises from a high dielectric constant (>50) of the NMR medium at high field strength (>4 T) when the excitation wavelength is commensurate with the size of the NMR sample; otherwise, it is a volume spectral holographic grating. In this paper, the NMR localized spectroscopy (imaging) equation is derived from the principles of spatial-spectral holography. Holographic properties of storage and programmable time delay and time reversal are shown to follow naturally from this viewpoint and are experimentally demonstrated in an inhomogeneously broadened NMR sample. These ideas are shown to be extendable to complex signal processing functions such as recognition, correlations, and triple products.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Longitudinal studies of incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy assessed by retinal photography in pima indians.

OBJECTIVE: To examine incidence and progression of retinopathy using retinal photographs in Pima Indians and to compare the results with those obtained when retinopathy is assessed by direct ophthalmoscopy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We undertook an analysis of examinations conducted between 1 April 1982 and 31 December 1990 in residents of the Gila River Community in central Arizona. Data were taken from 411 people with diabetes who had at least two examinations during this period. Incidence and progression of retinopathy were evaluated by retinal photography and fundoscopy, and hazard rate ratios were calculated for various potential risk factors measured at baseline. RESULTS: Previously diagnosed retinopathy tended to progress, except in individuals with minimal nonproliferative retinopathy, among whom follow-up examinations were more likely to show no retinopathy. Diabetes duration (hazard rate ratio [HRR], 1.06 per year difference [P = 0.007]), hyperglycemia (HbA(1) HRR, 1.27 per 1% difference [P < 0.0001]), the type of treatment for diabetes (insulin use HRR, 3.06 [P = 0.0007], and oral hypoglycemic use HRR, 2.40 [P = 0.0034], compared with individuals on no pharmacotherapy), and macroalbuminuria (HRR, 2.86, compared with individuals without macroalbuminuria [P = 0.0486]) were associated with the development of retinopathy. Although fundoscopy detected fewer cases of retinopathy, HRRs for most risk factors were similar when retinopathy was assessed by fundoscopy rather than retinal photography. CONCLUSIONS: Although retinopathy tends to worsen over time, some eyes show improvement, especially in patients with minimal nonproliferative retinopathy. As in other populations, glycemic control is the major modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Pupillary response to auditory versus visual mental loading: a pilot study using super 8-mm photography.

The present investigation was two-fold in purpose: to test the hypothesis that auditory mental loading would require greater mental effort and larger resultant pupillary dilation than visual mental loading, and to provide evidence for the feasibility of super 8-mm photography for pupillometric research. Subjects were 30 college students. Stimuli to be stored in memory and repeated aloud in reverse order were seven-digit number-series. Series were either presented visually from 35-mm slides or auditorily from a taped recording. Pupillary responses were recorded to the nearest centimeter on a projected image. Results did not support the hypothesis, but methodologically strong evidence supported 8-mm photography for pupillometry research.

Female↗
PubMed2002

[Fundus photography for the screening for diabetic retinopathy].

Despite the efficacy of laser photocoagulation to prevent complications of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy remains a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in France. This is mainly due to a too late diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. In an effort to detect diabetic retinopathy at an early stage before visual loss, international and national guidelines for the screening for diabetic retinopathy have been developed, which recommend annual fundus examination for all diabetic patients. In France, a recent survey showed that less than 50% of diabetic patients had had an eye examination during the previous year. With the increasing number of diabetic patients and the decreasing number of ophthalmologists, this situation should not improve by the next 15 years. Fundus photography is a method at least as sensitive as ophthalmoscopy in the screening for diabetic retinopathy. New nonmydriatic cameras and digital photography may allow a network organization of several screening centers around a central ophthalmological reading center where digital images could be transmitted. This organization should improve the screening for diabetic retinopathy, while saving medical time.

Blindness↗
PubMed1991

[Retinal nerve fiber layer photography in retinal vein occlusion].

In six eyes we found typical signs that could serve as criteria for the differentiation of ischemic from non-ischemic retinal branch vein occlusion. Perimetry showed a mean defect (in the affected area) of more than 10 dB in eyes with defects in the retinal nerve fiber layer in contrast with 5 dB on one eye without nerve fiber defects. Secondly, fluorescein angiography showed ischemic areas in all eyes examined with localized defects in the photographs of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Damage of the retinal nerve fiber layer was observed before capillary obliteration could be detected by fluorescein angiography. Thirdly, semiquantitative optic disc morphometry demonstrated that using the difference between pallor and excavation as the only sign in ascending optic atrophy is not always useful. Fourthly, photography of the retinal nerve fiber layer showed that there is no correlation between the extension of the ischemic area and the sector angle of the defect of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Photography of the retinal nerve fiber layer can differentiative ischemic from non-ischemic retinal branch vein occlusion because of the qualitative detection of localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects. Consequently, this method is not only of great clinical importance for the diagnosis of different optic lesions, but is also useful for the prognosis and management of occlusion of the retinal branch vein.

Female↗