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PubMed1995

MMPI-2 profiles of worker's compensation claimants who present with complaints of harassment.

This study intended to differentiate among worker's compensation claimants with psychological problems who presented with work-related harassment and non-harassment complaints on the basis of their MMPI-2 profiles. Analysis of MMPI-2 mean scores revealed that the Harassment group scored significantly higher than the Non-harassment group on scale 6 of the MMPI-2. This was interpreted to mean that the Harassment group was more oversensitive, suspicious, and angry than the other group. There was no evidence that the Harassment group was more likely to exaggerate or malinger than the Non-harassment group. The profile pattern for both groups was otherwise very similar to those found in previous studies that have used MMPI worker's compensation claimants who present with psychological problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Validity of computer-generated MMPI reports in psychiatric patients (author's transl)].

Lachar's (1974) completely documented, automated MMPI interpretational system was transplated into German and analyzed regarding validity and generalizability in 1190 German psychiatric inpatients. The 114 paragraphs of the text library, each interpreting independent aspects of the MMPI profile, were rated for their accuracy in each individual report by the psychiatrist in charge for the respective patient. As an average, 83 of every 100 printed paragraphs were rated as 'accurate.' Further analysis revealed that the accuracy of paragraphs describing elevated MMPI profiles was substatially higher than in those describing profiles within the normal range. Accuracy rates of individual paragraphs correlated significantly (r = 0.61) with those reported by Lachar, thus confirming the specific accuracy of each paragraph. It is concluded that the present MMPI interpretational system offers descriptive clinical reports that have shown a high accuracy in culturally diverse psychiatric settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The relationship of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile clusters to pain behaviors.

Previous research involving cluster analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles among persons with chronic low back pain has suggested the existence of four distinct profile clusters. The present study had two goals: (1) to replicate the previous finding independently and (2) to investigate the relationship of the profiles to the subjects' self-reported pain history and response to treatment. Subjects were 92 patients in a multimodal inpatient low back-pain treatment program. A cluster analysis of the MMPI profiles was performed and the resultant clusters were compared in terms of histories and treatment outcome. The four clusters were successfully replicated for the total sample and for males and females separately. The profiles were significantly related to subjects' pain histories, but only one outcome difference was found. It was inferred that the MMPI is of value in understanding patients' pain coping behaviors but that further research is needed to explore the utility of the MMPI in understanding their response to treatment.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1988

Pain-patient Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subgroups: evaluation of long-term treatment outcome.

Six hundred thirty-five chronic pain patients completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) prior to participation in a multidisciplinary inpatient pain treatment program. Three male and four female MMPI subgroups were identified by means of cluster analyses for each of two samples. Pretreatment and long-term follow-up differences were then examined among the MMPI subgroups. Results indicated that the subgroups identified in the present study closely resembled each other and those previously reported in the literature. However, at long-term follow-up only a few outcome differences were identified among male subgroups, while no differences were found among female subgroups. Possible explanations for no differential treatment outcomes among the MMPI subgroups are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

MMPI, personality dysfunction and the dexamethasone suppression test in major depression.

In this study we examined the relationship of psychopathology and personality dysfunction to neuroendocrine functioning. MMPI profiles were examined for 30 psychiatric inpatients with major depression who were suppressors (60%) and nonsuppressors (40%) on the dexamethasone suppression test. There were no differences between suppressors and nonsuppressors on any of the MMPI scales or on DSM-III Axis-II diagnosis. When subdivided according to T-score elevations above 70 on MMPI scales 4 and 6, or 4 and 9, 30% of the sample, however, met criteria for personality dysfunction. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of suppressors (50%) evidenced personality dysfunction than did the nonsuppressors (8%). This suggests that certain MMPI scales are able to identify a subgroup of depressed patients with personality disturbances who also have a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A comparison between the MMPI and the 'Mensana Clinic Back Pain Test' for validating the complaint of chronic back pain in women.

Reports on the efficacy of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) for selecting patients with valid complaints of pain, have been equivocal. The Mensana Clinic Screening Test for Chronic Back Pain Patients (MPT) was able to predict, with some degree of success, patients who had definite organic pathology. However, ther MMPI measures personality traits, while the MPT measures the impact of pain on a patient's life. In order to determine which of the two tests would be a better predictor of actual physical abnormalities, and hence valid pain complaints, a comparison was undertaken between the two tests. The charts of 53 female admissions to the Neurosurgery Service of Johns Hopkins Hospital, with the complaint of back pain, were assessed. MMPI test results, as well as test results for the MPT, were compared to the presence or absence of pathology on electromyography, nerve conduction velocity studies, thermography, myelogram, CT scan, or X-ray. The MPT had a correlation factor of -0.5384, that was significant at the 0.00002 level. Of the 30 patients scoring 17 points or less on the MPT, 77% had objective physical abnormalities, considered moderate or severe by blind review. Of the 23 patients scoring 18 points or greater on the MPT, only 18% had objective physical findings that were considered moderate or severe. Only the depression scale (scale no. 2) of the MMPI correlated with objective physical abnormalities (R = -0.30). However, only 58% of the patients with T scores on scale no. 2 of less than 70 had objective findings, while 56% of patients with T scores greater than 70 had objective physical findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Back Pain↗
PubMed1993

Characteristics of chronic pain patients: factor analysis of the MMPI-2.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has been used extensively in the assessment of chronic pain patients. More recent studies using cluster-analytic techniques, investigation of sub-scales, and factor analysis have refined its usefulness. The present study factor-analyzed MMPI-2 data from a sample of 114 chronic pain patients from two different treatment programs. MMPI-2 t scores for the validity and clinical scales, as well as the Harris and Lingoes sub-scales for scales 1, 2 and 3, were used in the analysis. Four interpretable factors emerged and were labeled 'Psychological Dysfunction', 'Interpersonal Isolation', 'Psychomotor Retardation', and 'Physical Dysfunction' to reflect factor loadings. Results are discussed in terms of demonstrating support for using the MMPI-2 factors to refine the assessment of chronic pain patient characteristics.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Similarities and differences on the MMPI between women with bulimia and women with alcohol or drug abuse problems.

This study compared the MMPI MacAndrew Scale, mean profile, mean scale scores, and codetypes of women with bulimia and women with alcohol or drug abuse problems. Women with alcohol or drug abuse problems scored significantly higher on the MacAndrew Scale and several mean MMPI scale scores than women with bulimia. However, mean MMPI profiles and distribution of MMPI codetypes were similar between these two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Objective personality assessment of people in diverse cultures: European adaptations of the MMPI-2.

This article examines the cross-national application of psychological tests and examines the generalizability of objective psychological assessment instruments. The most widely used and internationally adapted personality instrument, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), is highlighted to illustrate the adaptation of psychological tests across the barriers of language and culture. The problems and limitations of using questionnaire methods were noted and effective strategies for translating, adapting, and standardizing questionnaires in languages and cultures different from their country of origin are reviewed. The history of several European adaptations of the original MMPI and MMPI-2 is surveyed to illustrate the extensive research base for the test in Europe. Applications of the MMPI-2 in clinical and non-clinical (e.g. industrial) settings were noted. Current research is described and recommendations for future research are provided.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of psychological symptoms among presymptomatic HD gene carriers as measured by selected MMPI scales.

Individuals at-risk for Huntington disease (HD), both HD gene carriers and nongene carriers, were recruited to determine whether psychological changes are detectable among clinically presymptomatic individuals who carry the HD allele. Each participant underwent genotyping to determine HD gene carrier status and a clinical assessment that included a quantified neurological examination and an abbreviated Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): the Hypochondriasis, Depression, Psychasthenia, Neuroticism, Cynical Hostility, and Irritability Scales and the Harris Subscales of Depression. The results of the MMPI were evaluated for differences between nongene carriers (NGC) (n = 363), presymptomatic gene carriers (PSGC) (n = 149), and those with manifest HD (MHD) (n = 26). The overall multiple analysis of variance was not significant, indicating that there was no overall difference among the three groups. However, when subscales of the MMPI were examined individually, participants with manifest HD scored higher on the Psychasthenia scale (MHD vs. PSGC, P = 0.005; MHD vs. NGC, P = 0.03) and the Harris Depression subscale, Brooding (MHD vs. PSGC, P=0.0005; MHD vs. NGC, P = 0.003). No significant correlation was found between the number of trinucleotide repeats on the disease-producing allele and any of the MMPI scales for the gene carriers, MHD or PSGC. These results verify the presence of psychological symptoms in the early phases of MHD but not in PSGC. Thus, further study of the behavioral and mood symptoms thought to accompany HD using measures designed specifically to detect depressive symptoms and changes in behavior specific to HD is warranted to delineate the timing of onset of the psychological symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Replicated item level factor analysis of the full MMPI.

We completed a comprehensive factor analysis of the full MMPI item pool by using recent advances in computational facilities. Nearly 20,000 MMPI protocols were collected for the analysis, however, we discarded invalid records and protocols with more than 50 missing items. Analyses were computed on a developmental sample of 5,506 subjects and a cross-validation sample of 5,632. Twenty-one replicated factors were found by using an orthogonal varimax solution. The rotated factors were submitted to several experts on MMPI for factor naming. The consensus obtained on the item factors suggests that this analysis provides an unambiguous picture of the major content dimensions in the MMPI item pool.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A comparison of MMPI-2 validity in African American and Caucasian psychiatric inpatients.

This study investigated ethnic differences on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in 229 African American and 1,558 Caucasian psychiatric inpatients. Mean differences were found on several MMPI-2 validity and clinical scales. These were generally consistent with differences between the groups, indicated by the available extratest criterion data. To identify potential bias, the authors conducted 65 step-down hierarchical multiple regression analyses, predicting conceptually relevant clinical criteria from either MMPI-2 clinical or content scales for each gender. A number of MMPI-2 scales evidenced bias reflecting minor underprediction of psychopathology in African Americans. It is important to note that, in almost all cases, the magnitude of these differences was small and not clinically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The detection of feigned uncoached and coached posttraumatic stress disorder with the MMPI-2 in a sample of workplace accident victims.

In this study research participants completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) under standard instructions and then were asked to fake posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when completing the MMPI-2 for a 2nd time in 1 of 4 conditions with different instructions on how to fake PTSD: (a) uncoached, (b) coached about PTSD symptom information, (c) coached about MMPI-2 validity scales, or (d) coached about both symptoms and validity scales. These MMPI-2 protocols were then compared with protocols of claimants with workplace accident-related PTSD. Participants given information about the validity scales were the most successful in avoiding detection as faking. The family of F scales (i.e., F, FB, FP), particularly FP, produced consistently high rates of positive and negative predictive power.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2003

Use of the MMPI-2 in American Indians: II. Empirical correlates.

R. W. Robin, R. L. Greene, B. Albaugh, A. Caldwell, and D. Goldman (2003) reported that members of 2 American Indian tribal groups had statistically significant higher T scores on several MMPI-2 clinical, content, and supplementary scales than did the MMPI-2 normative group. The present study investigated the empirical correlates of the MMPI-2 scales in these American Indian tribal members. There were a large number of significant correlates reflecting antisocial symptoms with Scales 4 (Psychopathic Deviate), 9 (Hypomania), Anger, and Antisocial Practices. There were even a larger number of significant correlates reflecting generalized distress and negative affect with Scales 7 (Psychosthenia), 8 (Schizophrenia), Anxiety, Obsessions, Depression, and Welsh Anxiety. The rationally derived MMPI-2 content scales generally had larger correlations with these constructs than the clinical scales. Thus, the differences reported by R. W. Robin et al. (2003), appear to reflect behaviors and symptoms that American Indians participants were experiencing rather than test bias.

Bias↗
PubMed2005

The incremental validity of the MMPI-2: when does therapist access not enhance treatment outcome?

The present study examined whether therapist access to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) predicted favorable treatment outcome, above and beyond other assessment measures. A manipulated assessment design was used, in which patients were randomly assigned either to a group in which therapists had access to their MMPI-2 data or to a group without therapist access to such information. Illness severity, improvement ratings, number of sessions attended, and premature termination were indicators of therapy outcome. Results indicated that therapist access to the MMPI-2 data did not add to the prediction of positive treatment outcome beyond that predicted by other measures in this setting. Findings from this initial study suggest that, compared with other resources, perhaps in clinical settings with an emphasis on diagnosis-based and evidence-based treatment, the MMPI-2 may not provide incrementally valid information. However, these effects warrant replication across different settings and samples. Guidelines for future studies are discussed.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2000

Using IRT to separate measurement bias from true group differences on homogeneous and heterogeneous scales: an illustration with the MMPI.

The authors present a didactic illustration of how item response theory (IRT) can be used to separate measurement bias from true group differences on homogeneous and heterogeneous scales. Several bias detection methods are illustrated with 12 unidimensional Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) factor scales (Waller, 1999) and the 13 multidimensional MMPI validity and clinical scales. The article begins with a brief review of MMPI bias research and nontechnical reviews of the 2-parameter logistic model (2-PLM) and several IRT-based methods for bias detection. A goal of this article is to demonstrate that homogeneous and heterogeneous scales that are composed of biased items do not necessarily yield biased test scores. To that end, the authors perform differential item- and test-functioning analyses on the MMPI factor, validity, and clinical scales using data from 511 Blacks and 1,277 Whites from the California Youth Authority.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A cultural-contextual perspective on the validity of the MMPI-2 with American Indians.

This study investigated the normative validity of the MMPI-2 with two distinct American Indian tribes. Differences occurred on 8 of the 13 basic validity and clinical scales (F, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) between the MMPI-2 norms and both tribal samples. Elevated MMPI-2 scores of American Indians may not only reflect the possibility of psychological distress spurred by historical oppression and present adversity, but also an expression of a divergent worldview. Considering the context of the historical and social production of knowledge about American Indians, it is argued that researchers and practitioners, when interpreting MMPI-2 results for American Indians, should seriously consider their interpretive points of reference, which may be impacted by dominant cultural belief systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

MMPI profiles in migraine before and after biofeedback treatment. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Migraine has been associated with specific personality traits. Typically, migraine patients show elevation on the "neurotic scales" on the MMPI, and the profiles usually reported can be classified as "psychosomatic". A crucial matter is whether certain personality traits predispose to headache problems or whether they are an effect of such problems. To elucidate this problem, common and classic migraine patients (n = 13) were evaluated with the MMPI before and 2 years after biofeedback treatment. Two subgroups were identified on the basis of degree of clinical improvement. The least improved patients were significantly older and had a significantly longer headache history than the patients showing most improvement. No relationships between age, headache history, and improvement were found within subgroups. Clinical improvement was correlated with significant "normalization" of the MMPI profiles. Thus, personality traits as measured by the MMPI seem to be secondary to headache problems and not a predisposing cause.

Adult↗