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PubMed2006

Impact of agricultural practices on microbiology of hay, silage and flour on Finnish and French farms.

Exposure to microorganisms in farm environments may cause respiratory disorders, e.g. asthma, organic dust toxic syndrome and allergic alveolitis. By reducing microbiological deterioration of organic materials, some agricultural practices have a protective effect. Microbiological analyses were carried out on hay, silage and flour samples (n=107) from farms in Finland and France (n=23) that use different methods of haymaking. High concentrations of Absidia corymbifera were found in approximately 35 % of French hay samples and only 10 % of Finnish hay samples. Concentrations of Eurotium spp. were found in 20 % of hay samples from both regions. High concentrations of Wallemia sebi typified Finnish hay (38 %) more than French hay (8 %). Rhodotorula yeast was frequently and abundantly found in Finland, but never in France. The method used to make hay appeared to be the main factor affecting the microbiology of the hay. A. corymbifera and Eurotium spp. concentrations were smaller in low-density square bales than in others. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of good agricultural practice in the microbiological quality of fodder.

Absidia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[3 possible sources of microbiologic contamination in the preparation of formulations for parenteral nutrition].

It is well known that the microbiological control of "all in one" nutritional preparations is difficult. In this work we evaluated and compared the potential contaminants that may be present in the process of manufacturing in a Centralized Unit of Parenteral Nutrition. The study has been centered on the microbiological contamination that may be introduced by the technician, by the raw materials, and that existing in the work area. A microbiological contact technique was used. The results obtained showed that the main microbiological contaminants are introduced by the technician when not observing strict aseptic measures. Another source of contamination is represented by PVC bags when they are manipulated in the pre-sterile area and are not sprayed with alcohol 70 degrees. Therefore, PVC contamination arises from the hands of the technician. Significant differences in contamination between hands washed with germicidal soap and sterile gloves and between clean and sterile surgical dressing could not be demonstrated.

Food Handling↗
PubMed1989

[Relation between microbiological monitoring and the risk of hospital infection in obstetrical departments].

1. The increased microbiological control of the total work process at maternity wards enables the timely notice of the contamination location. 2. A direct result of such control is an improvement of hygienic-technological procedures, disinfection and sterilisation at maternity wards. 3. A favourable epidemiological situation was registered during a two-year period following the epidemic (1986-1987) caused by the Coxsackie B virus with respect to a two-year investigation period preceding the epidemic (1984-1985). 4. During the two-year investigation period preceding the epimic 1,942 microbiological controls were performed at the Ginealogical-Obstetrics Clinic in Sarajevo. During the same period following the epidemic 3.321 microbiological controls were performed which is an increase of 1.7 times. 5. Increased number of controls influenced the improvement of the hygienic regime, and the basic parameters were: decreased prevalence of dangerous bacteria species, increased number of sterile swabs and a decreased number of pathogenous isolates. 6. The evaluation of hygiene and epidemiological risk of the medical equipment based on isolated pathogenous carriers prior and after the epidemic shows a significant difference (P less than 0.01). 7. There is a significant statistical difference (P less than 0.01) concerning the hygienic conditions of working clothes with respect to isolated pathogenous carriers before and after the epidemic. 8. Increased microbiological supervision resulted in the elimination of risks associated with working and floor surfaces since findings during the 1986-1987. period in comparison with the 1984-1985. period show significant statistical results with respect to pathogenous isolates (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacteria↗
PubMed1986

[Microbiology of ground water and drinking water].

Groundwater has been considered a safe source for drinking water protected against surface contamination. However, a number of reports about chemical and microbiological contamination have disproved this assumption. Besides hygienical monitoring, little is known about the microbiology of ground- and drinking water. The purpose of this paper is to give a review about the main fields of investigation concerning microbial activity in ground- and drinking-water-action. The hygienical relevant topics are: survival and transport of microorganisms, microbiological degradation of organic pollutants, turn-over of nitrogen compounds, oxidation and reduction of iron and manganese and development of methods for microbiological water examination.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed1985

[Microbiological quality of home-made cheese produced in Costa Rica].

The microbiological quality of 205 samples of home-made cheese prepared from raw milk in six rural zones of Costa Rica was studied. In addition to determining their microbiological quality, recommendations are also issued for reducing to a minimum, the deficient sanitary conditions under which they are produced. Collection of samples was done directly at the producing farms. The following microbiological analyses were then undertaken: Staphylococcus aureus, thermonuclease (TNase) positive. Determination of most probable number (MPN) of coliform organisms of fecal origin. Total count of molds and yeasts, and Enumeration of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. As the data revealed, all samples contained high counts of the four microorganisms investigated, therefore demonstrating the deficient microbiological quality of the home-made cheese. On the basis of results obtained, a series of practical recommendations are suggested to improve the poor sanitary conditions under which they are now prepared.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1979

A ladder curriculum in clinical microbiology.

A continuum of four microbiology courses for medical technology majors has been developed by the Medical Laboratory Science Program at Northeastern University. Using a system approach to curriculum design, the academic and clinical faculty identified career-entry capabilities, delineated appropriate subject content, and developed an instructional system which placed individual topics into one of four courses in the ladder curriculum: a basic, second-year, university-based clinical microbiology course stressing microbial technique and common organism identification; third-year microbiology and cellular physiology courses developing theoretical aspects; a fourth-year, hospital-based clinical microbiology rotation emphasizing isolation and identification techniques for significant pathogens; and a fourth-year, university-based, didactic course covering host defense-organism virulence interactions, infectious disease principles, and new techniques and unusual isolates as reported in the recent journal literature. Based on four years of experience with this system and in light of the publication of the 1978 American Society for Medical Technology (ASMT) Competency Statements, the Northeastern Medical Laboratory Science Program faculty is currently reexamining the continuum to insure completeness and appropriateness of overall subject content, to provide reinforcement, and to remove unnecessary duplication among the courses in the curriculum.

Certification↗
PubMed1983

[Hygienic microbiological studies of a dried egg mixture].

A study on the production of powdered egg melange has been carried out according to the modern principles and the methodology of the hygiene-and-microbiological standardization of food products. It has been established that by microbiologic indices the produce of powdered eggs corresponds to the normative documents, however, some key technologic and hygiene factors are disclosed that affect its microbial flora. Data makes it reasonable to actualize the microbiologic standards provided for in the standardization documents, introduce new microbiologic control indices, and optimize the technologic process and the hygiene regime of producing and storing the product.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative study of the effectiveness of commercial microtest systems for identification of microorganisms of different groups in clinical microbiology].

Studies of 806 strains of cultures isolated from pathological material demonstrated the possibility of using microtest systems MMTE1 and 2 (ALLERGEN Research and Production Plant in the town of Stavropol) and ENTEROtest 1 and 2 and ENTEROtest 16 for identification of enterobacteria and NEFERMtest, STAPHYtest, STREPTOtest, and ANAEROtest for the identification of respective groups of microorganisms at practical microbiological laboratories (Lachema, Czechia). The microtest kits are easy to use and fit for mass screenings; they permit simultaneous testing in 9 to 23 biochemical tests. Use of these test kits allows species identification of 63.3 to 80.7% cultures making use of biochemical activity tables and indexes recommended in instructions for the use of microtest kits and 85.6 to 96.1% cultures making use of IDENT computer software. Introduction of microtest kits in the practical activity of microbiological laboratories will appreciably improve the quality of microbiological investigations and allow the use of automated microbiological systems.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1996

[Brief history of the Spanish Society of Microbiology. VI. From 1991 to 1995].

In this sixth and final chapter of the brief history of the Spanish Society for Microbiology (SEM), the major activities carried out from 1991 to 1995 are described. During that period, the 14th and 15th SEM National Congresses took place in Saragossa (1993) and Madrid (1995), respectively. The 1995 Congress was also the occasion to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the SEM. During that period, three new Specialized Groups were created: Molecular Microbiology. Aquatic Microbiology, and Protozoology. All Specialized Groups held their own meetings. Courses on the introduction to research in microbiology, for undergraduate students, continued, as well as the Awards of the SEM for young researchers. During that period César Nombela was elected FEMS President, and Fernando Laborda was elected President of the Biodeterioration Society. The photographs of the Presidents and Secretaries of the SEM since its foundation until 1995 are included.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1997

[Requests for microbiological diagnosis by primary care physicians in the Salamanca area].

OBJECTIVES: To assess requests for microbiological analysis made by Primary Care doctors and to evaluate the quality of the procedure by the indicator: proportion of contaminated urine samples. DESIGN: A retrospective crossover study of requests to the Microbiology Laboratory in the University Hospital of Salamanca during 1995. SETTING: The study covered the Salamanca Health Area, which consists of 35 Health Centres and a catchment population of 358,408. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: The requests for microbiological diagnosis and results of the 43,317 samples processed were analysed. INTERVENTIONS: The data was distributed according to care level and the Area's Health Centres. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: 9,574 (22%) of the total number of samples received turned out positive, 27.4% of the requests originated in Primary Care (PC). The overall request rate from PC was 33 per 1,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The microbiological analysis most frequently requested from PC is urine culture. Relationship between request and positives is 4 to 1.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

[Electronic data processing system for clinical microbiology].

A computerized clinical microbiology data storage and retrieval system, which was introduced at the Institute of Medical Microbiology 14 month ago, is described. This institute has to perform routine diagnostic microbiology for hospitals in the Kanton of Zuerich including the university hospital. In addition, it serves as a public health laboratory for Zuerich and adjacent districts. Patient and physician data are entered into a data station IBM 3741 and stored on discettes. Each afternoon, these data are printed on special report forms, which then are transferred to the diagnostic laboratories. After completion of the investigation, a copy of this form containing the results is sent to the physician. Every two weeks, the information stored on the discettes are converted onto the magnetic tape "discette". In addition, the original report form, containing the codified results and the fees, are read by an optic reader, which transfers the information onto the tape "report". Both tapes then serve the computer to print the accounts as well as to summarize the results monthly in form of the medical statistics. These provide valuable information to enhance patient care. All data are stored in a cumalative microbiology data bank for later retrieval.

Accounting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Highly purified agar for virological, immunochemical and microbiological research].

A new effective method for the preparation of highly purified agar for microbiological, virological and immunochemical investigations has been obtained and the technology for its production has been developed. The study revealed that the physico-chemical characteristics of newly obtained highly purified agar are much better than those of microbiological agar currently produced in Russia and not inferior to those of the best kinds of agar produced by Difco (USA), Serva and Ferak (Germany). The method of purification is protected by an author's certificate. The production of this agar for medical purposes has been permitted. The manufacturing plant "Medbioagar", created under the auspices of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology has now started the serial production of highly purified agar under the name "Primagar". Further increase of the production of the preparation will facilitate its introduction into laboratory practice with the use of modern research methods in the fields of microbiology and virology, molecular biology and genetics, immunology and biochemistry.

Agar↗
PubMed1985

[Microbiological in-process control in drug manufacture].

The microbiological quality required of all pharmaceutical preparations necessitates raw materials and packing materials in perfect condition, and also attention to conditions of hygiene. It is also necessary to be in control of sources of contamination such as water, air, rooms, technical equipment and personnel. The paper examines the following points; the danger of contamination presented by the above sources, which conditions or recommendations exist for microbiological quality, and which methods are available for microbiological quality control within the framework of the production of drugs.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2002

A pilot study evaluating the safety and microbiologic efficacy of an economically viable antimicrobial lozenge in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiation therapy.

BACKGROUND: Mucositis occurs in almost all radiotherapy-treated head and neck cancer patients, in approximately 75% of patients receiving hematopoietic marrow transplantation, and in approximately 40% of all patients who receive chemotherapy. Mucositis is painful, may affect all oral functions, and is a dose- and rate-limiting toxicity of therapy for cancer. Radiation-associated mucositis (onset, intensity, and duration) has been shown in recent clinical trials to be modified by the use of antibacterial/antifungal lozenges. PURPOSE: The aim of this collaborative two-center phase II study was to assess the toxicity and microbiologic efficacy of an economically viable antimicrobial lozenge in the management of patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients scheduled to receive radical or postoperative radiotherapy were provided with bacitracin, clotrimazole, and gentamicin (BCoG) lozenges (one lozenge dissolved in the mouth qid from day 1 of radiotherapy until completion). Ease of use and palatability of the lozenges, patients' symptoms (swallowing and pain), and quantitative and qualitative microbiologic evaluation of an oral rinse collection was conducted at least once weekly during radiation therapy. RESULTS: No significant side effects were reported from the use of the lozenges. The lozenges were well tolerated at the beginning of treatment by all patients, with some minor difficulty associated with oral discomfort toward the end of the treatment. Microbiologic evaluation showed consistent elimination of yeast organisms in all patients. In four patients there was no growth of gram-negative bacilli on culture, whereas in two patients, fluctuating counts were seen, and one patient had increased counts. The remaining patients had significant reduction in the gram-negative bacilli counts. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the BCoG lozenge is tolerable and microbiologically efficacious, achieving elimination of Candida in all patients and reduction in gram-negative flora in most patients. A phase III study is underway to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this lozenge.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Microbiological analysis and endoanal ultrasonography for diagnosis of anal fistula in acute anorectal sepsis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Treatment of anorectal sepsis requires prompt surgical drainage, but it is important to identify any associated anal fistula for preventing recurrence. We evaluated whether microbiological analysis and/or endoanal ultrasonography could be used to predict anal fistula in patients with acute anorectal sepsis. METHODS: Five hundred fourteen consecutive patients with acute anorectal sepsis were studied. Clinical data, digital examination findings, endosonographic findings, and results of microbiological analysis were compared with definitive surgical findings of the presence or absence of anal fistula. RESULTS: Anorectal abscess with anal fistula was found in 418 patients, and anorectal abscess without anal fistula was found in 96 patients. Microbiological examination showed that Escherichia coli, Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Klebsiella species were significantly more prevalent in patients with fistula (P<0.01), and coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Peptostreptococcus species were significantly more prevalent in patients without fistula (P<0.01). Results of endoanal ultrasonography were concordant with the definitive surgical diagnosis in 421 (94%) of 448 patients studied. CONCLUSION: Acute anorectal sepsis due to colonization of "gut-derived" microorganisms rather than "skin-derived" organisms is more likely to be associated with anal fistula. When the microbiological analysis yields gut-derived bacteria, but no fistula has been found in the initial drainage operation, repeat examinations during a period of quiescence, including careful digital assessment and meticulous endosonography, are warranted to identify a potentially missed anal fistula.

Abscess↗
PubMed1997

Miconazole lacquer in the treatment of denture stomatitis: clinical and microbiological findings in Chinese patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a miconazole lacquer in producing mycological and clinical cure of Candida-associated denture stomatitis in a Chinese cohort and to study the microbiology of the conditions. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of the clinical and microbiological features of the condition and its response to treatment with the lacquer. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-one Chinese adults with palatal erythema; 15 denture wearers matched for age and sex as controls for microbiology. Clinical examination, impression for culture, photograph of palate to monitor response to treatment, and lacquer application on upper denture base on days 0, 7 and 14. Impression and photograph repeated on day 21; impression cultures quantified by image analysis. Palatal impression in controls; dummy impression as control for impression culture procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severity of lesion, incidence and type of microorganism at presentation and during treatment; qualitative and quantitative assessment of yeast growth; the latter by statistical analysis of pixel units of yeast colonies; correlation of clinical and mycological cure. RESULTS: Out of the 21 lesions (16 Newton's stage I and 5 stage II), 57% had yeasts at presentation, 10% coliforms and 33% no significant growth. Clinical cure in 3 weeks in 71%, mycological cure in 75% in 7 days; clinical and mycological cure coincided only in 43%. Polymicrobial growth of yeasts and coliforms throughout the course in some. CONCLUSIONS: Miconazole lacquer was a viable treatment option for Candida-associated denture stomatitis in this adult, Chinese cohort; microbiology comprised yeasts, mainly C. albicans and coliforms, especially Klebsiella and Enterobacter species; the pathogenic role of the latter is questionable.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Association between the histological diagnosis of tuberculosis and microbiological findings.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between the histological diagnosis of tuberculosis and the microbiological findings and to indicate how these results affect treatment. Histopathology and microbiology records were examined retrospectively. 89 cases were identified between 1984 and 1988. 67% were diagnosed as tuberculosis (TB) by both methods, 97% were diagnosed as TB or 'compatible with TB' by histology. For 7% of these the final diagnosis was found to be other than TB. 48% of patients diagnosed as TB on the basis of histology alone were treated for TB. 70% were diagnosed as TB by microbiology and treated. When matched and appropriate specimens were sent to both departments there was a high level of agreement between histopathologists and microbiologists. There was a problem with inappropriate specimens sent to microbiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Suspected disk space infection with negative microbiological tests-report of eight cases and comparison with documented pyogenic discitis.

UNLABELLED: Few data are available on patients with suspected noniatrogenic pyogenic discitis but negative microbiological tests. OBJECTIVES: To compare the features, treatment, and outcomes in patients with suspected versus microbiologically documented noniatrogenic pyogenic discitis. PATIENTS: A retrospective chart review identified eight patients with suspected noniatrogenic pyogenic discitis managed at our institution over a 15-year period. Eighteen age- and sex-matched patients with microbiologically documented noniatrogenic pyogenic discitis managed at our institution during the same period served as controls. RESULTS: The eight cases had a longer time to diagnosis, a greater risk of abscess formation or epidural infection, and a smaller number of cutaneous portals of entry, as compared to the controls. None of the cases had evidence of endocarditis or diabetes mellitus. Infection at another site preceded the discitis in half the cases. Empirical treatment with two antimicrobials (usually a fluoroquinolone with a beta-lactam or fosfomycin) ensured a full recovery in all eight cases, with no relapses or long-term recurrences, whereas relapses occurred in three of the 18 controls treated with antibiotics selected by antibiotic susceptibility testing. CONCLUSION: Noniatrogenic pyogenic discitis with negative microbiological studies is associated with distinctive clinical features consistent with smoldering infection. The outcome is favorable under empirical two-drug antimicrobial therapy, usually including a fluoroquinolone given by the intravenous route.

Abscess↗