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PubMed2004

Paternal absence and international migration: stressors and compensators associated with the mental health of Mexican teenagers of rural origin.

Mexico-U.S. migration creates situations that may cause psychological distress. The purpose of this research project was to study the impact of father's physical absence due to international migration (FPAIM) on adolescent offspring of rural immigrants from Zacatecas, Mexico. Stressors and compensators were studied from the adolescent's perspective and were analyzed using a stress-mediator-consequences theoretical framework. Qualitative (n = 24) and quantitative (n = 310) methodologies were used with a nonrandom sample of adolescents. Results show that the FPAIM is an ambivalent experience for adolescents that has positive and negative elements. Though migrants' children seem to be more vulnerable to psychosocial stress than are the offspring of nonmigrants, gender, not father's absence, appears to be the most important risk factor for psychological distress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Changing patterns of internal migration 1970-1990: a comparative analysis of Jews and whites in the United States.

Independently conducted yet complementary sets of data from the 1970/1971 and 1990 National Jewish Population Surveys and the U.S. censuses of the same years were used to analyze changes in the internal migration of Jews and whites during the periods 1965-1970(1971) and 1985-1990. Interstate lifetime and five-year migration rates among Jews increased to levels significantly surpassing those of whites. Adjusting Jewish migration rates for the educational achievement of their white counterparts did not have much of an effect on lifetime migration or on the recent migration of the 1970/1971 Jewish population; however, it accounted meaningfully for the migration propensities of Jews in the period 1985-1990. These findings suggest that socioeconomic status has begun to play a larger role in promoting different migration patterns than in promoting ethnic group differences. Further, the direction of Jewish migrations followed those of whites (i.e., from the North-east and Midwest to the South and West): and due to their higher migration rates, Jews have considerably narrowed the regional distribution differences between themselves and whites. I interpret these results as evidence of the weakening role of ethnicity in present-day America.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

Dietary habits, internal migration and social class in a sample of a northern Italian population.

The study of migrants has generated interesting hypotheses on the etiology of different types of cancer. In particular, it has been suggested that both colon and breast cancer could be related to living conditions, including diet, in the country of immigration. Considerable internal migration occurred in Italy in the sixties. We studied a random sample of 1,400 subjects living in the city of Torino and the province of Varese. They were interviewed with a detailed questionnaire about their dietary habits, and the consumption of several nutrients was considered according to the area of birth and social class. The hypothesis we tested was whether, after controlling for social class, there were different dietary habits among the migrants and the native population, and whether such differences could help in the formulation of etiologic hypotheses on cancer. We found that the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol was lower among the migrants from the south, whereas they consumed higher levels of vegetables than people born in the north. The different intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol seemed to be attributable mainly to the consumption of butter, for which the south/north ratio was as low as 0.47 in men and 0.56 in women. Important gradients by social class were also suggested for several nutrients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Internal migration and distribution of Chagas disease mortality, Brazil, 1981-1998].

In Brazil, mortality from Chagas disease occurs even in regions classified as free of vector transmission. Because death rates refer to residents, and considering that a huge migratory movement has occurred inside the country, this study was intended to quantify the contribution of Brazilian internal migration to overall mortality from Chagas disease, from 1981 to 1998. If the PAHO Southern Cone Initiative actually achieved its objectives, one could expect declining death rates and increasing age at death from this cause. The results showed that out of 68,936 deaths in Brazilians with known birthplace, 32,369 (32%) occurred in people born in States other than those of their current residence (range: from 0.3% in Rio Grande do Sul to 100% in Roraima and Amapá). Most (67%) of the deaths in migrants occurred in individuals born in the States of Minas Gerais (51%) and Bahia (16%). Death rates in residents showed a consistent decline in the Southeast, South, and Central West of the country, but not in the Northeast and North, where median age at death was the lowest.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The movement of people in Asia: internal, intra-regional and international migration.

"The comprehensive overview of Asian-Pacific migration summarizes early population movements during the colonial period and describes the major types of contemporary Asian population movements: (1) environmental refugees, (2) political refugees, (3) internal population movements, (4) contract labor migration, (5) migration of permanent settlers, (6) business related movements and tourism. Projections of net international migration are given. Population growth, employment absorption and emigration pressures are likely to contribute to a large mobility potential for Asia, with significant implications for Australia."

Asia↗
PubMed1992

[Consequences of international migration for Austria. Population scenarios until 2031].

"The consequences of international immigration on population development and the labour market [in Austria] are assessed on the basis of four scenarios of possible political and economic developments in Europe. In case of massive immigration (net +50,000 per year) the residential population of Austria...will grow to 9.5 million within 40 years.... With a net immigration of +25,000 persons per year the residential population will grow to 8.3 inhabitants.... Without any immigration or with immigration and emigration of equal proportion, the population of Austria will shrink to somewhat above 7.1 million...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Austria↗
PubMed1994

International migration and development.

"This article assesses the effects of migration on development, emphasizing the shift from a national to an international perspective. The issue of migration, trade and international cooperation is considered next. The last section of the article is devoted to policy with reference to development cooperation as an alternative to migration."

Commerce↗
PubMed1993

Internal migration and unemployment in Germany: an Anglo-Irish perspective.

"The paper analyzes the effect on the migration rate of a number of labour market variables; in particular, relative wage levels and growth rates, and the relative unemployment rates in the home and foreign country. We study the Ireland-U.K. migration rate and use the estimates to predict migration between the two parts of unified Germany. We conclude that magnitudes of unemployment differences and wage differentials are such that currently observed substantial migration flows will not slow down for the forseeable future." (SUMMARY IN GER)

Demography↗
PubMed1990

[International migration in the Arab region].

"The main aim of the present paper was to establish the dimensions of international labour migration in the Arab world in the last ten to fifteen years, to describe the major characteristics of a particular process of movement of labour in the area and to point to the factors that have [affected] the politics of the countries of employment. A further aim was to show the specific features of labour force presence of a particular country of origin (Arab and Asian) and to give the socio-economic characteristics of the different migrant groups employed in the countries of the Middle East." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Africa↗
PubMed1994

Changing western German internal migration systems during the second half of the 1980s.

"This study has two purposes. First, we will analyze in detail the extent to which regional demographic changes during the second half of the 1980s represent a return to concentration in western Germany.... The second purpose of this paper will be to measure regional demographic impacts in western Germany as the result of the large East to West movement of population that occurred before formal unification...." The results indicate that "the slow downward trend toward greater spatial deconcentration in West Germany during the time period 1970 to 1984 shifted back toward concentration from 1985 and through 1988." This involved both labor market changes affecting primarily the population aged 25-49, and greater concentrations of population in densely populated regions such as the Ruhr-Rhine and Saarland.

Demography↗
PubMed1997

Internal migration patterns for U.S. foreign-born, 1985-1990.

"Using 1990 census data, this paper calculates the flow [of the foreign-born population in the United States] between states and from abroad; also, a multinomial logistic regression model of destination choice is estimated for resettlers and for migrants from abroad. There are three major findings. Firstly, Florida and California are the largest recipients of foreign-born resettlers; New York is the biggest loser of secondary migrants. Secondly, the presence of large communities of Mexicans in California and Cubans in Florida are very attractive to both resettlers and migrants from abroad. Thirdly, immigrants that are most in need of ethnic support networks (i.e. new arrivals or immigrants with low human capital resources) are most likely to choose one of the traditional immigration states as a destination."

Americas↗
PubMed1994

Assimilation and attachment in the context of international migration: the case of guestworkers in Germany.

"Immigrants' attachments to home and their assimilation into the host society have been identified as major factors influencing international return migration. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of attachment and assimilation, with a special focus on the impact of duration of stay. Using survey data on guestworkers in West Germany in 1984 and 1989, the study finds that assimilation increases at a decreasing rate as the duration of stay is extended. The relationship between attachment and length of stay is less strong, but shows a general trend of decreasing attachment levels as guestworkers prolong their stay in Germany. The resulting trends for return migration are characterized by an overall decline in the propensity to return as the duration of stay is extended. However, the rate of decline varies by gender, marital status, and nationality. Overall, the results allude to the importance of distinguishing between short term and long term immigrants."

Acculturation↗