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PubMed1996

Induratio penis plastica--a factor of erectile dysfunction?

There are still diverse management options in Peyronie's disease and diverse opinions about the coincidence of Peyronie's disease and erectile dysfunction as well. The connection between Peyronie's disease and ED has been proved by some papers but on the other hand authors have refused to accept this claim. We have found erectile dysfunction in about 30% of our patients. We investigated 61 patients with Peyronie's disease. As diagnostic criteria assessment of angulation and erectile dysfunction are proposed. The tunica albuginea plication technique was used in 35 patients with good results. In our investigation we did not find any coincidence of Peyronie's disease with erectile dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation and surgical treatment of patients with penile curvature.

In patients with adult penile curvatures the aim of treatment is to have a penis straight enough and firm enough to allow satisfactory sexual function. Several operative approaches have been used to correct this condition. Herein, we describe our experience with the evaluation and surgical treatment of 37 patients with penile curvature. When we have decided on surgery, we either preferred to elongate the ventral corpora cavernosa by interposition of a piece of dura mater (2 patients) or in most cases (the remaining 35 patients) only excised wedges of tunica albuginea at the arcs of the maximum curvature located with artificial erection (Nesbit's operation). In conclusion, our results showed that Nesbit's operation is a versatile procedure that proved to be useful for correction of penile curvatures in patients with Peyronie's disease. However, further studies and clinical trials are needed to determine if the dura mater is an alternative in the treatment of penile curvatures due to congenital aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Peyronie's disease: intralesional treatment with interferon alpha-2A and evaluation of the results by magnetic resonance imaging.

In this clinical study, to determine the therapeutic efficacy of interferon (IFN) treatment for Peyronie's disease, we applied interferon alpha-2A (IFN alpha-2A) intralesionally in the treatment of Peyronie plaques in 15 patients and results were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients whose plaque sizes were 0.5 and 1 cm responded better to the treatment. There was about a 90% lessening in the sizes of the plaques of 1.5 cm, 83.3% of 2 cm, as the ones which were 0.5 cm and 1 cm disappeared completely after treatment. As a conclusion, the treatment of Peyronie's disease with IFN alpha-2A is effective and side effects are minimum.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Peyronie's disease. Investigation of staging, erectile failure and operative management.

There are still diverse management options in Peyronie's disease, due to its unknown aetiology, progression or remission. Types, extent and duration of operative management in this disease are subject of controversial discussion. We did complex investigations in 132 patients revealing the following items. Diagnostic tests should include both history and physical examination and comparative X-ray and ultrasound investigations. CT is the best method to differentiate pathological lesions in the tunica albuginea. X-ray (xerography) examination demonstrates calcification of the plaque. Papaverin-hydrochloride injection is a valid method to check the extension of concomitant erectile dysfunction and shows the angulation of the penis. Plaque excision and grafting with various materials were used initially with disappointing results (15 patients, only 20% good results). Modified corporal plication has been used subsequently with good results (54 patients, follow-up 3 years, 90% good results). Implantation of penile prosthesis must be evaluated individually.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1994

The significance of histopathological changes of the normal tunica albuginea in Peyronie's disease.

Five patients with Peyronie's disease were operated and the tissue specimens from the plaque involving the tunica albuginea and from the tunica of the unaffected contralateral side were obtained. The specimens were then subjected to histopathological examination and the findings were correlated with those of men proved not to have Peyronie's disease but operated for other reasons. In the specimen of plaque, the changes varied from collagen destruction to cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia. However, in the tunica of the contralateral side the changes such as disregularity of collagen bundles extending even to widespread focal areas, and appearance of pale, rough, eosinophilic collagen degeneration, instead of its characteristic bright birefringence, and focal mucinous degeneration were noted. Interestingly, these alterations were not observed in the specimens of normal tunica albuginea in the control group. But the existence of minimal alterations, the regularity in the apparently normal contralateral tunica albuginea specimens in Peyronie's disease implied that there was an active turnover in collagen production, and the possible factor causing collagen degeneration and so plaque formation was probably the microtraumatization of the tunica albuginea.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Duplex ultrasound findings in men with Peyronie's disease.

Peyronie's disease is a fibrotic process involving the penis, which presents with painful erections, penile chordee, and, less frequently, impotence. Duplex Doppler ultrasound is particularly well suited to the evaluation of these patients, since it can provide information about Peyronie's plaque and the penile vasculature noninvasively. Duplex ultrasound examinations were performed on 30 impotent and three potent men with Peyronie's disease. Presenting symptoms included painful erections in 30% and abnormal curvature in 93%. A plaque was palpable in 31 (94%) of the patients. Ultrasound evaluation revealed evidence of a plaque in only 13 (39%) patients. The majority of these plaques were visualized as hyperechoic areas with or without shadowing. Some isoechoic plaques were identified due to significant thickening of the dorsal tissues. Doppler analysis of cavernosal artery blood flow revealed evidence of arterial disease in eight (27%) of the impotent patients. Although ultrasonography was not as sensitive as palpation in identifying Peyronie's plaques, ultrasonography was better able to determine the depth of fibrosis extension into the corpora.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1988

Ultrasonographic evaluation of Peyronie's disease.

High-resolution ultrasonography was performed on 58 patients with Peyronie's disease and on 6 healthy men; in 3 patients the examination was repeated during medical treatment for a follow-up period of 4 months. Peyronie's plaques always corresponded to abnormal echographic findings. In 54/58 cases (93%) they appeared as hyperechoic lesions. In 4 cases (7%) the plaques were hypoechoic and corresponded to a localized widening of the pericavernous tissues: this condition was observed more frequently in the earliest stages of the disease. There was good agreement between the palpable size of the plaques and their size measured by ultrasonography, with some degree of clinical overestimation of the smallest lesions. Calcified mature plaques corresponded to dense hyperechoic lesions with acoustical shadowing. High-resolution ultrasonography is proposed as a first-line diagnostic approach and as a reliable follow-up examination for Peyronie's disease. The possibility of differentiating calcified plaques from the more recent ones is helpful to allow a correct choice of medical or surgical treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomographic findings in Peyronie's disease.

Twenty-one patients with Peyronie's disease were examined by computed tomography (CT) of the penis. Twenty nodules or plaques already diagnosed by clinical examination were identified. In 2 patients with a clinically palpable large plaque, all the albuginea could not be identified by CT, either in the fixed or mobile portion of the penis. Multiple lesions were palpable in 1 patient and could be seen by CT in 5 patients. Seven nonpalpable lesions were identified by CT. Lesions resembled calcified plaques in 10 instances and focal areas of diminished thickness and density of the tunica albuginea in 17 others. Computed tomography seems to be a very useful method in the study of Peyronie's disease. It allows precise evaluation of nodular lesions and it may be useful for monitoring their dimensional evolution. It may also give some insight into the structural composition of the nodules. This study supports theories that Peyronie's disease is a generalized disease of the penis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Assessment among German urologists of various conservative treatment modalities for Peyronie's disease. Results of a survey].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and the assessment of the different conservative modalities of treatment in Peyronie's disease. A representative survey among 3187 German urologists was performed using a standardized questionnaire comprising currently used concepts of therapy, their efficacy, and their tolerability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 636 urologists participated in the study. Altogether they had treated 6019 patients with Peyronie's disease in 2003. The majority of urologists treated between 3 and 15 patients per year. The most frequent treatment modality was the administration of potassium paraaminobenzoate, followed by vitamin E and extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Other oral drugs and intralesional drug administrations were used considerably less frequently. RESULTS: The most commonly used treatment modalities were assessed for the best results in terms of efficacy and tolerability. However, this outcome is contradictory to the few controlled studies regarding the efficacy of the different drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The large number of patients treated demonstrates the importance of conservative therapy for Peyronie's disease. Therefore, it is unfortunate that no conservative treatment modality is currently available that cures the symptoms of this disorder in all patients affected.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed2006

[Peyronie's disease. Conservative and surgical therapy].

Peyronie's disease is characterized by the formation of a plaque of the tunica albuginea that leads to a mainly dorsally directed penile curvature and penile shortening due to scarification. The exact ethiopathology remains unclear. The natural history of the disease is variable, ranging from spontaneous remissions to chronic, and including severe penile curvature. Therapy should be conservative in the early, painful, progressive phase. No conservative medical or semi-invasive treatment modality, such as extracorporeal shock wave therapy or radiation therapy, is currently available for curing all of the symptoms of this disorder in all patients. All studies with a controlled design showed poor therapeutic outcomes that are frequently identical to the natural course. Surgical therapy should only be performed in the stable stage of the disease. This means that Peyronie's disease should have been present for at least 12 months, and the patient should not have suffered from pain or the progression of symptoms for at least 6 months. The surgical treatment modalities comprise plication procedures (Essed-Schroeder, Nesbit), plaque-incisions with grafting, and the insertion of penile implants with simultaneous correction of the curvature by "penile cracking" or incisions of the plaque.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Collagen metabolism in induratio penis plastica (IPP)].

The exact pathogenesis of Peyronie's Disease (PD) is still unknown. Histopathological investigations suggest, that the metabolism of the collogenious tissue plays an important role. Therefore, we started a prospective study in order to evaluate the metabolic situation of 11 patients with PD and 11 healthy controls. We measured biochemical parameters of penile and venous blood, which correspond to the collagen metabolism (procollagen III [P III P], PMN-elastase [PMN-E], fibronectin [FN], fibronectinreceptor [FN-R] und alpha-1-proteinase-inhibitor [alpha-1-PI]). There was no difference in PMN-E, P III P, FN and FN-R in all samples. There was no difference in penile and venous blood as well. But we found out a highly significant lower concentration of alpha-1-PI in patients with PD (158,55 mg/dl) than in controls (214,82 mg/ dl). A deficiency of alpha-1-PI can lead to a higher activity of serum proteases, such as PMN-E. This can result in a change in collagen metabolism by an increased synthesis of collagen type III, that is found in PD. This general pathophysiologic factor may be competed by an additional local alteration of the tissue.

Collagen↗
PubMed1999

[Surgical correction of penile deviation. Nesbit vs. Schroeder-Essed method].

60 patients with a marked penile deviation [40 because of a congenital penile deviation (CPD) and 20 as a result of the Peyronie's disease] were questioned about the result of the operation by means of a questionnaire in a retrospective study with an average follow-up of 45 month. The Nesbit procedure had been used with 49 of these 60 patients, the modified Schroeder-Essed technique had been used with 11 patients. There were 15 patients (25%) in all, who suffered a relapse. In spite of the continual use of non-absorbable suture material with the Schroeder-Essed technique, the number of relapses was in this group plainly higher than in the Nesbit group (55% and 18% respectively). In our opinion this is caused by the insufficient tensile strength of pure plications. Regardless of the operating method, patients suffering from IPP showed a higher number of relapses than patients having a CPD (35% and 20% respectively). The reason for this might be the fact that one can never rule out completely the possibility of a further progress of the disease. 71% of the patients in the Nesbit group were satisfied with the results of the operation, in the Schroeder-Essed group there were only 36%. Irrespective of the operating method, IPP patients complained moreoften about late complications and erection problems after the operation and were more rarely satisfied with the result than patients with a CPD (50% and 73% respectively). We put this down to the fact that patients with a CPD and patients suffering from IPP represent very different collectives as far as age structure and morbidity are concerned. IPP patients frequently have erection problems even before the operation. Especially with IPP patients, preoperative erectile disfunction must be excluded, in the case of their occurrence there are to prefer other programmes of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Postoperative function and aspects of the quality of life after Schröder-Essed technique of penile straightening].

The Schröder-Essed technique is a standard technique for correction of penile curvature. Although it has been described as a simple and rapid technique offering low morbidity, no data are available on long-term follow-up and life quality of the operated patients. In a retrospective analysis we investigated functional results and life quality (LQ) using a detailed questionnaire. From January 1994 to January 1999, 40 patients (median age 26) underwent correction of penile curvature using a slightly modified Schröder-Essed technique. We used a self-established questionnaire investigating functional and cosmetic aspects and LQ. Complete follow-up data are available in 31/40 (77.5%) patients (congenital curvature, 19 patients; Peyronie's disease, 12 patients). Median follow-up is 22 months. Degree of angulation before surgery was estimated at < 45 degrees in 5 patients, 45-90 degrees in 22 patients, and > 90 degrees in 4 patients. In 21/31 patients (67.7%) cohabitation was not possible or discomfortable. Impaired LQ due to penile curvature was reported by 26/31 patients (83.8%). After surgery, the cosmetic result was considered as good or sufficient in 25 patients. Cohabitation was possible in 25/31 patients (80.6%). Penile shortening (> 2 cm) was reported by six patients. Significant improvement of life quality was reported by 15 patients. Among the 12 patients with Peyronie's disease, 6 mentioned postoperative impaired rigidity. In two patients with Peyronie's disease penile curvature recurred. This simple operation technique offers good functional and cosmetic results. Particularly patients with congenital curvature reported good or excellent results. Patients with Peyronie's disease have to be informed about the risk of disease recurrence. Other operation techniques should be considered for these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Color Doppler appearance of penile cavernosal-spongiosal communications in patients with severe Peyronie's disease.

Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and Doppler characteristics of penile cavernosal-spongiosal communications (CSC) in patients with severe Peyronie's disease. These vessels are either anastomoses connecting the cavernosal arteries with the urethral arterial network or afferent vessels to the corpus spongiosum. Twenty patients with severe Peyronie's disease underwent penile color Doppler US after intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E(1). Study inclusion criteria were penile curvature or shortening which made intercourse difficult or impossible. The quality of erectile response was subjectively scored. The spectral characteristics of CSC were evaluated in comparison with waveform changes in cavernosal artery. There were 4 patients with normal erectile response, 10 with discrepancy in rigidity of the penile base and tip, 4 with veno-occlusive dysfunction and 2 with arteriogenic dysfunction. The CSC just proximal to the plaques had peak systolic velocity (PSV) significantly higher and resistance index (RI) significantly lower than the other CSC. The PSV in CSC near the plaques of patients with base-tip discrepancy and with veno-occlusive dysfunction were significantly higher than in the other patients. In patients with severe Peyronie's disease CSC near the plaques remain patent with low-resistance flow supporting the hypothesis that blood leakage can occur through these vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of penile curvature--how to combine the advantages of simple plication and the Nesbit-procedure by superficial excision of the tunica albuginea.

Different treatment options for penile curvature exist, such as the Nesbit procedure with complete excision of the tunica albuginea or the simple plication. We prefer a modification with only superficial excision, not opening the corpora cavernosa. From January 1997 to June 2000, 68 patients were treated surgically due to penile curvature. Data was obtained from 48 patients by telephone interview. The mean penile deviation was 46 degrees. Excision of the tunica was performed only superficially and non-absorbable inverted sutures were used. The mean follow-up time in this study was 25 months. A total of 36 (75%) patients were satisfied postoperatively, 12 were unsatisfied. Eleven (23%) patients described a complete straightening, 37 (77%) a rest-curvature of 5-50 degrees (mean 14 degrees ) and 21 (44%) described a shortening of 0.5-5 cm (mean 1.2 cm). Six patients reported a recurrence. No new erectile dysfunction occurred. Superficial excision of the tunica albuginea offers the advantage of tissue-contraction due to scarring without destroying the integrity of the corpora, leading in combination with non-absorbable inverted sutures to good functional and cosmetic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ultrasound in patients affected with Peyronie's disease.

Peyronie's disease (PD, induratio penis plastica) is uncommon. Its etiology is unknown and the incidence is stated to be 1%, although more recent data suggest that it is higher. The symptoms are penile deviation and painful erection in association with penile plaques. The diagnosis is performed by palpation of the penis. X-ray diagnostics are only used to visualize the calcified plaques in soft tissue imaging, and the survey of plaque size and consistence is done by sonography with high reproduction. This enables the exact evaluation of treatment effects. By application of high frequency scanners (7-12 MHz) the extent and depth of the plaques can be estimated non-invasively in high resolution images. Furthermore, color coded duplex sonography and recording of Doppler spectra are used to assess hemo-perfusion in the penile vessels and the analysis of erectile dysfunction, often seen in combination with PD. Sonographic diagnosis appears as a valuable supplement and requirement for a successful therapy of PD.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Ten years outcome analysis of corporeal plication for Peyronie's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term results of plication of tunica albuginea in patients with penile curvature secondary to Peyronie's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 78 men with penile curvature secondary to Peyronie's disease underwent corporeal plication over a 10 year period. To assess the long-term results, a questionnaire-based study was undertaken on 73 of these patients with a time lapse of > 6 months after the operation. The questionnaire focussed on the presence or absence of penile deformity and pain, erectile function and the ability to perform sexual intercourse. RESULTS: Follow up ranged from 3 to 109 months with a median of 51 months. The cosmetic result was good or excellent (straight or almost straight penis) in 94% by 6 months. A total of 57 replies to the questionnaire were suitable for analysis. A total of 90% patients had a satisfactory cosmetic result, whereas only 71% reported a satisfactory functional result (straight or almost straight penis on erection with pain free penetration and normal sexual intercourse) in the long-term. In patients with > 3 years follow up, the cosmetic and functional success rates were 83% and 67%, respectively, and for patients with > 5 years follow up the corresponding figures were 82% and 71%, respectively. The main causes of functional failure were pain, erectile dysfunction and persisting deformity. There were no major complications associated with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Corporeal plication is an effective surgical option for the correction of penile deformity in patients with Peyronie's disease, with good cosmetic results and acceptable functional success rate in the long-term.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Peyronie's disease: advances in basic science and pathophysiology.

Peyronie's disease is an idiopathic, localized connective tissue disorder of the penis that involves the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum and the adjacent areolar space. The tunica albuginea plays an important role in the mechanism of erection. Peyronie's disease is characterized by local changes in the collagen and elastic fiber composition of the tunica albuginea. The formation of fibrotic plaques alters penile anatomy and can cause different degrees of bending, narrowing, or shortening of the penis. Moreover, a significant number of men with Peyronie's disease develop erectile dysfunction. Penile blood flow studies in many patients with Peyronie's disease suggest a strong association with veno-occlusive dysfunction. Although long recognized as an important clinical entity of the male genitalia, the etiology of this disease has remained poorly understood. The following review focuses on recent research on the pathophysiology of Peyronie's disease.

Animals↗