Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ovulation Detection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical evaluation of the equine endometrium during the oestrous cycle.

Endometrial biopsies were obtained from four mares during consecutive oestrous cycles on the first day of oestrus, on the day when ovulation was detected, and four and eight days after ovulation. Cycle stages were confirmed by means of rectal palpation, ultrasonography and plasma progesterone determination. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the formalin fixed biopsy specimens was performed using a peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A-, IgM-, IgG(Fc)- and IgG(T)-containing cells were detected in all biopsies; with IgA- and IgG(Fc)-containing cells generally predominating. There was no cyclical trend of Ig-containing cell numbers for any isotype. Free immunoglobulins of the four classes evaluated were frequently seen in luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and secretions, and interstitium. This study of endometrial biopsies from a limited number of cycling mares suggests the presence in the equine endometrium of free and intracellular immunoglobulins of the classes A, M, G(Fc) and G(T) without any apparent cyclical trend.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Ovulation-inducing factor in the seminal plasma of alpacas and llamas.

Studies were conducted to document the existence of an ovulation-inducing factor in the seminal plasma of alpacas (experiment 1) and llamas (experiment 2) and to determine if the effect is mediated via the pituitary (experiment 3). In experiment 1, female alpacas (n = 14 per group) were given alpaca seminal plasma or saline intramuscularly or by intrauterine infusion. Only alpacas that were given seminal plasma i.m. ovulated (13/ 14, 93%; P < 0.01). In experiment 2, ovulation was detected in 9/10 (90%) llamas at a mean of 29.3 +/- 0.7 h after seminal plasma treatment. Plasma progesterone concentrations were maximal by Day 9 and were at nadir by Day 12 posttreatment. In experiment 3, female llamas were given llama seminal plasma, GnRH, or saline i.m., and ovulation was detected in 6/6, 5/ 6, and 0/6 llamas, respectively (P < 0.001). Treatment was followed by a surge (P < 0.01) in plasma LH concentration beginning 15 min and 75 min after treatment with GnRH and seminal plasma, respectively. Plasma LH remained elevated longer in the seminal plasma group (P < 0.05) and had not yet declined to pretreatment levels after 8 h. Compared with the GnRH group, corpus luteum tended to grow longer and to a greater diameter (P = 0.1) and plasma progesterone concentration was twice as high in the seminal plasma group (P < 0.01). Results document the existence of a potent factor in the seminal plasma of alpacas and llamas that elicited a surge in circulating concentrations of LH and induced an ovulatory and luteotropic response.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Use of an immediate, qualitative progesterone assay for determination of day of ovulation in an equine embryo transfer program.

An immediate, qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for progesterone was evaluated for use in determining the day of ovulation in an equine embryo transfer program. Plasma samples were collected from 27 mares from the third day of estrus to the second day of diestrus for 50 cycles. Ovulation was detected by ultrasound examination per rectum. Plasma progesterone concentrations were estimated using the qualitative assay to detect the time of the rise in progesterone after ovulation. Qualitative scores were compared to progesterone concentrations for the same samples as measured by a quantitative ELISA; the correlation between the two methods, expressed as a contingency coefficient, was 0.56. The accuracy of determining day of ovulation using qualitative progesterone results was compared to that achieved using the quantitative assay or detection of the first day of diestrus by teasing. Accuracy in determining day of ovulation +/- 1 d using the three methods was qualitative, 36/50 (72%); quantitative, 44/50 (88%); and teasing, 43/50 (86%). There was a significant difference in accuracy between the qualitative and quantitative progesterone assays (P<0.05).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Timing of ovulation by determination of the urinary luteinizing hormone surge with an enzyme-linked monoclonal antibody dipstick (OvuStick).

An enzyme-linked double monoclonal antibody dipstick for measuring luteinizing hormone in urine was tested for timing ovulation in thrice daily urine samples collected for several days around mid-cycle in 24 women undergoing artificial insemination. The assay produced information comparable to single daily serum LH measurements. The dipsticks could be used by untrained people to test their own urine as an aid to the detection of ovulation for the timing of artificial insemination or of sexual intercourse to promote or avoid conception.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between indicators of the fertile period of the menstrual cycle and ultrasonically-determined ovulation].

The authors intend to verify the reliability of some indices set up for the assessment of the fertile period of the menstrual cycle in women. The patterns of the following indices were studied and related to the day of ovulation, as detected by pelvic ultrasonography, in 42 cycles in healty women: the urinary surge of luteinising hormone tested by radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.), urinary surges of estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3-G) and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide (Pd-3-alpha-G) tested by chemiluminescence immunoassay, cervical mucus at the vulva and basal body temperature (B.B.T.) recorded by self-observation. The patterns of these parameters have shown a various temporal relationship and reliability for detection of the fertile days of the menstrual cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Differential expression of extracellular matrix components in the bovine oviduct during the oestrous cycle.

Components of the extracellular matrix take part in tissue rebuilding as well as activating surface-bound growth factors. In the present study, expression and selected activities of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their inhibitors (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)) were examined in bovine oviducts by RT--PCR, ribonuclease protection assay and activity assays. A high content of mRNA encoding for uPA was detected before ovulation with a three-fold decrease after ovulation. In contrast, PAI-1 expression appeared to be stable during the oestrous cycle. Oviductal flushings produced caseinolytic zones in zymograms containing plasminogen at approximately 50 kDa and 28 kDa. An activity assay for uPA showed highest net activity during the early to mid-luteal phase. Increased TIMP-1 and MMP-2 mRNA concentrations were found around the time of ovulation compared with the luteal phase. In contrast, MMP-1 mRNA transcripts were enriched during the early to mid-luteal phase. Gelatin zymograms detected a 70--72 kDa protease activity showing an oestrous cycle-dependent activity with highest activity before ovulation. Reverse zymography detecting TIMPs revealed proteins between 21 kDa and 24 kDa. Only for the smallest (21 kDa) protein were amounts increased around the time of ovulation compared with the luteal phase. The observation that several extracellular matrix components were regulated distinctly in bovine oviducts indicates that local interactions between these components, growth factors, gametes and the embryo are possible and may influence fertilization and early embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Recruitment of pregnant women for self-examination of the postpartum return of fertility.

In our health center we use breastfeeding in teaching natural family planning (NFP) to mothers. Our objective is for the women to detect the signs of returning fertility before ovulation. Breastfeeding is a factor in amenorrhea. All pregnant women attending our health center are invited to follow our course on maternal education from the 7th month of pregnancy. We inform them of the factors that influence the return of fertility and the signs of returning fertility, and urge the women to attend a course from the 20th day after childbirth. Since the beginning of June we have had a 30% participation rate by new mothers in the postpartum course. We have observed a new or strengthened desire to breastfeed and to observe the signs of fertility.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1990

Intrauterine insemination does and clomiphene citrate does not improve fecundity in couples with infertility due to male or idiopathic factors: a prospective, randomized, controlled study.

In the present prospective study we compared, in terms of pregnancy rates, the differences between intrauterine insemination (IUI) of in vitro capacitated husband's semen and timed natural intercourse in spontaneous or clomiphene citrate (CC) stimulated cycles. A rapid urinary luteinizing hormone peak detection test was used for timing of ovulation. Forty patients suffering from longstanding infertility of male (n = 17), cervical (n = 2), and idiopathic (n = 21) origin were randomly assigned into four distinct treatment modalities during 4 consecutive cycles. A total of 132 cycles were analyzed. In 35 cycles treated with CC plus IUI, five conceptions were achieved, whereas three pregnancies occurred in 32 inseminated spontaneous cycles. Only 1 patient conceived after timed intercourse in 31 CC stimulated cycles, and no pregnancy resulted from 34 spontaneous cycles combined with timed intercourse. There was a statistically significant higher conception rate in cycles in which IUI was performed, whereas the use of CC does not seem to improve the pregnancy rate. Analysis of results for other modifying factors did not substantially affect the relative risk (odds ratio) of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of reproductive status and management on cortisol secretion and fertility of oestrous horse mares.

Stressful events may contribute to low reproductive efficiency due to glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of hormone secretion in a variety of species. We therefore investigated effects of stress related to management of mares around artificial insemination on secretion of cortisol and fertility parameters. To avoid further disturbance of mares by frequent blood sampling, faecal cortisol metabolites (fCM) were determined instead (sample collection at 8-h intervals). A total of 50 mares (16 maiden, 17 barren, 12 foaling, 5 teaching mares) were included in the study. Mares were brought to the AI centre in vans or trailers (driving time between 30 min and 5 h). Teaching mares were housed in the clinic and had therefore not to be transported. Mares were inseminated either with fresh/cooled-shipped or frozen semen. Rectal palpations and ultrasound examinations were performed at 24- to 48-h intervals, in animals inseminated with frozen semen at 6-h intervals during the last 48 h before ovulation. In maiden, barren and foaling mares, fCM concentrations in faeces tended to be higher than in teaching mares at all times after arrival at the AI centre. At 24 and 48 h after arrival, fCM concentrations in maiden mares were significantly higher than in teaching mares (24h: maiden mares 12.3+/-3.1 ng/g, barren mares 8.5+/-1.2 ng/g, foaling mares 11.0+/-2.4 ng/g, teaching mares 3.8+/-0.6 ng/g, p<0.05). The time from arrival at the AI centre to detection of ovulation did not differ among the different groups of mares and was 4.5+/-0.4, 5.0+/-0.5, 3.8+/-0.5 and 5.6+/-0.9 days in maiden, barren, foaling and teaching mares, respectively (n.s.). Pregnancy rates were 53, 53, 55 and 60%, respectively (n.s.). The time from arrival at the AI centre to detection of ovulation was 4.4+/-0.3 days and 4.9+/-0.3 days in mares inseminated with fresh/shipped (n=39) or frozen semen (n=11; n.s.), respectively. The frequency of follicular checks influenced fCM secretion and was statistically significant at 16 h before ovulation (fresh/shipped semen: fCM 6.9+/-0.7 ng/g faeces, frozen semen: fCM 16.9+/-5.2 ng/g faeces, p<0.01). In the mare, gynaecological examinations seem to act as stressors and may increase cortisol secretion. However, this does not negatively influence fertility and in animals familiar with that procedure fCM concentrations are not elevated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Detection of the ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge with a semiquantitative urinary LH assay.

We examined blood concentrations of ovarian steroid hormones (E2, P) and serum LH concentrations to establish that the Ovu-STICK assay reliably reflects endocrine events in the periovulatory period. In all 16 cycles studied, which included 2 cycles in which the women received CC, the ovulatory surge of LH was detected with the use of the Ovu-STICK assay. In contrast, BBT monitoring correctly predicted the ovulatory event in only half the cycles.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed2003

Urinary-based ovulation and pregnancy: point-of-care testing.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature concerning ovulation prediction devices and pregnancy detection tests for home use. DATA SOURCES: Articles were identified through searches of the MEDLINE (1966-May 2003), EMBASE (1980-May 2003), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2003) databases using the key words ovulation, ovulation detection, pregnancy test, diagnostic reagent kit, and diagnostic test. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of the articles found in the literature search. Searches were not limited by time restriction, language, or use of human or animal subjects. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Review articles, textbook chapters, and experimental and observational studies on home use ovulation and pregnancy tests were selected. DATA SYNTHESIS: Luteinizing hormone (LH)-based ovulation tests have demonstrated accurate and superior ovulation detection when compared to basal body temperature charting, calendar calculation, salivary ferning, or observation of vaginal or cervical discharge changes. Systems using LH and estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G) have also demonstrated accurate detection of the fertile period. Literature evaluating home use of pregnancy tests has demonstrated accurate use by lay persons. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary-based ovulation prediction and pregnancy detection tests available for use by nonprofessionals enable women and couples to take an active role in the family planning process. Numerous products are available at reasonable costs to the consumer.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Behavioral estrous signs can predict the time of ovulation in mithun (Bos frontalis).

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of different behavioral estrous signs and time of ovulation to identify if behavioral estrous sign(s) can be used as predictor of time of ovulation in mithuns. Data were collected for 54 ovulations from 16 mithuns. The animals were monitored for onset of estrus by observing different behavioral estrous signs at 2 h interval and bull parading thrice a day for 30 min and were further confirmed by plasma progesterone profile. All animals were also observed for any of the estrous signs at every 2 h interval for 30 min and mounting behavior was studied by bull parading at every 2 h for 30 min after onset of estrus. Time of ovulation was detected by rectal palpation at 2 h interval from onset of estrus till ovulation. Behavioral signs of estrus was more intense in primiparous than multiparous mithuns. Ovulation occurred at 26.1+/-1.1 h (ranging between 20 and 31 h) after the onset of estrus. As the method used to determine the onset of estrus is time consuming, labor intensive and no device is yet available to detect onset of estrus automatically, so this cannot be used practically as a predictor of time of ovulation. The mithun cow at estrus to be mounted by bull was recorded in all cases (100%). Ovulation occurred 23.5+/-1.5 h (ranging between 19 and 27 h) after first mounting. Although promising, mounting cannot be assessed automatically, which limits its practical use as a predictor of ovulation. Standing heat was recorded in 98.1% of total estrus studied in mithun cows and ovulation occurred 21.8+/-1.3 h (ranging between 19 and 25 h) after first observed standing heat. Standing heat can be detected automatically using mounting detectors. Hence, standing heat can be used practically as ovulation predictor in mithuns. In conclusion, cow to be mounted by mithun bull is the best predictor of ovulation, but non-availability of devices to detect it automatically restricts its practical application. Standing heat that recorded 98.1% estrus cases in mithun cows, can also be detected automatically using mounting detector, therefore be used widely as an ovulation predictor in field condition for mithun cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ovarian synchrony factor: a new ultrasound parameter in the prognosis of follicular rupture.

The present study was carried out to present a new ultrasound parameter used in stimulated cycles and called the ovarian synchrony factor (OSF), which reflects the response of the total follicular cohort. It is calculated from the formula: OSF = (total no. of follicles > or = 16 mm)/(total no. of follicles > or = 10 mm). OSF was determined on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration (indicated when at least one follicle was > or = 16 mm) by measuring the widest follicular diameters with an ATL ultrasound apparatus model Ultramark 4, with a 5.0 MHz vaginal transducer, in a total of 221 cycles stimulated for non-invasive assisted reproduction techniques (i.e. no oocyte retrieval). A new ultrasound examination was performed 56-60 h after HCG administration to determine the possible presence of follicular rupture indicated by the disappearance of the follicular image and/or a > 5 mm decrease in the widest follicular diameter. The mean OSF in the group of patients with rupture of at least one follicle (195 cycles) was mean +/- SD, 0.57 +/- 0.25, as opposed to a mean +/- SD of 0.39 +/- 0.25 for the group without follicular rupture (26 cycles). The Mann-Whitney test showed that the OSF of the group with follicular rupture was significantly higher than that detected in the group without follicular rupture (P < 0.01). This information suggests that ovarian stimulation protocols should produce a synchronous follicular response (an OSF as close as possible to 1), i.e. that the follicular lots developing in both ovaries should not vary widely in size. This follicular homogeneity should facilitate the follicular rupture process.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Correlation between plasma progesterone and ultrasonographic detection of corpus luteum in ovulatory cycles].

The ultrasound detection of corpus luteum in the midluteal phase of ovulatory cycles was associated with significantly higher levels of plasma progesterone, opposed to those patients where a corpus luteum could not be identified. The hormone level was directly proportional no the number of corpora lutea seen. However, only 33.3% o patients with no corpus luteum visible were found to have suboptimal plasma progesterone levels (< 10 ng/ml).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ultrasonographic monitoring of follicular development, ovulation and the early luteal phase in the bitch.

Follicular development, ovulation and the early luteal phase in 15 oestrous cycles of 13 individual bitches were monitored daily by ultrasonography using a 7.5 MHz sector scanner transducer. These findings were compared with vaginal cytology and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone. Both ovaries were imaged throughout the period of study. Follicles were identified as anechoic spherical structures as early as day 1 of pro-oestrus in two cases and on days 3-4 in 13 cases. The average follicular size increased from 3.7 +/- 0.6 mm to 6.9 +/- 0.7 mm (P < 0.001) between day -5 and the LH surge (day 0). The anechoic structures then increased in size to 7.5 +/- 0.7 mm (P < 0.05) until day 2 after the LH surge; their diameters continued to increase during corpus luteum development, up to 8.1 +/- 0.6 mm (P < 0.001) on the first day of dioestrus. The average number of follicles counted imaged on the day of the LH surge was 3.3 +/- 0.4 on the left ovary and 3.7 +/- 0.7 on the right ovary. The rapid disappearance of the anechoic antrum, corresponding to ovulation, was detected in only two bitches. In the remaining cases follicular rupture was not detected; however, starting at the LH surge, a gradual thickening of the antral wall occurred. This corresponded to a progressive obliteration of the anechoic region and was characteristic of the postovulatory corpora lutea. These changes led to a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of anechoic structures to 2.4 +/- 0.5 on the left ovary and 3.3 +/- 0.5 on the right ovary by day 1 of dioestrus. During the follicular phase, the mean increase in oestradiol concentration was correlated with follicular size (P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of the postcoital test in cycles involving exogenous gonadotropins.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that a postcoital test, optimally performed in the periovulatory period of cycles in which gonadotropin-induced superovulation was used, correlates with cycle fecundity. METHODS: Of 1135 total consecutive cycles, 367 first cycles were analyzed from the reproductive endocrinology and infertility service of a university medical center. This referral population had a mean age of 34.6 years for the female partner, a nulliparity rate of 81%, and a mean length of infertility of 4.8 years. Postcoital tests were performed 36-40 hours after hCG administration in gonadotropin-stimulated cycles. Clinical pregnancy was defined as fetal cardiac activity as seen on transvaginal ultrasound examination. RESULTS: Couples with no sperm observed per high-power field in the cervical mucus achieved a 16% fecundity rate (21 pregnancies in 129 cycles), one to ten sperm a 18% fecundity rate (28 pregnancies in 154 cycles), and more than ten sperm a 15% fecundity rate (13 pregnancies in 84 cycles). There was no significant difference between groups (n = 367, P = .85); the power to detect a statistically significant difference was .82. As validation of optimal cervical mucus, fecundity rates were compared with these postcoital test values across the entire range of peak periovulatory serum estrogen levels, and no correlation was seen (P = .61, .86, and .96 for estrogen levels of 201-500, 501-1500, and 1501-3433 pg/mL, respectively). CONCLUSION: With precise periovulatory timing and supraphysiologic estrogen levels optimizing qualitative cervical mucus characteristics in gonadotropin-induced cycles, the number of sperm observed per high-power field does not correlate with cycle fecundity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Value in gynecology of transvaginal pulsed and color Doppler. Study of ovarian vascularization].

Recently, pulsed Doppler has become available on high resolution vaginal ultrasound probes for studying ovarian blood flow. Doppler studies of ovarian blood flow are based on: semiquantitative analysis of Doppler flow waves recorded over the ovarian artery at its entry into the ovary; color Doppler mapping of intraovarian vessels. Semiquantitative analysis of the ovarian artery Doppler flow waves suffers from frequent difficulties at properly identifying the ovarian artery, particularly in multiparous women. Mapping of intraovarian vessels however, appears a most promising feature of vaginal Doppler for studying ovarian blood flow, provided that the proper ultrasound equipment is used. Specifically, transvaginal color Doppler mapping of intraovarian vessels allows for a positive visual detection of the onset of the ovulatory process prior to the actual follicular rupture. Thus, color Doppler mapping of ovarian vessels permits an improved and simplified approach for timing intercourses and inseminations in infertility patients. In controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) used for in vitro fertilization (IVF), mapping of intraovarian vessels by color Doppler offers a fascinating new insight into normal and pathological responses of ovarian follicles to hCG. Finely, color Doppler appears a very promising asset to transvaginal ultrasounds for sorting suspicious ovarian cysts from their benign counter parts. In conclusion, we think that vaginal Doppler should be considered as a marvelous refinement of ultrasounds rather than as a truly new diagnostic tool. Yet vaginal color Doppler carries the potential for markedly improving the sensitivity and the specificity of vaginal ultrasound, particularly for diagnosing benign from potentially malignant ovarian conditions.

Arteries↗