SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Neoplastic Processes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Oral ulcers in HIV-infected patients: an update on epidemiology and diagnosis.

Oral ulcers observed during the course of HIV infection may be very severe. Such manifestations may interfere with oral functions and alter the patients' quality of life. It is important to stress that when HIV-infected individuals present with ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity, neoplastic processes and rare infections must be included in the differential diagnosis. Nontumefactive oral ulcers in HIV-positive patients may be a source of diagnostic difficulties because of the diverse array of underlying pathologic entities and multiplicity of etiologic agents. Biopsy should always be performed on long-standing ulcers, since either infection or a neoplastic process may be present. In the absence of infection or neoplasm, such lesions are then designated ulcers not otherwise specified.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1993

The influence of an aging immune system on cancer incidence and progression.

The majority of cancers occur in patients over the age of 65 years, and yet the important interactions of normal aging upon the neoplastic process remain to be thoroughly explored. For example, there is no unifying and conclusive explanation for the increased risk of cancer with advancing age. The age-associated decline in immune function has previously been implicated in this regard. However, it is likely that other factors, such as the time it takes to proceed through the multistep neoplastic process, and the combined influence of age-associated increased susceptibility to carcinogen and decreased DNA repair are more important. Nevertheless, immune senescence does influence various aspects of tumor growth and spread. In this article these aspects are reviewed.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

[Morphological criteria of the malignancy of pheochromocytoma].

Morphological features of the chromaffin tissue tumours removed surgically were studied in detail. The complex of the histological and cytological signs characterizing morphological criteria of the pheochromocytoma malignancy is recommended to be used in the everyday diagnostic practice. It is suggested that pheochromocytomas should be divided into the three main variants which seem to be stages of the neoplastic process: so-called benign, borderline malignant, and malignant tumours. The latter may be metastasizing or without visible metastasis but having all the features of morphological malignancy identical to those in the metastasizing neoplasms. The group of the borderline malignant pheochromocytoma is of importance not only theoretically but practically as well, since it complements our concepts of the neoplastic process dynamics and in many cases may be the indication of the possible prognosis of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis.

Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis is a rare entity that has been described under many different names and constitutes a diagnostic challenge as it may simulate a neoplastic process. Herein, we report a case of a 61-year-old woman who presented to our institution complaining of left flank pain and was found to have normal levels of amylase and lipase. An abdominal magnetic resonance image showed thickening of the pancreatic tail and compression of the pancreatic duct. The radiographic differential included both chronic pancreatitis and a neoplastic process. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy, during which a pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Grossly, the pancreas contained a yellowish white, firm homogeneous mass measuring 6.5 x 3.3 x 2.9 cm involving the entire pancreatic tail and hilum of the spleen. Histologically, pancreatic sections showed extensive fibrosis admixed with an inflammatory infiltrate. This infiltrate was composed mainly of lymphocytes with multiple germinal centers, as well as plasma cells and eosinophils that surrounded pancreatic ducts and extended into the peripancreatic adipose tissue. No malignancy was identified, and the process was diagnosed as lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

Avascular necrosis of spine: a rare appearance.

STUDY DESIGN: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of two contiguous vertebrae along with the intervening disc is presented. OBJECTIVES: AVN of two contiguous vertebrae and the intervening disc is a rare entity and can be confused with infective and neoplastic processes. We present the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of AVN. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: AVN of vertebral bodies is a known entity; however, involvement of two contiguous vertebrae along with the intervening disc is atypical. The imaging features can be confused with an infective etiology, which involves the disc more commonly as compared to AVN. Neoplastic destruction of vertebrae also needs to be ruled out in appropriate clinical situations. METHODS: Frontal and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine were performed followed by an MRI. Subsequently CT-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was performed. RESULTS: These radiographic features were correlated with the clinical and pathologic findings. The MRI findings of a wedge-shaped lesion with classic fluid intensity (hyperintense signal, like that of cerebrospinal fluid on T2-weighted images) are characteristic of AVN. Fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis and excluded an infective or a neoplastic process. CONCLUSIONS: The MRI findings described in this report are very characteristic of AVN of spine. Clinical and radiologic correlation could help in making the diagnosis and avoid unnecessary investigations.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed2002

[Central segments resections in primary liver neoplasms--three clinical cases].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The resections of the central paramedial hepatic sectors are most rarely reported due to their technical complexity. We present three cases in which we carried out this rare operative intervention for occasion of primary hepatic neoplasm in the central hepatic segments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In three cases (two of primary hepatic cancer and one of sarcoma) we carried out resection of the central segments in the following steps: mobilization of the liver, subhepatic approach to the inferior v. cava, preparation for vascular isolation of the liver by Pringle's maneuver, dissection of the biliary, arterial and venous vessels in the hepatic hilus, intraoperative assessment of the involvement of these structures in the neoplastic process and subsequent hepatic resection. RESULTS: For a period of 5 to 24 months of follow up we have not established a relapse of the disease in the cases ascribed. CONCLUSION: The outcome of the hepatic resections strongly depends from the various factors including accurate preoperative diagnosis, the assessment of the resection volume according to the involvement of the hepatic vessels in the neoplastic process. Hepatic resection can be performed with the same degree of confidence and similar low morbidity as any other major surgical procedure.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Abdominal actinomycosis imitating non-operable stage of cancer].

In a 44-year-old woman on the basis of short hospital medical observation and gynaecological consultations, malignancy of reproductive organs was preliminarily diagnosed. During the operation the gynaecological-surgical team confirmed the presence of generalized neoplastic process in the abdominal cavity. In the obtained surgical specimens actinomycosis was diagnosed by histological examination. Longterm antibiotic therapy caused an improvement of the patient's condition, increase of body weight, improvement of blood morphologic picture, regression of tumour-like changes in the liver. The case reminds the necessity of taking into account actinomycotic infection in the differential diagnosis of conditions suggesting a neoplastic process in the abdominal cavity.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed1996

Inhibition of tumorigenesis in animals.

Animal models are an important component of chemopreventive research. They provide a means of identifying effective compounds, of carrying out fundamental investigations into their mechanisms of action, of determining how they can be used optimally, of evaluating toxicity and, ultimately, of providing an information base for developing intervention trials in humans. They are available for evaluating the effects of chemopreventive agents on the occurrence of cancer in most major organ sites. For some cancers, improved models are required. One such is squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchi, a major cancer in humans. There are three major groups of animal models: the first group involves administration of chemical or physical carcinogens to produce carcinogenesis; the second group consists of mice in which viruses, usually endogenous, are the major causative agents; and the third group entails use of transgenic mice. Most chemopreventive agents investigated in animal models can be placed into three broad categories: compounds preventing attacking molecules from reaching or reacting with critical target sites (blocking agents); compounds decreasing sensitivity of target tissues to carcinogenic stimuli; and compounds preventing the evolution of the neoplastic process (suppressing agents). There is increasing interest in the use of agent combinations rather than single agents as a means of obtaining increased efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Combinations studied thus far entail the use of at least one suppressing agent, in combination with either a blocking agent or a second suppressing agent. The development of optimal strategies for human intervention trials can be facilitated by the use of animal models mimicking the neoplastic process in humans. It is important to exploit this potential to its maximum degree.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Immunodeficiency and cancer: mechanisms involved.

This is a short overview concerning possible relationships between immunodeficiency and cancerogenesis/leukemogenesis. Following introductory remarks on concomitant and sinecomitant antitumor immunity, various factors/mechanisms that could influence tumor-host-interactions are discussed, in particular properties of neoplastic cell lines, the microenvironment, cellular components of nonspecific resistance, and specific, i.e. antigen-directed, cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against cancer cells. The increased incidence of malignant neoplastic processes in patients with inherited or acquired immunodeficiency raises the question if a lack of antitumoral defense or ineffective antiviral immunity is more important. Available data indicate that once a cancer has reached a certain size, the chances for the host to reject it solely with the help of its immune apparatus are minimal. The possibility remains that immune reactions may be more efficacious against small numbers of immunogenic tumor cells, i.e. in the very earliest phase of a neoplastic process and when the cancer begins to metastasize.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1998

Cortical metastatic lesions of the appendicular skeleton from tumors of known primary origin.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Metastatic disease represents the most common neoplastic process involving bone. Recently, a small subset of cortical based metastatic lesions has been identified. We attempted to delineate the incidence, origin, location, and possible significance of these lesions within an orthopaedic patient population. METHODS: A chart and radiographic review of patients treated for metastatic disease to bone over a 17-year period was performed. Inclusion criteria for lesions were as follows: 1) an appendicular skeletal site, 2) histopathologic confirmation of origin, and 3) presence within a patient diagnosed with a single, known neoplastic process. The lesions were classified as either cortical or medullary based. RESULTS: Eighty-three lesions (70 patients) satisfied inclusion criteria. Most lesions were of pulmonary (26), breast (22), renal (16), or prostatic (8) tumor origin. Eighteen lesions (22%) from 15 patients were identified as cortical and represented initial presentation in 7 patients. These lesions were of pulmonary (11), renal (5), and breast (2) tumor origin. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical based metastases within the appendicular skeleton may occur more frequently than previously expected. While tumors of pulmonary and renal origin accounted for 42 of the 83 (51%) appendicular lesions, they were responsible for 16 of the 18 (89%) cortical metastases. This preponderance of pulmonary and renal metastases to the cortex is consistent with previously published reports. Our findings may be of value when diagnosing and treating patients whose initial presentation is a cortically based lesion.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1976

Editorial: Chromosomes and human neoplasms. Achievements using new staining techniques.

Numerical and structural chromosome aberrations are frequently found in neoplastic cells. As demonstrated by the new chromosome banding techniques these aberrations are not random, but tend to show a specific occurrence. A model example is the leukemias where many cytogenetical investigations have been done to date. In leukemia chromosome analysis serves the following purposes: to identify a neoplastic process, to confirm and strengthen the hematological diagnosis, for the early diagnosis of transformation from a chronic leukemia into its blastic phase and for following up the clonal evolution of a leukemic cell line. In the discussion of chromosomes and neoplasms it must be mentioned that individuals demonstrating chromosomal instability and some trisomic patients show a greater tendency toward the development of a malignancy. Malignancy is primarily a cellular phenomenon caused by a disturbance in cellular regulation, whose fine events are not known. Therefore the exact role of the chromosomes in neoplastic processes cannot be stated. From experimental investigations it appears that the affected chromosomes carry cell growth regulating factors and also that a specific aberration is the result of the action of a specific agent.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

[Diagnostic potentials of lympho- and phlebography in tumors of the uterus and adnexa].

103 patients with neoplastic processes in the genitalia have been examined. Lymphography was performed in 73 patients, phlebography - in 52, a combined investigation (lympho- and phlebography) - in 22. Lymphography in malignant uterine and ovarian processes with the involvement of regional lymph nodes provides for direct and indirect signs of metastasization, that allows the stage to be determined with a greater precision and also the roentgenological control over the state of lymph nodes during the conservative therapy. Visceral phlebography gives a definite roentgenological characteristic depending on the site and character of a tumor. An associated use of lympho- and phlebography considerably enlarges the potentialities of these methods for determining the stage and character of tumors and seems to be a valuable adjunct for the differential diagnosis of neoplastic processes of the uterus and adnexa.

Adnexal Diseases↗

PubMed2004

Infarcted angiomatous nasal polyps.

Angiomatous nasal polyps are a rarely reported subtype of inflammatory sinonasal polyps that are characterized by extensive vascular proliferation and ectasia. Compromise of their vascular supply may occasionally lead to infarction, resulting in clinical, radiological and pathological features that simulate a neoplastic process. In the present paper, the salient characteristics of this unusual entity are described. The clinical, radiological and pathological features of two patients with infarcted angiomatous nasal polyps are presented. Grossly, the polyps had an unusual inhomogenous appearance and texture and were associated with a foul odor. CT findings included bony expansion and destruction. MRI findings included markedly inhomogenous contrast enhancement on T1-weighted images. Histopathologically, both cases showed abundant vascular ectasia, with widespread intraluminal thrombosis and necrosis. Recanalization and reparative changes were also present. Angiomatous nasal polyps are poorly documented in the literature. Although entirely benign, they may simulate neoplastic processes, thus awareness of their existence is of considerable importance.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver--another case report. Is this the beginning of an established hepatic entity?

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is an infrequent, fibroinflammatory non-neoplastic process of unknown etiology, generally following a benign inflammatory condition. The importance of knowledge of it resides in its similar presentation to other hepatic tumors in clinical picture, radiological appearance, and macroscopic pattern. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old woman presented with acute abdominal pain. Ultrasonography and a computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a 3.2 cm hepatic tumor (segment IV) and a CT-guided liver biopsy revealed possible histological features of hepatic fibrosarcoma. The patient underwent a wedge resection. The pathologist identified a well-defined, 4-cm inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver associated with possible sclerosing cholangitis lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory pseudotumor is a fibroinflammatory non-neoplastic process that should be suspected in patients with a hepatic tumor with significant infectious-inflammatory history. Percutaneous hepatic biopsy does not provide certainty in confirming the lesion since it does not discard focuses of hidden malignancy. The treatment is surgical resection followed by histopatological study to eliminate a hepatocarcinoma, a low-grade fibrosarcoma, or a hidden focus of adenocarcinoma. The inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver has changed from being an extremely rare pathology to becoming an established liver disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Effects of female sex steroids on concanavalin A-mediated agglutination of hepatocytes from nonregenerating and regenerating rat liver and hepatic tumor marker enzymes.

Effect of treatment of female rats with an oral contraceptive agent (OCA), Ovulen-50, for 7 weeks on agglutination of hepatocytes with concanavalin A (con A) and activities of certain tumor marker enzymes were examined to find out if OCA treatment is related to preneoplastic or neoplastic processes. Hepatocytes from regenerating and nonregenerating livers of control female rats showed negligible agglutination with Con A, whereas hepatocytes from non regenerating but not from the regenerating livers of female rats treated with a combination of 5 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 100 micrograms ethynodiol diacetate showed agglutination. Of the tumor marker enzymes such as hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and arginase examined in the liver, only gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase showed a significant increase in activity in the steroid-treated rats. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was also higher in the treated animals. However, the magnitude of the changes observed was relatively small and perhaps unrelated to the neoplastic process.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Voice function in patients after extended fronto-lateral laryngectomy.

The main purpose of this study was subjective and objective evaluation of voice function before and after extended frontolateral laryngectomy, followed by reconstruction with a mucochondrial graft from the nose. The next aim of this study was analysis of phoniatric and acoustic results depending on: (1) the extent and localization of the neoplastic process; (2) the wound-healing process (including the time of decannulation and effective deglutition); (3) the substitute mechanism of phonation. In all, 40 patients (37 men and 3 women) having T1B (67.5%) and T2 (32.5%) glottic cancers were examined before and after the operation. The ENT investigation included each patient's history from the beginning of illness, a subjective evaluation of the voice by patients before and after the operation, determination of laryngeal mobility of the larynx and indirect laryngoscopy during phonation. Phoniatric examination included voice recordings, average voice pitch, voice range, maximum phonation time, microlaryngoscopy and microstroboscopy. Acoustic analysis covered the harmonic structure of the voice, jitter, shimmer, noise components and basic frequency. Results showed that the extent of the neoplastic process before operation did not affect essential voice quality after operation in stage T1B and T2 disease. The maximum phonation time was shortened in T1B patients from 16.5 s to 9.28 s and in T2 from 16.7 s to 9.8 s. The average voice pitch was decreased in T1B from 177.3 Hz to 111.74 Hz and in T2 from 163.8 to 99 Hz. A correlation between acoustic analysis and phoniatric examinations was found. The value of the first formant decreased by 15.1 Hz, jitter increased 2%, shimmer increased 0.9 dB and basic frequency decreased. The voice quality after operation showed a statistically significant dependence on the mechanism of phonation. The best results were found in patients in whom phonation was the result of removing the vocal fold and postoperative scar vibration. The worst results were found in those patients with a sphincter mechanism of phonation.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Values of amyloid protein A in serum of patients after thoracic surgery--preliminary report].

Initial results are presented on the usefulness of evaluating serum amyloid protein A (SAA) contents in patients operated for bronchial cancer. In the group of 20 analysed cases, blood was taken 1 day before and 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the surgical intervention, and in complicated cases-21 and 30 days after surgery. Erythrocyte sedimentation, leucocyte level, serum amyloid protein A content were measured. The extent of the intervention, the progression of the neoplastic process, clinical and radiological data were analysed. The control group consisted of 10 healthy volunteers. Amyloid protein A was evaluated by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed on results obtained in 3 groups of patients, divided based on the extent of pulmonary resection. In all patients a statistically significant increase in SAA content was observed on the day preceding the surgery as well as 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after the surgery, in comparison with the control group. SAA level increase, in comparison with the preoperative examination, was statistically significant 1 and 3 days postoperatively in patients after pulmonectomy and only 3 days postoperatively after lobectomy. The lack of statistically significant differences in group 3 (after thoracotomy) resulted from very high preoperative values associated with the advanced progression of the neoplastic process.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Transgenic mouse models in carcinogenesis research and testing.

Double transgenic mice bearing fusion genes consisting of mouse albumin enhancer/promoter-mouse c-myc cDNA and mouse metallothionein 1 promoter-human TGF-alpha cDNA were generated to investigate the interaction of these genes in hepatic oncogenesis and to provide a general paradigm for characterizing both the interaction of nuclear oncogenes and growth factors in tumorigenesis. In addition, these mice provide an experimental model to test how environmental chemicals might interact with the c-myc and TGF-alpha transgenes during the neoplastic process. We show experimental evidence that co-expression of TGF-alpha and c-myc transgenes in mouse liver promotes overproduction of ROS and thus creates an oxidative stress environment. This phenomenon may account for the massive DNA damage and acceleration of hepatocarcinogenesis observed in the TGF-alpha/c-myc mouse model. Also, the role of mutagenesis in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)-quinoxaline (MeIQx) was demonstrated in C57BL/lacZ (Muta Mice) and double transgenic c-myc/lacZ mice that carry the lacZ mutation reporter gene. The MeLQx hepatocarcinogenicity was associated with an increase in in vivo mutagenicity as scored by mutations in the lacZ reporter gene. These results suggest that transgenic mouse models may provide important tools for testing both the carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals and the interaction/cooperation of these compounds with specific genes during the neoplastic process.

Animals↗