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PubMed1991

[Experimental bases and prospects for the use of humic acid preparations from peat in medicine and agricultural production].

The analysis of action of physiologically active peat substances--a complex of humic acids is given. Using the pharmaco-biological tests and modelling of the diseases a high antitoxic effect of sodium humate and possibility to use it in medicine, veterinary science and animal husbandry as nonspecific pharmacy raising the organism resistance to the action of different unfavourable factors is proved.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

Growth responses of scots pine seedlings grown in peat-based media amended with natural zeolite.

Zeolite has many good features that makes it very attractive for nursery use as a growing media over others. This study was designed to investigate influence of different growing media and their mixtures (with zeolite and without zeolite) on morphological characters of scots pine seedlings. Twenty-one treatments of varying amounts of peat, fine pumice, coarse pumice, river sand, perlite and river sand were established and were sown with scots pine seeds. At the end of first growing period, 30 seedlings from each treatment were harvested and measured for height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD), root dry weight (RDW), stem dry weight (SDW) and total dry weight (TSDW). These parameters varied significantly among treatments and were lower in zeolite added media. SH negatively correlated with Na and K content and C/N ratio of growing media but positively correlated with Mn content of media. SDW and TSDW had positive correlation with N, Fe, Mn, total porosity and loss of ignition, and had negative correlation with pH, Ca, Na and K content.

Culture Media↗
PubMed2006

Surveys for natural host plants of Mansonia mosquitoes inhabiting Toh Daeng peat swamp forest, Narathiwat Province, Thailand.

Surveys were carried out monthly from April-October 2002 to examine 68 sampling sites around "Toh Daeng" peat swamp forest in Narathiwat Province, Thailand, of which 38 were known Mansonia-positive habitats and 30 were Mansonia-negative sites. The present larval surveys were qualitative owing to features of the host plants (location, distribution, and abundance), difficulties in locating and selecting the host plants in the swamp forest, and time constraints. Twenty attempts were made for each species for larvae. The presence of Mansonia larvae on each plant species was confirmed 6 times for each plant and location. Larvae of Ma. bonneae and Ma. uniformis were obtained from 18 plant species (10 families): Metroxylon sagu, Melaleuca cajuputi, Pandanus militaris, Pandanus immerses, Hanguana malayana, Typha angustifolia, Hymenachne acutigluma, Scirpodendron ghaeri, Scleria sumatrensis, Rhynchospora corymnosa, Sacclolepis indica, Cyperus babakan, Cyperus corymbosus, Lepironia articulata, Leersia hexandra, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratriotes and ferns. The emergent grasses, S. ghaeri, S. sumatrensis, H. acutigluma, R. corymnosa, S. indica, C. babakan, C. corymbosus, and L. articulata, were the preferred host plants. Samples from larger trees, M. sagu and M. cajuputi, yielded low numbers of 1-7 larvae per scraping. Ma. uniformis was recovered from most of the host plants, while Ma. bonneae preferred submerged plants and was not found on the floating aquatic plants, E. crassipes and P. stratriotes. The description of modified dipper and dipping techniques are given and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The antibacterial activity of a humic preparation made from the therapeutic peat mud of the Dzalal Abad deposit in Kirghizia].

The humic acid from the Dzhalal Abad therapeutic peat muds has been extracted to reveal the mechanisms of interaction between humic acid and microelements in therapeutic muds and to study the mud physiologically active factor. A complex compound of copper with humic and aminoacetic acids has been obtained, their physicochemical and antibacterial properties have been studied.

Humic Substances↗
PubMed1987

[Morphological and biochemical studies of the effect of the peat-derived preparation PF-290/II/2 on the development of natural lymphatic leukemia in mice].

AKR mice highly susceptible to leukemia were fed orally for 9 months every days with a water solution of peat-liking preparation PF-290/II/2 at a dose 0.2 cm3 (70 g/cm3 water). After bleeding body and internal organs weight were measured and their ratio were calculated. Anatomo-pathological lesions, histopathological and ultrastructural examinations with the use of transmission and scanning microscope, serum cobalt-activated acylase (AA-Co) activity and urine arylsulphatase (ASA) activity were performed. It was found used preparation had some anti-tumors effect of mice with lymphatic leukemia. Serum cobalt-activated acylase and urine arylsulphatase of AKR mice for observation on disease development and dynamics of this process. In the ultrastructural picture changes of lymphatic cells after outside removal of degradated complexes of intracell membranes was observed.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1993

The influence of Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) on rat liver regeneration.

The effect of Tolpa peat preparation (TPP) on the regenerative response has been examined in rats submitted to two thirds hepatectomy. The ornithine decarboxylase activity, spermidine and histamine levels, DNA and RNA content, RNA/DNA ratio and the mass of restituted liver were used to test the intensity of the regenerative processes. The action of TPP is dual: a short-term application of TPP at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day causes an inhibition of the ornithine decarboxylase activity, the decrease in spermidine formation, the levels of DNA and RNA, and liver restitution. The multiple application of TPP, on the other hand, results in a stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase, the increase in spermidine and histamine as well as RNA and DNA levels in regenerating liver; concomitantly, the liver mass tends to increase in TPP treated groups. TPP might exert its effects, at least partially, by interfering with polyamine biosynthesis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Investigations on allergogenic properties of Tołpa Peat Preparation.

The ability of Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) to induce or enhance an allergic sensitization was tested on mice and guinea pigs. The levels of IgE antibody in the mouse sera and IgG1 as well as IgE antibody levels in guinea pig sera were evaluated by PCA (Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis) tests. TPP adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel (alum) and introduced into BALB/c mice by several subcutaneous injections was unable to stimulate the noticeable anti-TPP IgE antibody response. TPP introduced together with ovalbumin (OA) into the mice in the course of immunization with OA did not enhance anti-OA IgE antibody response. TPP adsorbed on alum and injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs was unable to induce noticeable IgG1a, IgG1b and IgE antibody response, and mast cells obtained from lung and mesentery of these animals did not release histamine when challenged with TPP in vitro at 37 degrees C. In conclusion, our results show that under the experimental conditions used in the present experiments TPP was unable to induce or enhance an allergic sensitization of mice and guinea pigs.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Influence of Tołpa Peat Preparation on the IgE-induced anaphylactic reactions in mice.

The ability of Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) to affect anaphylactic sensitization and mast cell secretory function was tested in BALB/c mice treated with TPP orally for 12 days. TPP in the doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg/day reduced histamine release from mouse peritoneal mast cells challenged with anti-IgE or concanavalin A in vitro. The treatment of mice with TPP from day 1 to day 12 of immunization with Ovalbumin (OA) absorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel resulted in a decrease of antigen-induced histamine release from mast cells of these mice in vitro and in decreased IgE antibody level in their sera. TPP introduced into OA-immunized mice showing developed IgE antibody response was less effective in decreasing anaphylactic histamine release from mast cells of these mice. In all experiments low doses of TPP used for oral treatment were more effective than high doses in inhibiting anaphylactic events in the mice.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Systemic toxicity and dermal irritation of Tołpa Peat Preparation.

The systemic toxicity of the peat preparation in rats and rabbits was assessed. Dermal irritation tests were conducted on rabbits. In acute and chronic toxicity studies TPP was well tolerated in both animal species. Laboratory findings revealed no hematologic abnormalities as well as disturbances in liver and kidney function. No local irritancy of TPP was found. The results show that TPP may be considered as practically non toxic.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Studies on the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of Tołpa Peat Preparation.

Neither embryotoxic nor teratogenic effects were observed in hamsters and rats after administration of Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg daily. Some maternal toxicity in rats and some embryotoxic effect in hamsters were recorded after the highest dose of TPP (250 mg/kg daily).

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1993

The effect of Tołpa Peat Preparation on the phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils in normothermic rabbits and with pyrogen-induced fever.

The studies on normothermic rabbits show that intravenous administration of Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 3 or 6 consecutive days increases the percentage of phagocytizing cells and the number of bacteria phagocytized by a single neutrophil. The stimulated phagocytic activity of neutrophils coincides with increased nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. In contrast, a single administration of TPP to rabbits with fever induced by E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a modulating effect on the metabolic activity of neutrophils, depending on TPP dose. TPP administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg potentiates the stimulating effect of pyrogen on the percent of NBT-positive neutrophils. A tenfold increase of TPP dose (5 mg/kg) reduces the stimulating effect of LPS and a hundredfold increase (50 mg/kg) leads to total inhibition of LPS-induced changes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

The influence of long-term administration of Tołpa Peat Preparation on immune reactivity in mice. I. Morphological changes in the thymus.

In experiment I BALB/c 200 mice were given in drinking water the TPP (Tołpa Peat Preparation) in daily doses of 1, 10 and 50 mg/kg over the period of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 weeks. In experiment II before the administration of TPP (as in experiment I) mice were immunized with a single dose i.p. administration of 0.2 cm3 of a 10% suspension of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), i.e. 4 x 10(8) cells. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies have shown that TPP in all three doses causes morphological changes characteristic of thymus activity stimulation. However, the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg administered longer than 7 weeks caused retrograde changes that did not occur after administration of 1 mg/kg of TPP. Morphological changes in the thymus of immunized and non-immunized mice simultaneously receiving TPP were similar.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1993

The influence of long-term administration of Tołpa Peat Preparation on immune reactivity in mice. II. The effect of intermittent TPP administration on the morphological picture of lymphatic organs.

The studies were conducted on 200 Balb/c mice (inbred strain), aged 8 weeks. The mice were administered Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) in drinking water (10 or 50 mg/kg/day) for seven weeks (experiment I). Two lobes of the thymus, the spleen and the axillary and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice were taken for histological examinations after 3, 5 and 7 weeks of continuous TPP treatment and also 12 and 16 weeks from the beginning of the treatment. In experiment II, TPP was administered daily at the same doses for 3 weeks, and intermittently for 9 consecutive weeks; a week interval followed each seven-day cycle. The lymphatic organs of mice were taken for histological examinations after 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 weeks of TPP treatment. It was found that daily administration of TPP (as described above) to mice for 7 weeks (10 mg/kg) induced a marked stimulation of the lymphatic organs (in the first weeks of TPP treatment) and resulted in retrograde changes (depletion of thymocytes and lymphocytes) in the lymphatic structures when TPP administration was prolonged (4-7 weeks). The morphological changes due to TPP administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg were less pronounced in the organs examined. The retrograde changes in the lymphatic structures disappeared 9 weeks after TPP treatment had been stopped. Similarly, the changes showing stimulation of the lymphatic organs were maintained throughout the entire period of 9 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1993

The influence of long-term administration of Tołpa Peat Preparation on immune reactivity in mice. III. The effect on primary humoral response to sheep erythrocytes.

Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) was administered to mice in daily doses of 1, 10 and 50 mg.kg-1 for 3, 5, 7, 9 or 12 consecutive weeks. After each of the above mentioned periods the primary response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was examined by determination of the percentage of splenocytes forming E rosettes, the number of splenocytes producing anti-SRBC haemolysins of 19S and 7S type, and the level of serum haemagglutinins to SRBC (19S + 7S and 7S types). The effect of enhanced humoral response by TPP was observed in mice immunized with SRBC. This effect depended, first of all on TPP does but also on the duration of time TPP administration. The stimulating effect on the humoral response occurred after the daily dose of 1 mg.kg-1 during 12 weeks. On the other hand, the daily doses of 10 or 50 times higher enhanced the humoral response only during the first 5-7 weeks of TPP administration. Longer administration of TPP in these doses caused disappearance of this effect or reduction of the response to SRBC.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Restoration of cyclophosphamide-suppressed primary immune response in mice by Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP)--comparison with calf thymus extract.

In order to induce pharmacological immunosuppression in Balb/c mice, the animals were given cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally, 200 mg/kg 144 hours or 24 hours prior to SRBC immunization. Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) was administered in doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg on the day of immunization and then every 24 hours for 3 consecutive days. It was given both to mice cyclophosphamide-treated and non-treated. Calf thymus extract (TFX) was administered (1 and 5 mg/kg) parallelly, for comparison with TPP. The following immunologic indices were determined: percent of splenocytes forming E- and EAC-rosettes, number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) and the levels of 19S+7S and 7S anti-SRBC haemagglutinins. The immunosuppressing action of a single cyclophosphamide dose decreased the percentage of EAC rosettes, number of PFC and serum anti-SRBC haemagglutinin titre. TPP is able to restore the percent of EAC rosettes, the number of PFC and anti-SRBC haemagglutinin titre, either partially or totally, after cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. The effectiveness of TPP depends mainly on the dose and timing of cyclophosphamide administration prior to SRBC immunization. The most pronounced restoration of the cells in mice was observed with the TPP dose of 50 mg/kg after cyclophosphamide suppression 144 h before immunization. TFX (1 mg/kg) only partially restored the number of PFC and 7S anti-SRBC haemagglutinin titre, which had been depressed due to cyclophosphamide treatment 144 h prior to immunization. However, it did not change the depressing effect of cyclophosphamide on the percent of EAC rosette-forming splenocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Influence of Tołpa Peat Preparation on haemostasis in rats.

The influence of Tołpa Peat Preparation (TPP) on certain parameters of haemostasis was studied. The present results indicate that TPP (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg p.o.) had no influence on the bleeding time, clotting time, thrombin time, prothrombin time, kaolin-kephalin time, euglobulin lysis time, the concentration of fibrinogen, the platelet count and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. No changes in animals after long-term treatment with TPP (100 mg/kg for two weeks) were found either. In in vitro studies TPP given in concentrations 10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3) and 10(-2) g/cm3 was used and certain changes of the studied parameters, probably caused by the presence of high salt content in this substance, were observed.

Amino Acids↗