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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Clonal origin of leukemia: site of origin in the stem cell hierarchy and the significance of chromosomal changes.

Human leukemias and related diseases appear to be clonal in nature. In certain diseases, the initial cell involved is most likely the totipotential hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), i.e., the stem cell capable of giving rise to all hematopoietic cells, lymphoid as well as myeloid. In other diseases, an HSC of more restricted potentiality may be the primary cell producing the disease but, alternatively, all could arise from the totipotential cell. Cells in the clone are often identifiable by the presence of morphologic or chromosomal abnormalities, but in a given clone all cells may not express the abnormalities. In some but not in all patients who have been studied, residual normal HSC have been detected that are not part of the clone. Our current therapeutic attempts designed to cure at least some of these diseases are based on the concept of "total cell kill.' In order to achieve this goal, the clone of tumor cells must be eradicated. To monitor this attempt and carry out therapy in a more scientific fashion, better means of identifying all cells in the clone are needed. If the disease involves the totipotential HSC, for which we assume there is no precursor cell in postfetal life, then there must be residual, normal HSC or the disease cannot be eradicated in this manner without also eradicating the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Pediculated labial ureteroplasty: an original treatment procedure for ureteral lesions of obstetric origin].

Destruction of the urethra is the most severe complication of pregnancy-related vesicovaginal fistula. Although uncommon in Europe, pregnancy-related urethral destruction is still observed in Africa. In this study we describe our experience with a new reconstruction technique using a pedunculated skin flap raised from the labia majora. Between January 1992 and June 1996 we treated 35 patients in the Urology Department of Niamey Hospital in Niger. All patients were black. Mean age was 18 years and mean follow-up was 19 months. Two plasty techniques were used, i.e. extension (16 cases) and tubulisation (19 cases). Urinary incontinence was treated using a suburethral loop system created using a fatty flap taken from the labia majora (Martius method). Urethrocervico-suspension of the vagina was necessary in 6 cases. Normal micturition with no leakage was obtained in 24 patients (68.6%) and functional improvement in 6 cases (17.1%) Treatment failed in 5 cases (4.2%). In comparison with previously reported techniques, urethral reconstruction using a pedunculated labial flap and suburethral looping system allows successful treatment of pregnancy-related urethral destruction in 70% of cases. This technique is particularly well suited for use in developing countries where occurrence of this complication is most frequent. However even with the greatest skill, creation of a physiologically perfect closure system is currently impossible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[The role of LDL in the origin and progression of atherosclerosis: pathobiological concepts on the origin and development of atherosclerotic lesions and the role of the endothelium].

The existence of a causal relation between elevated cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis is now considered an established fact, while cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship begin only now to be unravelled. The first stage of atherosclerosis development is the fatty streak, a focal accumulation of blood-derived lipid-laden macrophages in the arterial intima. The endothelium, which plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, undergoes major functional changes under the influence of "oxidized" and "minimally-modified"-LDL, able to promote "endothelial activation", with the expression of adhesion molecules and chemoattractants for monocytes. Endothelial activation seems to be the transducer of atherogenic signals in the first stages of development of atherosclerosis. LDL also play a further crucial role in the progression and the instabilization of the plaque, and in the pathogenesis of functional changes of vasomotor tone.

Adolescent↗