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Results for “Necrotizing enterocolitis”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Necrotizing enterocolitis in neutropenia and chemotherapy: a clinical update and old lessons relearned.

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) must be recognized in patients with fever, neutropenia, and abdominal pain. Classically, NE has been described in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with intensive chemotherapy. Current interest in NE has increased due to recent cases associated with newer, more intensive chemotherapy in solid tumors. This review discusses pathology, clinical presentation, and treatment of NE. Ultrasonography or CT scans are the best radiographic studies to confirm the diagnosis. Management options, including antimicrobial therapy, surgery, and supportive care, are discussed. Chemotherapy incorporating the taxane family of drugs (paclitaxel and docetaxel) associated with NE is also reviewed with observations regarding the earlier onset of the disease in the first weeks following chemotherapy. Even with currently recommended therapy, a high mortality rate, approximating 45%, can occur. Best outcomes for NE rely upon understanding of risks for the condition, prompt empiric therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, systemic antifungal therapy, and meticulous attention to supportive care.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2004

Abdominal drain placement versus laparotomy for necrotizing enterocolitis with perforation.

Perforated NEC in the fragile, premature infant remains a complex neonatal and surgical problem. Future investigation into the basic mechanisms of the intestinal inflammatory response in the premature neonate may allow for preventive strategies in the management of NEC. Until then, surgical management for perforated NEC will remain a necessary intervention to treat the complications of this disease. The two most commonly used surgical strategies for perforated NEC are laparotomy, bowel resection, and enterostomy versus primary peritoneal drainage. There are no compelling, prospective, controlled data supporting one procedure over the other. Although there are several surgical options for treating perforated NEC, definitive evidence-based guidelines for the best surgical treatment in terms of survival outcome remain to be determined.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2000

Necrotizing enterocolitis and hematopoietic cytokines.

The names of the hematopoietic cytokines are misleading because in addition to their effects on bone marrow and bone marrow-derived cells, they have many diverse effects, including effects on the gastrointestinal tract. These effects may be directly mediated by interaction with specific receptors on gastrointestinal epithelial cells, or they may result from their effects on circulating or bowel wall leukocytes and the cytokines these cells produce. As might be expected of factors largely defined by their effects on inflammatory cells, the hematopoietic cytokines are intimately involved in the processes of bowel injury. Further investigations are needed to define the role of hematopoietic cytokines in the human neonate's balance between local gastrointestinal host defense and bowel wall injury. This could lead to effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of NEC.

Animals↗