[Serum levels of IgE, IgA, eosinophylia and response to phytohemagglutinin in 100 girls with parasitic diseases and 50 controls].
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Child↗
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Results for “PARASITIC DISEASES”
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[Rare autochthonous parasitic diseases in dermatology].
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Dermatology↗
[Absorption of D-xylose in intestinal parasitic diseases].
In order to investigate the intestinal absorption in relation to parasitic diseases, 106 children were studied using the xylose test. All of them were attending a primary school. The height and weight were recorded, and the hemoblobin and hematocrit were estimated in each one. The examination of the stools shown one or more parasites in 57.6 per cent specimens. The E. histolytica, Hymenolepis nana and A. lumbricoides, were identified in 22.6, 21.7 and 20.7 per cent children, respectively; G lamblia was found in 10.4 per cent. Only the children with Giardia had a statistical difference in the absorption of xylose, with respect to those without parasites. At the same time height was low in comparison to a group of children with similar age and sex, selected among the 45 without parasitic diseases. Findings are discussed according to the pathogenic mechanism involved in giardiasis. Emphasis is done in the interplay of malnutrition and G. lamblia.
Child↗
[Assessment of the association of morbidity due to parasitic diseases with the inoculation of the environment with their pathogens].
The paper gives a conceptual design of field parasitological studies of the association of the inoculation of the environment with the pathogens of parasitic diseases with their spread among humans. The design includes 6 stages that reflect their object, the problems to be solved, guidelines, and expected results. It is of great importance in defining a factorial (environmental) risk for infection with the causative agents of parasitoses and in substantiating and implementing measures to protect the environment from pollution and to prevent parasitic diseases in man and animals.
Animals↗
Environmental determinants of infectious and parasitic diseases.
A review of the role of the environment as a determinant of infectious and parasitic diseases is presented. Historical considerations and the several environmental classifications of diseases are introduced. In a broader perspective the subject is analyzed in view of the emergence of the environmental health area, with its new paradigms. A review of epidemiological studies about environmental sanitation conditions and measures is presented, analyzing the conclusions derived from 256 studies. Finally, an epidemiological study carried out in Betim, Minas Gerais is briefly described, in order to illustrate the potentiality of this kind of study. Setting priorities of interventions regarding diarrhea control was the aim of this investigation. Conclusion about the role of this approach to optimize preventive measures for the control of infectious and parasitic diseases, of sound importance to the reality of the developing world, is stated.
Animals↗
[Infectious and parasitic diseases in Brazil: a decade of transition].
Brazil has been undergoing a period of epidemiological and demographic transition, which has included an improvement in the quality of death certificate registrations and major changes in the patterns of mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases. This article outlines the changes in the mortality patterns that were observed in the country and in its states during the decade of the 1980s. We used data from the Ministry of Health Mortality Information System, classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. Our analysis showed important changes in mortality patterns in Brazil. Mortality from infectious diseases decreased by 41% among men and by 44% among women. While these types of changes were especially noticeable in the states of the North and Northeast, these states still have the highest mortality rates in the country. The changes particularly affected the extreme limits of the age continuum, most especially children under 1 year of age. Within the group of infectious and parasitic diseases, we also assessed the mortality due to intestinal infectious diseases, tuberculosis, and septicemia. We found that in the 1980s there was a major decrease in the rates of mortality due to intestinal infectious diseases and to tuberculosis. However, there was an increase in the risk of death from septicemia during the decade. In conclusion, we find that the rate of mortality caused by infectious and parasitic diseases remains high in Brazil. Therefore, Brazilian health authorities still need to give priority attention to this cause of death.
Brazil↗
The office diagnosis of common intestinal parasitic diseases.
The diagnosis of parasitic infections is becoming more frequent in the ambulatory setting. This article explains collection of specimens, testing, and considerations.
Humans↗
[Gnathostomiasis: an emerging parasitic disease?].
INTRODUCTION: Human gnathostomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the ingestion of foods contaminated with the larvae of various species of Gnathostoma. This zoonosis is currently endemic in Asia and Central America. CASE REPORT: A 46-year-old French woman resident in Vietnam presented with intermittent pruritic swelling of the hand, present for one year, coupled with eosinophilia. The patient's history and serological testing confirmed the suspected diagnosis of gnathostomiasis. A favorable outcome was attained on treatment with albendazole. DISCUSSION: This case, together with several others recently reported in France and Europe, underlines the need to inform travelers and migrants to endemic regions of the risks associated with eating raw or marinated fish.
Albendazole↗
[Imaging of encephalic parasitic diseases].
We review the main cerebral parasitic diseases, with emphasis on the most frequently encountered in Europe.
Animals↗
[Mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseases in Salvador, Bahia: evolution and intra-urban differences according to living conditions].
The evolution of mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseases (IPD) and its intra-urban distribution in Salvador (Bahia) during the 1990's was analyzed in a study of time series and spatial aggregation. This data was obtained from DATASUS and from death certificates. Proportional mortality, mortality rate and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) were used for the temporal analysis. Mortality rates due to IPD stratified by a living conditions index (LCI) were analyzed in the spatial study. Between 1991 and 1995, the proportional mortality for IPD was 8.3% and the risk of dying varied between 55.9 and 34.0/100,000 inhabitants. After 1995 the variation was between 52.8 and 41.1/100,000 inhabitants. The standardized mortality ratio for infectious and parasitic diseases in 1998 was 1.3. Infectious intestinal diseases continue to be one of the principal causes of death in this group. The highest rates of mortality from IPD were concentrated in the areas of the city where the living conditions were poor. Despite the observed decline, there is still an excessive mortality rate from IPD in Salvador. The developmental model of the Country and re-emergence of some diseases could be contributing towards this pattern.
Brazil↗
Infectious and parasitic disease of captive reptiles and amphibians, with special emphasis on husbandry practices which prevent or promote diseases.
Reptiles and amphibians have been maintained in captivity for over one hundred years. The authors review the husbandry practices necessary for the optimal health of these species: for some species these are well known, while such information is lacking for other species. Infectious and parasitic diseases are presented in tabulated form, and a number of references are cited for those seeking more detailed information.
Amphibians↗
[Epidemiology of parasitic diseases in military personnel treated in the United Nations Interim Force hospital in Lebanon, from 1993 to 2000].
The study examined the incidence and prevalence of parasitic diseases among military personnel of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and local civilian population. Additionally, the authors investigated the potential risk factors, including environmental conditions, influencing the incidence of infectious diseases. Epidemiological analysis was conducted based on the medial records of patients treated in the Internal and Surgical Ward of the UNIFIL Hospital from 1993 to 2000. The patients with parasitic diseases accounted for 3.78% of all patients hospitalized during the analyzed period. The most frequent infectious diseases treated during that time were trichuriasis, ancylostomiasis, giardiasis and ascariasis.
Adult↗
Immunodeficiencies in parasitic diseases.
Immunodeficiencies linked to parasitism are mainly seen in protozoan infections. The clinical expression varies from generalized unresponsiveness to failure to mount a protective immune response, non-sterilizing immunity being the common situation in most parasite infections. Besides becoming involved with general mechanisms, such as antigenic competition and induction of suppressor cells, parasites can interfere directly in the immune networks through the release of immunomodulatory factors. Antigenic mimicry, antigenic variation at the molecular level (i.e. change in antigen sequence) or topographical level (i.e., surface versus internal expression), and deviation of the immune response towards production of non-protective and even blocking effectors provide unique models of how an infective microorganism can survive and even take advantage of the immune response of its host to reach an equilibrium between host defence and parasite escape strategies responsible for the chronicity of the infection.
Animals↗
Dealing with infectious and parasitic diseases in safari parks, roadside menageries, exotic animal auctions and rehabilitation centres.
Safari parks, roadside menageries, exotic animal auctions and wildlife rehabilitation centres exist world-wide, and serve as sites of wild animal concentrations. When these animals are brought together, the potential is great for the spread and eventual outbreak of many different infectious and parasitic diseases. It is therefore necessary that procedures be developed in these facilities to minimize the risk of occurrence and spread of these diseases. This will require financial resources for professional personnel, diagnostic testing and appropriate facility design.
Animal Welfare↗
Parasitic diseases: opportunities and challenges in the 21st century.
The opportunities and challenges for the study and control of parasitic diseases in the 21st century are both exciting and daunting. Based on the contributions from this field over the last part of the 20th century, we should expect new biologic concepts will continue to come from this discipline to enrich the general area of biomedical research. The general nature of such a broad category of infections is difficult to distill, but they often depend on well-orchestrated, complex life cycles and they often involve chronic, relatively well-balanced host/parasite relationships. Such characteristics force biological systems to their limits, and this may be why studies of these diseases have made fundamental contributions to molecular biology, cell biology and immunology. However, if these findings are to continue apace, parasitologists must capitalize on the new findings being generated though genomics, bioinformatics, proteomics, and genetic manipulations of both host and parasite. Furthermore, they must do so based on sound biological insights and the use of hypothesis-driven studies of these complex systems. A major challenge over the next century will be to capitalize on these new findings and translate them into successful, sustainable strategies for control, elimination and eradication of the parasitic diseases that pose major public health threats to the physical and cognitive development and health of so many people worldwide.
Allergy and Immunology↗
[Intestinal parasitic diseases in HIV-infected patients in Uzbekistan].
Intestinal parasitic diseases were diagnosed in 100 HIV-infected patients at different stages of disease (its asymptomatic form, persistent generalized lymphoadenopathy, pre-AIDS, and AIDS) (Group 1), 100 Tashkent residents (Group 2), and 349 patients with gastrointestinal diseases, allergic dermatoses, and skin depigmentation foci (Group 3). The HIV-infected patients were found to have virtually all parasites, such as Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Chilomastix mesnili, Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Endolimax nana, Blastocystis hominis, Enlerobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, detectable in the population of Tashkent. The highest infestation with intestinal protozoa, including nonpathogenic amoebas and helmninths, was found in Groups 1 and 3. However, in all the forms of HIV infection, the infestation with E. histolytical/dispar was 10 times greater than that in Groups 2 and 3 (1% and 0.8%, respectively). G. lamblia was detected in 16, 21, and 45.2% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In all the HIV-infected patients, the content of CD8 lymphocytes was increased, but that of CD20 lymphocytes was normal. Parasites were detectable with different levels of CD4 lymphocytes, but C. parvum was found only if its count was > 200/ml. In the HIV-infected patients, the hyperproduction of IgE was caused mainly by helminths rather than protozoa. In these patients, the increased level of IgE was also noted in the absence of parasites.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Potential gains in life expectancy of Kuwaiti nationals through partial and complete elimination of infectious and parasitic disease mortality.
This study attempts to estimate potential gains in life expectancy in 1984 through partial and complete elimination of infectious and parasitic diseases among Kuwaiti nationals. For deriving these estimates, a multiple decrement life table approach was applied. The results of the study show that complete elimination of infectious and parasitic disease mortality would further add 0.45 years to the life expectancy at birth of Kuwaiti males and 0.54 yr to that of Kuwaiti females. A partial reduction by 50% would result in gains of just one-half of the years gained through complete elimination of these causes. Also, as partial reduction is increased from 10% to 90%, the gains in life expectancy at birth would go up from 0.04 yr to 0.40 yr in the case of Kuwaiti males and 0.06 to 0.48 yr for Kuwaiti females.
Age Factors↗
Assessing the contribution of age-sex differentials in causes of death due to infectious and parasitic diseases to the trends in age-sex differentials in life expectancy in Mauritius.
This study applies two methodologies to Mauritian life tables and cause-of-death data: (1) the decomposition of sex differentials in life expectancy using Arriaga's approach and (2) the estimation of the effect of marginal reduction in deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases on life expectancy using Keyfitz's methodology on cause-specific entropy and that of Nanjo. The findings in this paper support earlier findings about the importance of the period 1969-1976 in the mortality transition in Mauritius, a period in which sex differentials in life expectancies reached a peak level. The results suggest that the driving force behind those sex differentials in life expectancy was the sex differential in mortality in infectious and parasitic diseases, first among the young (ages below 10 years) and second among the older population (ages above 50 years). If the decline in mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseases was differentially greater in the older ages compared to the younger ages, that difference would have gone a long way toward reducing the magnitude of the historic peak sex differential in life expectancy achieved in 1976.
Adolescent↗