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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Neurologic complications of thyroid dysfunction.

Until such time as results of more rigorous studies are available, the morbidity rates for thyroid dysfunction cited here must suffice. The 1955 to 1956 outpatient "incidence" for England and Wales was 1.1 per 1,000 for thyrotoxicosis and 1.7 per 1,000 for myxedema (18). United States in-patient "incidence" for 1971 was 0.16 per 1,000 for thyrotoxicosis and 0.13 per 1,000 for myxedema (25). The 1935 to 1967 average annual incidence of Graves' disease for females in Olmsted County, Minnesota, was 30.5 per 100,000 (10). Well over 50% of hyperthyroid patients have clinical evidence of mild or moderate muscle weakness. Usually this weakness is proximal, and electro-myography and muscle biopsy confirm the existence of myopathic process (Table 11). Severe muscular weakness of acute onset is relatively rare and is encountered in approximately 1% of hyperthyroid patients (11,17,40). Ophthalmoplegia and psychosis are reported 4% and 2% of patients, respectively (17). Myasthenia gravis, although well publicized, is estimated to occur in less than 1% of patients (3,30). TPP is virtually nonexistent in the West; in the Orient it is reported in 2 to 8% of hyperthyroid patients and is 20 to 60 times more frequent in the hyperthyroid male than in the hyperthyroid female (Table 12). The neurologic symptomatology of myxedema is more extensive, and agreement among the various series is poor. The only unselected series addressing itself to neuromuscular manifestations of myxedema that is suitable for citation is that of Scarpalezos et al. (36). This comprehensive study was done without apparent patient selection, and it reported 2% of patients with definite carpal tunnel syndrome, 6% with myopathy, and 18% with polyneuropathy (Table 13). Reported percentages of hypothyroid patients found to have neurologic manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction are extremely diverse: ataxic gait was reported in 5 to 32% (6,7,12,27) of patients and dysdiadochokinesia in 6 to 52% (7,12,27). Psychosis is encountered in 2 to 5% (6,14,17,27,39) of myxedematous patients, memory loss in 23 to 55% (6,14,27), and coma in less than 1% (27).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Function-controlled neurosurgery. Neurophysiologic and neuropsychological monitoring during surgery of the nervous system].

Neuromonitoring of neural structures has become increasingly common during surgery near cortical areas representing sensorimotor and language function (epilepsia, tumors), in the brain stem and the spinal cord (tumors), near cranial nerves (cerebellopontine angle tumors, trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm), and in the cauda equina (tumors, tethered spinal cord). The technical spectrum to monitor these operations includes electrical cortical stimulation to evoke sensorimotor phenomena and language disturbances, electroneurography and -myography of the cauda equina, motor cranial nerves and nuclei, and somatosensory, motor and acoustic evoked potentials. The goals of intraoperative neuromonitoring are: (1) minimizing the risk of suffering neurological and neuropsychological injury as a result of surgery; (2) extending the surgical spectrum to lesions that have previously been considered inoperable or hazardous to operate upon; (3) intraoperative electrophysiological documentation that the goal of surgery has been achieved; (4) intraoperative basic research.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design of a myo-seismic transducer for non-invasive transcutaneous vectorial recording of locally fast muscle-fibre micro-contractions.

Mechanical recording usually concerns the analysis of movements in bio-mechanical research projects. Mechanical recording of locally fast muscle-fibre micro-contractions, however, is a little-developed and rarely-applied myographic technique. In the last decade, acoustic or myophonic measurements came increasingly into the picture when they were also applied to research on general muscle activity, such as in muscle fatigue studies. In this paper, a new micro-seismic recording technique is introduced. The technique registers extremely local activity in the velocity and force vector of skin movement as a function in time. The recording method is sensitive to micro excursions caused by muscle fibres under the skin. The resolution in time is at least 100 us, which is demonstrated in an experiment where a mechanical contraction is provoked by electrical stimulation of the median nerve. This indicates a seismic variant, refered to as seismic-myography (SMG), of surface EMG's, and offers complementary features. The most important features are: 1. Insensitivity to low frequent, large movement artefacts. 2. Sensitivity to fast mechanical micro-excursions and velocities. 3. Fast and precise discrimination of local mechanical events. 4. Vectorial reconstruction of superficial mechanic activity which can be used for the identification and functional behaviour of subcutaneous muscle fibres and, in addition, for the localisation of motor endplate zones. 5. The method is easy to use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Electromyography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The biomechanical diagnosis of the venous hemodynamics of the lower extremities].

Based on examinations of 147 patients the authors consider that tonometry, myography, radiothermometry and rheography of lower extremities allow diagnosing venous insufficiency at the prehospital stage. The method of mathematical analysis of the dependence of biomechanical parameters of lower extremities on the degree of venous insufficiency is proposed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

[The importance of electrographic investigations for the diagnosis and treatment of acroparesthesias (author's transl)].

Acroparesthesias may develop as a result of various pathological processes which affect the nerves of the hand. Usually the diagnosis can be made from the history and the clinical findings. If objectifiable neurological findings are lacking, electrographic investigations must be carried out. If several diseases are present, electrography (stimulation and myography) is particularly important for diagnosis and therapy. In compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, the speed of sensory conduction is delayed in about 85%, an anomalous motor latent duction is delayed in about 70%. A distal motor latency of the median nerve of more than 8 m/sec is an absolute indication for a surgical intervention. Signs of denervation of the thenar muscles also required operative treatment.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of nicorandil, a potassium agonist, on the human umbilical artery. Role of the vascular endothelium].

The umbilical arteries play an important role in the foetal circulation. These vessels, which have no sympathetic tone, are a valuable model for the study of a direct pharmacological effect on vascular smooth muscle. The aims of this study were to determine if the potassium-channel reopener, nicorandil, could relax the smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery, if glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-dependant potassium channels, can influence the action of nicorandil and, finally, to evaluate the role of the vascular endothelium. Rings of human umbilical artery 3 mm wide were placed in glycosated, oxygenated (95% O2, 5% CO2) Krebs-Henseleit solution, at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4 for isometric myography. The rings were contracted with 10(-5) M 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). After stabilisation, a dose-effect graph of nicorandil (10(-9) to 3 x 10(-4) M) was constructed. In another series of experiments, the rings were incubated with NG nitro-L-arginine (NLA) at 10(-4) M, an inhibitor of NO-synthase, for 15 minutes and then contracted with 5-HT (10(-5) M) and relaxed with nicorandil at the same dosage. In yet another series of experiments, glibenclamide (10(-4) M) was added to the bath 15 minutes before contraction with 5-HT (10(-5) M). The vessel was then relaxed by incremental doses of nicorandil from 10(-9) to 3 x 10(-4) M. During this study, no significant difference was observed with respect to the contractions to 5-HT; moreover, the maximal relaxations obtained by nicorandil before and after glibenclamide were no significant. On the other hand, only the relaxations obtained after incubation with NLA were significant (p < 0.005). Furthermore, the pD2 did not differ significantly between the different groups of vascular rings. The authors conclude that nicorandil is a powerful dilatator of human umbilical artery. Glibenclamide has an inhibitory effect on nicorandil but only at low concentrations and in a non-competitive manner. The endothelium seems to modulate the vascular tone because relaxation is greater in the presence of an inhibitor of NO-synthase: in this type of vessel, the presence of the endothelium predisposes to the liberation of contractile factors.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Characteristics of disorders of body functions in post-thrombophlebitic disease].

397 patients with chronic diseases of the extremities veins were examined, 256 of them suffered postthrombophlebitic disease. Along with the general clinical examination special investigations were conducted: ECG under orthostatic stress conditions, test tube and instrumental auto-coagulograms, thromboelastograms, biomicroscopy of the anterior ocular segment, studies of the intraocular pressure, ocular fundus, rheovasography, skin thermometry, oscillometry (with nitroglycerin stress), the extremity volume under orthostatic stress conditions, myography, non-contrast roentgenography of the lower extremities, and also the phenomenon of intradermal diffusion and pheblography. It was found that with the progress of postthrombophlebitis trophic disorders are observed in all tissues of the involved extremity. Postthrombophlebitic disease is associated not only with local involvement of vessels, but also with functional disturbances of other organs.

Adult↗