Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MEXICO”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of the general physician in present-day medical care in Mexico].

The issue of how medical specialization does not represent a novelty is discussed. The authors also approach the question of how the advantages and shortcomings of medical care provided by both general practitioners and medical specialists have been equally addressed previously by the ancient Greek classics as well as by outstanding Mexican specialists more than 50 years ago. A short review is made of the main current demographic, social, and health-related conditions of Mexico's society and of the public health system built up in the last 60 years. Some relevant data pertaining to the number of physicians and medical specialists and their distribution Mexico's 32 states are presented. The paper also includes a short argumentation of views on medical education in Mexico, and sets forth aproposal regarding the professional profile of the general practitioner and its role within Mexico's health system, as well as the need to enhance and reconsider the role played by general physicians. Authors conclude that within a comprehensive medical assistance model, both general practitioners and medical specialists are required.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1992

Purchasing prescription medication in Mexico without a prescription. The experience at the border.

Prescription medication can often be purchased in Mexico without a physician's prescription. United States residents living along the border may have access to dangerous medications by crossing the border and purchasing them in Mexican pharmacies. We sought to determine the extent and frequency of this behavior in a sample of our ambulatory clinic population. Patients from the Texas Tech University Internal Medicine Clinic were surveyed to collect information about their use of medications, use of alternative sources of health care in Mexico, and purchasing of prescription medication in Juarez, Mexico. More than 80% of patients stated they had purchased prescription-type medication at a pharmacy without a physician's prescription. The most common reasons for buying prescription medication in Mexico were because it was less expensive or because a prescription was not necessary. These data indicate a potential for US residents along the border to take medications in an unregulated manner, a practice that could pose problems for health care providers on both sides of the border.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mental health in the United States: health risk behaviors and conditions among persons with depression--new Mexico, 2003.

Studies have demonstrated relationships between physical health and mental health. Chronic disease has been associated with depression, which, in the absence of intervention, also can assume a chronic course. To determine the prevalence of depression among adults in New Mexico and examine the association between depression and selected health risk behaviors and health conditions, the New Mexico Department of Health and CDC analyzed data from the 2003 New Mexico Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. This report describes the results of that analysis, which determined that 3.8% of adults in New Mexico had current symptoms of depression and that these adults were significantly more likely to have engaged in certain health risk behaviors (e.g., smoking and binge drinking) and to have certain health conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, arthritis, and asthma) than persons without depression. Public health programs that promote mental health and timely diagnosis and treatment of depression might also help reduce morbidity and risk behaviors related to chronic diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Bionomics and distribution of species of Hystrichopsylla in Arizona and New Mexico, with a description of Hystrichopsylla dippiei obliqua, n. ssp. (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae).

More than 450 specimens of Hystrichopsylla were collected from nests and hosts of species of Microtus, Neotoma, Tamiasciurus, and Peromyscus in Arizona and New Mexico from 1981-2004. A new subspecies, Hystrichopsylla dippiei obliqua, is described and a map illustrating the distribution of the three taxa (Hystrichopsylla dippiei truncata Holland, H. d. obliqua, and H. occidentalis sylvaticus Campos and Stark) occurring in Arizona and New Mexico is provided. Hystrichopsylla. o. sylvaticus is reported in New Mexico for the first time and H. d. truncata is a new record in Rio Aribba County, NM. Relationships of Mexican species are also discussed. These large fleas are seldom collected from the fur of their mammalian hosts (usually singly) but are prevalent in moist nests. The maximum number of the new subspecies collected from a single nest was 54. Dry nests, particularly those that are not subterranean or otherwise protected from desiccation, do not support development of Hystrichopsylla fleas. Minimum elevation at which H. dippiei ssp. is found in Arizona and New Mexico appears to be about 2,100 m.

Altitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risky eating behaviors in student population in Mexico City: trends 1997-2003].

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to identify the trends of risky eating behaviors among student population in Mexico City in the period 1997-2003 and its relationship with sex age and family head educational level. METHODS: Data from the 1997 (N = 9,755), 2000 (N = 3,286) and 2003 (N = 3,062) Drug and Alcohol Prevalence in Student Population of Mexico City Survey's were analyzed. These are representative data of students of junior high, high school and technical schools in Mexico City, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD = 1.9). Eating behaviors were assessed with a brief questionnaire developed following DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Risky eating behaviors and the number of risk indicators were compared by sex, age and family head educational level. RESULTS: The results showed an overall increase in the percentage of males (from 1.3% in 1997 to 3.8% in 2003), and females (3.4% in 1997 to 9.6% in 2003) who showed 3 or more risky eating behaviors. The analysis by age groups showed an increase in all but 16-17 year old males, and in all females, being 12-13 year old males and 18-19 year old females the most affected. Regarding the type of risk indicators in both sexes and across all age groups, an increase in preoccupation towards gaining weight and the use of purging and restrictive methods to loose weight was observed. Body weight overestimation decreased in males, while in females showed an increase along with binges in the 2000 survey but showed a decrease after that (2003 survey). The relationship between the family head educational level and risky eating behaviors did not show a regular pattern among males, while a positive relationship between both variables was found among females. CONCLUSIONS: A first overall view of the situation of risky eating behaviors among adolescent students in Mexico City and the changes observed in the period studied. An increase of these behaviors was observed along the period of study, being younger males and older females the most affected, as well as women whose family head showed higher educational level.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serotypes of 286 group B streptococci isolated from asymptomatic carriers and invasive disease cases in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains as a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in developed countries, where type III is the most common serotype. Although GBS is considered an uncommon cause of perinatal pathology in Mexico, a vaginal colonization rate of 14% in pregnant women and a neonatal infection rate of 1/1500 live births have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the serotype distribution in a collection of 286 GBS strains isolated in Mexico from asymptomatic carriers and in adult and neonatal invasive disease cases. METHODS: The collection included GBS strains isolated between January 1988 and April 1998 at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia and Hospital de Pediatria in Mexico City. GBS and serotype were confirmed by latex agglutination. RESULTS: Most strains were isolated from asymptomatic carriers (66%). 30% were invasive isolates, and 10% of them were from neonates. 48.6% were type I, 32.9% type III, 14% type II, and 4% were non-typeable. CONCLUSION: Serotype I is predominant in Mexico but participation of serotype III is increasing, and a decrease of non-typeable isolates was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cryptosporidiosis and other intestinal protozoan infections in children less than one year of age in Mexico City.

Parasitic diseases are very important in Mexico because of their economic impact and adverse effects on normal growth in children. Cryptosporidiosis has been associated with acute diarrhea in immune competent and incompetent human hosts, fecal contamination of drinking water sources, and handling of animals. Due to the lack of reports on cryptosporidiosis in Mexico, we conducted a parasitologic study in children with diarrhea and other clinical symptoms. The main objectives were 1) to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in children less than one year of age in Mexico City, and 2) to correlate Cryptosporidium infection with gastrointestinal symptoms. Two hundred fecal samples from children seen at the Gabriel Mancera Familiar Medicine Unit of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social were studied. Children were divided into two groups. Group A was composed of sick children with 6-8 watery diarrheic episodes every 24 hours attended at the emergency service. Group B was composed of healthy babies getting routine check ups. Only children in group A were found to be infected with intestinal protozoa (50% with Giardia lamblia, 41% with Cryptosporidium spp., and 4% with Entamoeba histolytica). The results suggested a high incidence of Cyrptosporidium infections in children in Mexico City, which make these observations useful for future studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems in the investigation of the control of Onchocerca volvulus in Mexico].

The treatment and control of onchocerciasis in Mexico has been supported only on the administration of diethylcarbamazine and the removal of adult worms, which are in the onchocercomata. These actions seems to have diminished the prevalence and incidence of blindness in those individuals who are affected by this parasitosis. However, there has not been an important impact on onchocerciasis transmission. The objective of this paper is to critically analyze and discuss subjects related to diagnosis, treatment and control of onchocerciasis transmission in Mexico. Chemical vector control has been successfully achieved in other world regions; however, in Mexico, it has not been fully accepted as part of the integral onchocerciasis control due to several causes. Moreover, there has been few scientific research activities toward the search of new options for vector control. Recently, results of research on ivermectin (a microfilaricide agent) have indicated that this drug is effective and safe for the treatment of onchocerciasis. Additionally, it has been reported that ivermectin has an effect on the onchocerciasis transmission. However, there are several unanswered questions about the efficacy of ivermectin in stopping onchocerciasis transmission. In this report, the main efforts carried out in Mexico against onchocerciasis are analysed and problems related with diagnosis, treatment and control are also discussed. Some parameters for the correct evaluation of onchocerciasis control, with entomological emphasis, are proposed.

Entomology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A survey of the current status of the differential diagnosis of amoebas in Mexico].

The differential diagnostic criteria for the amebas parasitizing the human colon are described. The results of epidemiological studies carried out published in Mexico are discussed and the results of a survey performed in some hospitals in Mexico City on the current differential diagnosis of these parasites are reported. The findings showed that no carriers of E. hartmanni have been reported in the studies published in Mexico so far. However, no differentiation between E. histolytica and E. hartmanni is made in those hospitals according to the survey results. The possibility that in Mexico E. hartmanni is probably diagnosed as E. histolytica is discussed and as result the prevalence as asymptomatic intestinal amoebiasis is overestimated. The necessity of making the differential diagnosis between these parasites is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Efficacy of zymodemes of E. histolytica technique in an epidemiologic study and report of new zymodemes in Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of zymodemes of E. histolytica technique in an epidemiologic study. To report the zymodemes for the first time described in Mexico. To report the main difficulties in the correct classification of zymodemes in this study. To describe the zymodemes identified in two evaluations done in 100 healthy individuals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey and a cohort of healthy persons. METHODS: We analyze the results of 1730 Robinson cultures performed in a cross-sectional survey done in the Municipality of Cadereyta, Queretaro, Mexico from October 1986 to August 1987. From positive cultures properly growth a Iysate was done and preserved in liquid nitrogen until the electrophoretic determination of 4 isoenzymes was done: EC 5.3.1.9. glucophosphate isomerase (GPI); EC 1.1.1.40 L-malate: NADP oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate decarboxylating) (ME); Ec 2.7.5.1 phosphoglucomutase (PGM); and EC 2.7.1.1 hexokinase (HK). RESULTS: Of 1730 cultures 289 (16.7%) developed trophozoites, in 100 (34.6%) was possible to make lysate and zymodeme. There were 67 ZNP, 3 mixtures (ZP and ZNP) and 30 ZP. There were two patterns for the first time described in Mexico (XVII and XVIII) and 30 strains had a pattern different from the 20 already described by Sargeaunt. Results observed in 100 individuals measured twice. [table: see text] There were 9 subjects in which zymodemes were isolated twice: at the first time 5 PZ and 4 NPZ, at the second time 1 PZ and 8 NPZ. At first time all 9 had negative serology and the second time one carrier of NPZ became positive. COMMENTS: In our study one tirth of Robinson cultures positive to trophozoites reached lysate. Efficacy of zymodemes and CPS is similar. We report for the first time in Mexico two non-pathogenic zymodemes (XVII and XVIII). We also report 30 zymodemes non-classified according to the standard proposed by Sargeaunt, one explanation for this feature is the possibility of zymodemes variability or new patterns. In endemic populations zymodeme pattern varies with time in asymptomatic carriers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[High prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with transfusion in Puebla, Mexico].

The salient clinical and epidemiological features of the first cases of AIDS diagnosed in the city of Puebla, Mexico, are reviewed. Puebla has 2 million inhabitants and 37 cases of AIDS have been diagnosed since 1984. Thirty-two percent of patients acquired AIDS by blood transfusion, 20% were paid blood donors and 48% acquired the HIV infection by the sexual route, thus making a 52% prevalence of transfusion-related HIV infection. These data are substantially different from those reported in other countries and in other cities within Mexico, where the prevalence of transfusion-associated HIV infection is about 11.5%. The high prevalence of transfusion-related AIDS seems to be due to existence of "blood centers" where paid donors are bled using non-disposable material, and they are poorly selected. HIV infection is thus transmitted to paid-blood donors which in turn become transmitters of the disease. The new regulations on blood donation adopted in Mexico abolish paid blood-donation and the selection of blood donors is more stringent. This should result in reducing the serious problem of transfusion-associated HIV infection in the city of Puebla, Mexico.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Stomach cancer among New Mexico's American Indians, Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic whites.

Stomach cancer incidence rates vary by ethnic group in New Mexico, with American Indians and Hispanic Whites at higher risk than the state's non-Hispanic White population. To further characterize the descriptive epidemiology of this disease in New Mexico, we investigated temporal trends in stomach cancer mortality and incidence rates. Stomach cancer mortality rates declined over a 25-year period (1958-1982) among New Mexico's Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites. Birth cohort analysis suggests that much of the decline was achieved prior to 1968. Stomach cancer mortality rates did not drop among American Indians during the same period. Stomach cancer incidence rates remained constant for Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Whites, and American Indian males over a 13-year period (1969-1982), but more than doubled among American Indian females. Although environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of stomach cancer, little is currently known about the distribution of such risk factors among the ethnic groups described in this report. The environmental and biological correlates of sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status that determine stomach cancer risk merit further investigation in New Mexico.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute pulmonary edema at high altitude in Mexico City].

For the first time in Mexico, two cases of acute pulmonary edema of high altitude are reported in a 6 year -old child and in a 16 year- old adolescent; both children lived in the city of Mexico. In identical circumstances, both developed progressive acute respiratory insufficiency on their return to Mexico City after several days at sea level. The final diagnosis was acute pulmonary edema of high altitude. In this paper, the producing mechanisms of this complication are discussed, together with the importance of making it known, in order to put on the lookout the medical personel, who work in the plateau, so that they may be conscious that this disturbance may occur at altitudes like that of Mexico City, (2480 meters above sea level) which is much lower than the altitude considered dangerous. (3000 meters). The most important facts of the clinical picture, together with the treatment recommended are pointed out.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Smoking-attributable mortality--Mexico, 1992.

Cigarette smoking causes neoplastic, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases that contribute substantially to disability, death, and medical-care expenditures (1). In the United States, cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death (1). Although the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Mexico (26% in 1993 [2]) is similar to that in the United States, smoking-attributable mortality has not been recently estimated for Mexico or most other developing countries that are experiencing increases in chronic diseases. To assist in the development of programs for preventing tobacco use, the Ministry of Health of Mexico used a modified version of the software program Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) to estimate smoking-related mortality (3). This report summarizes trends in the occurrence of smoking-related diseases in Mexico and estimates smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost before age 65 years (YPLL-65) in 1992.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Amebiasis in the epidemiologic transition in Mexico: its morbidity and mortality trends in the Mexican Institute of Social Security.

Amebiasis is one of the most common parasite-related diseases and one of those with the greatest impact on health. At the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security-IMSS) approximately half a million cases per year are currently treated. Of these, more than 2500 correspond to the form which invades the liver. Within the process of epidemiologic transition which Mexico is undergoing, a progressive reduction has been observed in incidence of, and mortality due to, invading amebiasis in all its clinical forms. In turn, there is a significant decrease in its fatality rate. The social and economic development and improved sanitary conditions observed in Mexico, particularly in the second half of this century, may have conditioned this process. The improvement in availability, accessibility and utilization of medical care services could also explain the reduction which has been noted in its fatality rate and mortality. The model for epidemiologic transition proposed by Omran and adapted for Mexico by Frenk, offers a plausible explanation for the changes observed in the occurrence and mortality of invading amebiasis in Mexico.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1994

Trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in New Mexico are consistent with an increase in effective screening.

The increasing occurrence of prostate cancer in the United States has led to recommendations for routine prostate cancer screening in men aged 50 years and older. Although present methods of prostate cancer screening have not been shown to reduce mortality, screening using digital rectal examination or prostate-specific antigen does detect tumors at earlier stages. To assess whether trends in incidence and mortality rates are consistent with an increase in effective screening in New Mexico, we examined prostate cancer incidence rates calculated from data collected by the New Mexico Tumor Registry for the years 1969-1991, and mortality rates calculated from data collected by the New Mexico Bureau of Vital Statistics for the years 1958-1991. Population-based measures of prostate cancer screening frequency in New Mexico are not available for the period of this study; however, the proportion of prostate cancers detected by screening, as documented by a review of records from a random sample of prostate cancer cases, increased 3-fold, from 13% during the 1969-1972 period to 41% in the 1988-1991 period. During the period of study, age-adjusted incidence rates increased from 66.3 to 122.3/100,000 men. Stage migration from distant to earlier stages was apparent in the increase in the proportion of early stage cancers from 77.5 to 85.5%, and the decrease of distant stage cancers from 21.2 to 9.8%. Stage-specific incidence rates increased for local (87.3%) and regional stage cancers (283.0%), and decreased for distant stage cancers (16.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serum cholesterol and diabetes mellitus: main independent risk factors of ischemic heart disease mortality in Mexico].

In order to evaluate the contribution of hypertension, diabetes, smoking and serum cholesterol on coronary heart disease mortality in Mexico, an ecologic study was developed. Mortality rates of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes and hypertension; the proportion of people smoking six or more cigarettes daily; and the mean serum cholesterol levels, were recorded for each of the states of Mexico. All variables were included in a multiple linear regression model, taking CHD mortality as the dependent variable. All variables explained more than two thirds of the occurrence of CHD mortality. However either using a backward or a forward method, only serum cholesterol and diabetes mortality had a significative contribution on CHD mortality (re = 0.65; F = 27; p < 0.0001). Coronary heart disease mortality in Mexico has shown an increasing trend in the last 50 years. Mexican-americans in the United States have a high prevalence of major risk factors, but few studies have done to assess its contribution in Mexicans living in Mexico. This increase may be explained by an increase in the occurrence of diabetes and the still denied importance of high serum cholesterol.

Cholesterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The homosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze HIV homosexual transmission in Mexico, epidemic trends and biological and social risk factors. METHODS: This analysis is based on 19,090 notifications of AIDS cases and on a review of two previous studies that include 3,029 behavioral interviews (together with HIV serological screening tests) carried out at the Information Center of the Mexican Council for Control and Prevention of AIDS (CONASIDA) (1988-89) and during a 1988 study in six Mexican cities. Cities were included because they were the larger in the country and/or because they were the larger in the country and/or because they were touristic places (Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Acapulco, Tijuana and Merida). Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios for HIV seropositivity and for condom use. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of the total reported AIDS cases (19,090) up to June 30, 1994, were associated with male homosexual behaviors. In absolute numbers, cases under this category exhibited a rising trend until the end of 1993. HIV seroprevalence was 31% in 2,314 men with homosexual practices who attended "FLORA", the AIDS Information Center in Mexico, from January 1988 to June 30, 1989. The main predictive variables for seropositivity were exclusive homosexual behavior, more than 40 lifetime sexual partners, mixed sexual behavior (both insertive and receptive and intercourse), sex with a person with AIDS, history of syphilis, and anal or genital warts. In general, these risk factors (data from the Information Center) are similar to those found in the six Mexican cities study. There were significant differences in HIV prevalence among the high-risk city samples (the highest in Mexico City with 25% and the lowest in Monterrey with 2.4%). Reported condom use was very low in both studies: only 5% used a condom in all of their sexual relationships. A statistically significant protective effect for HIV infection was found only for those who reported using a condom in all sexual encounters. In the six cities study, city of residence was a strong predictor of condom use. CONCLUSIONS: HIV homosexual transmission is steadily increasing; the recent decline in the percentage of homosexual cases is artificial because of the increment of cases under other categories. Men who report exclusive homosexual behavior have higher prevalence rates of infection than bisexual men. Individuals with insertive/receptive behavior (mixed) have the highest risk for HIV seropositivity, mainly because of sociological, rather than biological reasons. This difference in risks for HIV and condom use may be related to the selection of sexual partners from specific social networks. Condom use was demonstrated to be an effective method for preventing HIV seropositivity among those who always use condoms. However, it is alarming that only 5% of respondents reported condom use in all sexual encounters. Social and geographic differences in the cumulative numbers of cases, HIV prevalence, sexual practices and condom use must be taken into account in the planning of preventive programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗