[The obsessional personality].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Compulsive Behavior↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Obsessive Behavior”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Semiology, nosology and criteria for tic disorders.
Precise description of the signs, symptoms, classification and criteria for Tic Disorder and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is important to reduce heterogeneity in studies and to develop hypotheses about the pathophysiology of these disorders. Previous diagnostic categories and criteria for Tic Disorders and GTS in DSM-III and ICD-9 were derived from our study of 114 consecutive patients, questionnaire responses by 31 patients and data on 76 patients from 8 published reports. During the past 20 years we have evaluated 1490 patients for movement disorders, of whom 1210 had GTS and 137 had another tic disorder. Analysis of these data and review of the literature serve as the basis for proposed revision of the signs, symptoms, nosology and criteria for Tic Disorders and GTS.
Compulsive Behavior↗
[Behavior of the patient with functional colon disease: types, analytical methods and therapeutic significance].
A proper clinical examination should provide psychological data that enriches the patient-physician relationship. Video recording and its analysis do not disturb the patient and provide for objective awareness. This technique confirms the idea that the behaviour and psychological structure of the colopath fall into two major and basic types: compulsive obsessionals and hysterophobics, types that should lead the practitioner to provide different sorts of psychological care. This care can form the basis for the treatment of the colopath.
Behavior↗
Morbid jealousy featuring as obsessive-compulsive neurosis: treatment by behavioral psychotherapy.
Morbid jealousy can occasionally be indistinguishable from obsessive-compulsive neurosis and then be partially amenable to broad-spectrum behavioural treatment. This can involve the partner and includes (a) methods to reduce jealousy and (b) other methods where appropriate, such as social skills training, and sex and marital therapy. This pilot study describes such treatment of four jealous out-patients. Rituals improved in three patients but ruminations in only one. Of three patients who were depressed at the start of treatment, two improved in rituals and in mood. The patient who failed was poorly motivated and did not comply with treatment.
Adult↗
[Ambulatory behavior therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorders].
The term Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a label for a variety of syndromes with changing symptom configurations and different intraindividual as well as interactional functions. They are among the most difficult to treat psychiatric disorders. Heterogeneous variables affecting personal development in family, school, and peer-group, as well as genetic or brain organic variables contribute to the development of obsessions and compulsions. In more than 50% of patients with OCD we find one or more of the following disturbances before the outbreak of the disorder: low self-esteem; social deficits; increased anxiety level with increased, latent aggressiveness; striving for 100% security. Behaviour therapy today is the "treatment of choice" for OCD--both in respect of direct symptom reduction as well as the treatment of "causes", co-morbidity and risk factors. Additionally to the use of highly standardised "symptom techniques" individualized, multimodal treatment is necessary in the more severely disturbed patients. Long-term follow-up results show 50-80% success--probably depending on variations in the study samples regarding the type of obsessions and compulsions, the degree of developmental deficits before the occurrence of OCD, actual co-morbidity, and professional as well as private life conditions. Whether and to what degree additional psychotropic medication can enhance the efficacy of behaviour therapy, and whether the high relapse rates of 70% after discontinuation of previously successful drug treatment can be reduced by concomitant or subsequent behaviour therapy, cannot be safely concluded from the currently available studies. Are the non-responders in each of these treatments the responders of the non-responders in the alternative treatment mode?
Ambulatory Care↗
Personality characteristics and intention to self-harm: a study of eating disordered patients.
The purpose of this study was to examine certain psychological and behavioral differences between anorexic (AN) and bulimic (BN) patients (n = 78 and 75, respectively) who either had or had not reported an urge to self-harm. The debate concerning whether self-injurious behaviors are more appropriately viewed as obsessive-compulsive behaviors or more closely connected to impulse control disorders like alcohol and drug addiction gave rise to the questions examined in this study. We found no frequency differences between the two patient groups in intention to self-harm. We also found that obsessive-compulsive symptoms and addictive personality characteristics were greater in those with an urge to self-harm. These findings support the view that impulsivity and compulsivity are independent dimensions that can both co-exist in the same individual, and that both are more prominent in those with an intention to self-harm.
Journal Article↗
Seizure possibly associated with fluvoxamine.
OBJECTIVE: To inform clinicians of the possibility that seizures due to therapeutic doses of fluvoxamine may not be as rare as previously considered. CASE SUMMARY: A 49-year-old white man with schizoaffective disorder and a past history of seizures secondary to head trauma had been seizure-free for approximately 10 years. Fluvoxamine therapy was begun due to increasing obsessive-compulsive behavior. Despite receiving anticonvulsants for his mood disorder, the patient had a breakthrough seizure. There were no underlying medical conditions that might have induced this seizure. No further seizures occurred after he was placed on a higher dosage of the anticonvulsants. The obsessive-compulsive behavior improved considerably as a result of fluvoxamine treatment. DISCUSSION: The patient presented here developed a seizure with a therapeutic dosage of fluvoxamine; seizures associated with this agent have occurred more often with overdose. Multiple factors such as a prior history of seizures, head trauma, and concurrent treatment with other psychotropic agents are considered in this case report. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relatively safe and benign adverse effect profile of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors such as fluvoxamine, clinicians should be cautious about seizures as an adverse effect, especially when the patient has even a remote history of seizure or head trauma.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
Symptom presentation and outcome of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Previous researchers have classified obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients by the themes of their obsessions and compulsions (e.g., washing, checking); however, mental compulsions have not been adequately assessed in these studies. The authors conducted 2 studies using a large sample of OCD patients (N=132). In the 1st study, they categorized patients on the basis of symptom presentation, giving adequate consideration to mental compulsions. Five patient clusters were identified: harming, contamination, hoarding, unacceptable thoughts, and symmetry. Mental compulsions were most prevalent among patients with intrusive, upsetting religious, violent, or sexual thoughts. In the 2nd study, they compared response to cognitive-behavioral therapy across symptom categories, finding poorer outcomes among patients with hoarding symptoms compared with those with other symptom themes.
Adolescent↗
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette's Syndrome.
Obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) or full-blown obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) afflict more than 50% of patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and often are more debilitating than the tic disorder itself. Medications for OCD, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), help patients with TS and OCD, particularly in combination with low-dose antipsychotic drugs, but seldom eliminate OCD entirely. Behavioral therapies are more effective as medications for the treatment of OCD. A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and medication is the treatment of choice for most patients with TS and OCD.
Journal Article↗
Comparison of neuropsychiatric side effects in an observational cohort of efavirenz- and protease inhibitor-treated patients.
PURPOSE: To compare the extent of neuropsychiatric disturbances in two similar groups of HIV-infected patients treated for >4 weeks with either efavirenz (EFV) or protease inhibitors (PIs) as part of their antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHOD: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based cohort of HIV patients who received two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors combined with either EFV (n = 75) or one or more PIs (n = 77) for at least 4 weeks and were tolerating therapy. The extent of neuropsychiatric disturbances was evaluated based on self-reported symptoms using the psychological evaluation test SCL-90-R. Treatment duration was broken down into quartiles of 30-198 days, >198-365 days, >365-637 days, and >637 days. RESULTS: In the first 6 months of therapy, significantly higher (worse) scores were seen in 39/75 (52%) of the patients receiving EFV. The EFV-treated group had significantly higher scores for somatization, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behavior, the Global Severity Index, and the Positive Symptom Distress Index, with trends for higher scores in paranoid ideation and depression symptom subcategories. Over the following 6 to 12 months of therapy, the EFV group scored higher than the PI group in somatization, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behavior, hostility, depression, the Global Severity Index, and the Positive Symptom Total, but the differences were not significant. After 12 months of therapy, the EFV group had significantly lower scores than the PI group for somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, Global Severity Index, and Positive Symptom Total. CONCLUSION: EFV-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms can last up to 200 days after treatment initiation. However, symptom severity appears to decline over time in EFV-treated patients versus patients treated with a PI-based ART.
Adult↗
THE PROGNOSIS IN OBSESSIONAL ILLNESS. A FOLLOW-UP STUDY.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
THE PROGNOSIS IN OBSESSIONAL ILLNESS. A FOLLOW-UP STUDY.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Behavioral treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Behavior Therapy↗
Exposure with response prevention and serotonergic antidepressants in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: a review and implications for interdisciplinary treatment.
A comprehensive review of controlled investigations examining the effectiveness of exposure with response prevention (ERP) and clomipramine (CMI), as well as other serotonergic anti-depressants, in the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was conducted. Overall, findings suggested that ERP is more effective than CMI, particularly in alleviating rituals, but CMI may be more effective in reducing obsessive compulsive behavior among individuals with concomitant severe depression, obsessions only, and overvalued ideation. In addition, the literature favors ERP in terms of side-effects and risks, dropout, and maintenance, while one advantage of drug therapy is that less time and effort are required by the therapist and patient. Directions for interdisciplinary treatment are discussed.
Antidepressive Agents↗
[Self-evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Adaptation and validation of two psychometric scales to the French version].
Reliable and valid measures of obsessive-compulsive behaviors are essential to investigation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). With observer-rated scales, accurate self-assessment is also required in the evaluation of OCD. In a collaborative study, two psychometric instruments for self assessment of OCD were translated and adapted into a french version: The Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). and the Lynfield Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire (LOCQ) with 2 scores generated for "resistance" (LOCQ-R) and "interference" (LOCQ-I). The validity and the reliability of these two instruments were studied within different selected psychiatric groups, OCD, Panic disorder with or without Agoraphobia, Major Depression, and in a control group. Between-groups comparison showed that MOCI and LOCQ global scores (respectively 17 +/- 3.9 for MOCI global score, p < 0.01; and 40.3 +/- 11.0 for LOCQ-R, 43.1 +/- 12.0 for LOCQ-I global scores, p < 0.0001) can differentiate between the obsessional patients and the other groups. An overlap between OCD and Major Depression groups was observed on MOCI "doubting" and "slowness" sub-scores. By comparing MOCI and LOCQ global scores with observer-rated scales of obsessive-compulsive behaviour, we found adequate correlations: CPRS-OC (subscale of Comprehensive Psychiatric Rating Scale for Obsessions and Compulsions) (r > 0.5; p < 0.01), CAC (Compulsive Activities Check-list) (r > 0.6; p < 0.01), and global time spent on rituals (r > 0.5; p < 0.01). The total MOCI and LOCQ scores were significantly, but weakly correlated with depression and anxiety measures (r = 0.30-0.49).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
How effective are cognitive and behavioral treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder? A clinical significance analysis.
Controlled outcome studies investigating the efficacy of psychological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have employed different methods of determining the clinical significance of treatment effects. This makes it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the absolute and relative efficacy of psychological treatments for OCD. To address this issue, standardized Jacobson methodology for defining clinically significant change was applied to recent psychological outcome trials for OCD. The proportion of asymptomatic patients following treatment was also calculated. When recovery is defined by Jacobson methodology, exposure and response prevention (ERP) appears the most effective treatment currently available (50-60% recovered). However, when the asymptomatic criterion is used as the index of outcome, ERP and cognitive therapy have low and equivalent recovery rates (approximately 25%).
Behavior Therapy↗
Sydenham's chorea: physical and psychological symptoms of St Vitus dance.
Eleven children with Sydenham's chorea (8 girls and 3 boys, mean age = 8.4 +/- 2.2 [SD] years) underwent comprehensive physical, neuropsychologic, and psychiatric examination. The chorea was manifested as dysarthria, gait disturbances, and frequent adventitious movements of the face, neck, trunk, and extremities. Antineuronal antibodies were present in 10 of 11 children. All children exhibited concomitant psychologic dysfunction, specifically obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, increased emotional lability, motoric hyperactivity, irritability, distractibility, and age-regressed behavior. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were observed in 9 (82%) children, 4 of whom met diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder. These behavioral symptoms began several days to weeks before the chorea was observed, and they waxed and waned in severity along with the motoric abnormalities. These results suggest that psychologic, particularly obsessive-compulsive, symptoms are accompanying manifestations of Sydenham's chorea which may require medical attention.
Affective Symptoms↗
Review of behavioral psychotherapy, I: Obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Obsessive-compulsive ritualizers have maintained their improvement after exposure in vivo for up to 3 years' follow-up in the United States, Britain, Greece, and Australia. Unlike exposure in vivo, relaxation is of little value. Early gains in treatment predict long-term outcome. Exposure therapy is usually on an outpatient basis and takes 1-30 sessions. Self-exposure homework is critical. Sessions at home are also required, together with relatives cooperating as exposure cotherapists. Some patients can treat themselves almost unaided, while others need extensive assistance. Clomipramine is helpful for ritualizers with coexisting depression, but depression tends to recur when clomipramine therapy is stopped.
Behavior Therapy↗