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PubMed1982

Clinical laboratory evaluation of the thermonuclease test.

Simultaneous testing for clumping factor, coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, and thermonuclease was performed on 189 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci with strong catalase activity to determine the suitability of the thermonuclease test as a routine procedure for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Positive reactions to all four tests were exhibited by 72 of the strains while 88 of the isolates gave uniformly negative results. Although discrepancies were found between the reactions of 29 organisms, differences were found between the reactions of 29 organisms, differences between tube coagulase ant thermonuclease results were rare. Greater than 90% of positive reactions for both tube coagulase and thermonuclease tests were detected within a four-hour incubation period. The thermonuclease test was found to be simple, reliable, inexpensive and rapid. This test gave easily interpretable reactions within an eight-hour workday, even when only one or two isolated colonies were used for testing. The thermonuclease test is well suited for use as a primary clinical laboratory procedure for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infections due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus: 10 cases and review.

We describe 10 new cases of bacteremia due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus and review eight other cases that have been described in the literature. The most common clinical presentations were endocarditis, catheter-related infection, and septicemia. Commonly associated risk factors were intravenous drug abuse, cardiac valve disease, the presence of foreign bodies (especially indwelling vascular catheters), and immunocompromised states. S. mucilaginosus bacteremia is readily treatable with antibiotics. This organism is of low virulence, but appears to be an emerging pathogen. Infection due to S. mucilaginosus is likely to be underreported because the organism may be easily misidentified and information on it is not included in the databases of many automated microbiologic identification systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus: an emerging pathogen in neutropenic patients.

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus was isolated from eight neutropenic patients during nine febrile episodes over a 13-month period. Five of these isolates were from definite infections, including one case of fatal meningitis. This slime-producing, catalase-variable, gram-positive coccus is a component of the normal oral flora of humans. Its biochemical profile may result in misidentification; however, unlike most micrococci, it characteristically fails to grow on media containing 5% NaCl. All but one of our isolates were sensitive to benzylpenicillin, and all were sensitive to vancomycin. S. mucilaginosus may prove to be an important pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Complications of bacteremia due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus in neutropenic children.

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, can cause fatal sepsis and meningitis in neutropenic patients. We identified eight cases of bacteremia due to S. mucilaginosus in children with cancer, of whom five developed complications despite receiving appropriate antibiotics. At the time cultures were positive, seven patients had profound neutropenia (< 100 neutrophils and band forms/mm3) and four had mucositis; five had central venous catheters. In two cases, there was unequivocal evidence of catheter-related sepsis. Bacteremia was eradicated in all patients within 48 hours after initiation of antibiotics. Despite prompt instigation of effective antibiotic therapy, the complication rates in this series were high: septic shock (50%), pneumonia (50%), dermatologic manifestations (38%), altered neurological status (25%), meningitis (13%), and adult respiratory distress syndrome (13%). No fatalities were attributable to S. mucilaginosus infection. These cases illustrate the virulence of S. mucilaginosus organisms in neutropenic children and suggest a substantial risk of sequelae even when adequate antibiotic therapy is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Role of various microorganisms on Tc behavior in sediments.

Marine bacteria (Moraxella sp., Planococcus sp. and a mixed population of anaerobes) from a coastal sediment were found to concentrate Tc. Maximum concentration of this element occurred during the stationary phase of growth of the bacteria, at low redox potential. A metabolic process seems responsible for Tc concentration by bacteria, in which it binds to high molecular weight cellular constituents. Polysaccharidic polymers, which were visualized around the bacterial cells with the scanning electron microscope, might bind Tc, but direct experimental evidence in favor of this hypothesis was not yet obtained. The role of sedimentary bacteria in the behavior of Tc in the marine environment is briefly discussed. The action of sulfate-reducing microorganisms is considered.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1991

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus catheter-related infection in an adolescent with osteosarcoma.

Ours is apparently the first reported pediatric case of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus bacteremia. It is the second reported case of S mucilaginosus catheter-associated infection, but the first case successfully treated without removing the central venous catheter. This unusual organism should be added to the list of opportunistic pathogens that can be isolated from immunocompromised pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Polyphasic taxonomy of Nesterenkonia halobia.

A phenotypic study has been carried out on six moderately halophilic gram-positive nonmotile cocci isolated from ponds of a saltern located in Huelva, Spain. These strains were examined for 150 morphological, physiological, biochemical, and nutritional traits and showed phenotypic characteristics similar to those of Nesterenkonia halobia (formerly Micrococcus halobius). The guanine-plus-cytosine (G + C) content of their DNA ranged between 70 and 72 mol%, values quite similar to those described for N. halobia (71.5 mol%). The 16S rDNA sequence analysis of one representative isolate showed that it is phylogenetically quite close to N. halobia, within the high-G + C-content gram-positive branch. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed a high degree of homology (72 to 100%) among the six isolates and the type strain N. halobia ATCC 21727. All data demonstrate quite clearly that the six isolates are members of the species N. halobia. Since this species was described on the basis of a single strain isolated from unrefined solar salt, and its description is not complete (especially in the utilization of different compounds), our study contributes to a better description of the moderate halophile N. halobia.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1998

Delimiting the genus Staphylococcus through description of Macrococcus caseolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov. and Macrococcus equipercicus sp. nov., and Macrococcus bovicus sp. no. and Macrococcus carouselicus sp. nov.

Four species of the newly proposed genus Macrococcus, namely macrococcus caseolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov. (formerly Staphylococcus caseolyticus Schleifer, Kilpper-Bälz, Fischer, Faller and Endl 1982, 19VP), Macrococcus equipercicus sp. nov., Macrococcus bovicus sp. nov. Macrococcus carouselicus sp. nov., are described on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis comparing 16S rRNA sequences, DNA-DNA liquid hybridization, DNA base composition, normalized ribotype patterns, macrorestriction pattern analysis and estimation of genome size using PFGE, cell wall composition, phenotypic characteristics and plasmid profiles. Compared with their closet relatives, members of the genus Staphylococcus, these organisms demonstrated significantly lower 16S rRNA sequence similarities (93.4-95.3%), higher DNA G+C content (38-45 mol%), absence of cell wall teichoic acids (with the possible exception of M. caseolyticus), unique ribotype pattern types and macrorestriction patterns, smaller genome size (approx. 1500-1800 kb) and generally larger Gram-stained cell size (1.1-2.5% microns in diameter). Macrococci can be distinguished from most species of staphylococci (except Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus vitulus and Staphylococcus lentus) by thier oxidase activity. The four Macrococcus species can be distinguished from one another on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization, ribotype pattern types, macrorestriction patterns and their phenotypic properties, including colony morphology, cell morphology, haemolysins, Staphy Latex agglutination, acid production from a variety of carbohydrates, acetoin production, nitrate reduction, aesculin hydrolysis, and DNase and urease activities. The type species is M. equipercicus. The type strains of M. equipercicus, M. caseolyticus, M. bovicus and M. carouselicus are ATTCC 51831T (= DD 9350T) ATCC 13548T (= TDD 4508T) (Schleifer et al. 1982, ATCC 51825T (= DD 4516T) and ATCC 51828T (= DD 9348), respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis sp. nov., isolated from hypersaline Ekho Lake, East Antarctica, and emended description of the genus Nesterenkonia.

An aerobic and heterotrophic isolate, designated IFAM EL-30T, was obtained from hypersaline Ekho Lake (Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica). The isolate consisted of Gram-positive cocci or short rods which occasionally exhibited branching. The organism was moderately halotolerant, required thiamin.HCI and was stimulated by biotin and nicotinic acid. It grew well with glucose, acetate, pyruvate, succinate, malate or glutamate, and hydrolysed DNA but not gelatin, starch or Tween 80. Nitrate was aerobically reduced to nitrite. Chemical analysis revealed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified glycolipid as the major polar lipids. The cellular fatty acids were predominantly of the anteiso and iso methyl-branched types, and the major menaquinone6 were MK-7 and MK-8. The peptidoglycan type was A4alpha, L-Lys-L-Glu. The DNA base ratio was 66.1 mol% G+C. Comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the unidentified organism was phylogenetically closely related to Nesterenkonia halobia, although a sequence divergence value of > 3% demonstrated that the organism represents a different species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be designated as a new species of the genus Nesterenkonia, namely Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis sp. nov., the type strain being IFAM EL-30T (= DSM 12544T = CIP 107030T). An emended description of the genus Nesterenkonia is given.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed2002

Citricoccus muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, spherical actinobacterium, designated strain 4-0(T), was isolated from a medieval wall painting and characterized to determine its taxonomic position. The peptidoglycan of strain 4-0(T) was of type A4alpha, with lysine as the diagnostic cell wall diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge of Lys-Gly-Glu. Its quinone system contained predominantly MK-9(H2) (64%) and its polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, four unknown glycolipids, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown lipid. The fatty acid profile of strain 4-0(T) was represented by significant amounts of ai-C15:0 and moderate amounts of ai-C17:0, i-C16:0 and i-C15:0 fatty acids. Spermidine was predominant in the polyamine pattern. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68 mol%. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence studies revealed the highest similarity values (95.4-96.1%) between strain 4-0(T) and species of the genus Micrococcus and certain species of the genus Arthrobacter, including Arthrobacter pascens DSM 20545(T), Arthrobacter ramosus DSM 20546(T), Arthrobacterprotophormiae DSM 20168(T), Arthrobacternicotianae DSM 20123(T) and Arthrobacter globiformis DSM 20124(T). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strain 4-0(T) branches deeply on the Micrococcus lineage. Because it is almost equidistant phylogenetically from the genera Micrococcus and Arthrobacter and possesses significant differences in chemotaxonomic characteristics from members of these genera, it is suggested that strain 4-0(T) be classified as a novel species in a new genus; the name Citricoccus muralis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 4-0(T) (= DSM 11442(T) CCM 4981(T)).

Austria↗
PubMed2002

Rothia amarae sp. nov., from sludge of a foul water sewer.

A Gram-positive bacterium, strain J18(T), isolated from sludge of a foul water sewer, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterium based on its 16S rDNA sequence showed that it belongs to the genus Rothia and forms a distinct phyletic clade with the type strain of Rothia nasimurium. Morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics supported the assignment of this organism to the genus Rothia and distinguished it from the type strains of all validly described Rothia species. Therefore, it is proposed that this bacterium be classified in the genus Rothia as Rothia amarae sp. nov. The type strain is strain J18(T) (= AS 4.1721(T) = JCM 11375(T)).

Base Composition↗