Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MAMMAE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Influence of caffeine consumption on carcinomatous and normal mammary gland development in mice.

The influence of caffeine consumption on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas in BD2F1 female mice and spontaneous mammary carcinomas in nulliparous C3H mice was examined. Caffeine (250 and 500 mg/liter of drinking water) was administered to BD2F1 mice commencing 1 week after a series of 6 weekly 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene intubations, until experiment termination. Caffeine was administered to C3H mice (via drinking water) commencing at 8 weeks of age to experiment termination. In BD2F1 mice receiving 250 and 500 mg of caffeine, mammary carcinoma multiplicity (number of mammary carcinomas/mouse) was increased by 20 and 40%, respectively. In C3H mice receiving 250 and 500 mg caffeine, mammary carcinoma multiplicity was increased by 13 and 117%, respectively. In both BD2F1 and C3H mice, the higher dose level of caffeine resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mammary carcinoma multiplicity. Caffeine consumption did not significantly effect the percentage of mice bearing mammary carcinomas or the mean latency period of mammary tumor appearance. In a second series of studies, the influence of caffeine consumption on mammary gland development in female BALB/c mice was assessed in vivo and in vitro (organ culture). In mice consuming caffeine (500 mg/liter of drinking water), mammary gland development was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased compared to control mice; this difference in mammae development was more conspicuous in mice treated with mammotropic hormones. In the organ culture studies, mammary glands derived from caffeine (500 mg/liter of drinking water) consuming BALB/c mice were more responsive in vitro to a mammotropic hormonal developmental growth stimulus than were mammae derived from control mice (P less than 0.05). These results provide evidence that caffeine consumption can enhance mammary tumorigenesis in C3H and carcinogen-treated BD2F1 female mice and, in addition, enhance developmental growth of the normal female mouse (BALB/c) mammary gland.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1988

The significance of striated muscle in the mammary glands of marsupials.

The distribution and amounts of striated muscle within the mammary glands of pouched and pouchless marsupials from Australia and South America are described. Invasions into the mammary secretory parenchyma in pouchless marsupials by swathes of striated muscle from the ilio-marsupialis muscle are massive, in some instances concentrated into discrete muscles, which are inserted on to the bases of the teats; the name retractor mammae is proposed for these muscles. In pouched marsupials striated muscle penetrates the parenchyma, but the distribution is diffuse and the muscle strands are not inserted on to teats except in the instance of the glands of the honey possum Tarsipes rostratus. The young of anaesthetised pouchless marsupials hang down from the teats; as anaesthesia wears off they are hauled up tightly into the mammary area. It is concluded that this is a result of contraction of the retractor mammae muscles and that it is a means of protecting the naked young from injury by rough terrain. The mammary gland musculature in pouched marsupials is considered to be vestigial, but its contraction may have the function of initiating a 'tap-response' contraction of myoepithelium acting synergistically with the 'let-down' hormone mesotocin. Mechanisms of imbibition of milk by marsupial neonates, based on observations that they can suck fluid from non-distortable tubes, are discussed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1985

[Initial results with PAC polychemotherapy in the treatment of advanced recurrent breast cancers].

11 patients with advanced, recurrent mamma cancer were treated by a PAC polychemotherapy. The therapy was well tolerated, the incidence of side effects was low. All patients responded to therapy (7 NED, 3 CR, 1 PR). 2 patients died, one commited suicide, the other died after having developed hepatitis. Of the remaining 9 patients 7 survive recurrence free; medium follow up 20 months. These data are in accordance with results obtained by Kolarić et al. [2] and Forastiere et al. [1] who showed platinum to be effective in the treatment of mamma cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Influence of dietary fat levels on development and hormone responsiveness of the mouse mammary gland.

Twenty-one-day-old female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups and fed a diet containing 0, 5, and 20% fat (corn oil). Ten days prior to sacrifice, one-half of the mice were given injections daily with saline (0.9% NaCl solution), and the remaining half, with 17 beta-estradiol (1 microgram) and progesterone (1 mg). After 3 mo on diet and 10 days of saline or estradiol:progesterone treatments, all mice were sacrificed, and mammary glands were excised and prepared for whole-mount evaluation (No. 4 glands), [3H]thymidine-autoradiographic analysis (No. 2 glands), and organ culture analysis (No. 2 glands). Whole-mount evaluation involved a rating for ductal and alveolar development on a scale of 1 to 6. [3H]Thymidine-autoradiographic analysis consisted of determining the total number of labeled epithelial cells per anterior 3 mm of gland. Organ culture analysis consisted of placing one gland of each gland pair in basal tissue culture medium, and the contralateral gland was placed in basal medium plus mammogenic hormones. These glands were cultured for 6 days and then analyzed for development by whole-mount evaluation (scale, 1 to 6) and for epithelial area (mm2) (via computer image analysis). In saline- and estradiol:progesterone-treated mice, there was a significant linear increase in the number of [3H]thymidine-labeled mammary epithelial cells as the fat content of the diet increased from 0 to 5 to 20% (P less than 0.05). In saline- and estradiol:progesterone-treated mice, mammary gland development (assessed by whole-mount evaluation) was increased as the fat content of the diet increased from 0 to 5% (P less than 0.05). In saline-treated mice, no significant difference in mammae development was observed between mice fed 5 or 20% fat diets; in estradiol:progesterone-treated mice, mammae development was marginally increased in mice fed the 20% fat diet compared to mice fed the 5% fat diet (P approximately 0.07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Exfoliative cytology of nipple discharge (author's transl)].

Due to the exfoliative cytology of the nipple discharge, intracanalicular proliferations within the millimeter range can be detected. Accordingly, this diagnostic method is firmly integrated in the mammary early diagnostics. Within the period reported on so far 3420 women with a pathological secretion could be examined. In 1669 cases there was a bilateral secretion. Thus, altogether 5089 mammae could be cytologically explored. Mammary cytodiagnostics was centered on the bleeding mamma, the myotheliae and galactophoritis. In addition exfoliative cytology can also yield some other diagnostic results, such as the detection of fungiproved in respective cultures. Galactography which was performed in 1053 cases, may be considered to be the only diagnostic consequence resulting from a pathological cytotest. Every 6th galactogram had to be judged as being pathological, and every 5th galactogram histologically clarified revealed a malignant or premalignant proliferation. Accordingly, women manifesting a pathological secretion should be regarded as risk-patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Clinical prediction of experimental chemotherapy of gynecological tumor xenografts.

Routine transplantations of gynecological malignomas on thymus aplastic nu/nu mice (NMRI) are reported. In the course of five years more than 450 different malignous tumours were successfully xenotransplanted on nude mice subcutaneously. The take-off-rate was different: ranging from fifty percent of mamma carcinomas to almost eighty percent of ovarian carcinomas. For experiments not the take-off-rate is relevant, but growth acceleration, and therefore the number of tumours for experimental therapy shrinks to less than twenty percent of mamma carcinomas and to about fifty percent of ovarian carcinomas. The human origin of the xenotransplants-even in later animal passages-could be determined in all cases by the presence of isoenzymes Es D, LDH 1 and LDH 2. But the growing rate of mitosis indicates a change of cell proliferation of the xenotransplants. Experimental chemotherapy was performed with accepted clinical drugs (Cyclophosphamide, Platin, Adriamycin), different growth retardation was observed dependent on tumour kind: i.e. ovarian carcinomas were stronger retarded than cervical and endometrial cancers. Yet in ovarian carcinomas the individual comparison between effect in xenotransplant and patient is full of problems. The nude mice model is excellent as a preclinical prediction for the effect of newly developed cytostatics or the relevance of different therapeutical approaches.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Results of rapid intraoperative biopsies in breast neoplasms].

200 intraoperative biopsies of mamma tumors are demonstrated. Carcinomas of mamma are divided due to frequency of histological type. Intraoperative diagnostic procedures are valuable to confirme malignant tumors, especially that patients are to be spared of second operation day.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

[Mulitple primary carcinomas.--Analysis and discussion of 74 cases (author's transl)].

This study is based on the examination of 3132 patients. 74 of these patients (2,6%) had clearly demonstrated multiple tumors. Most of them were located in the mamma, the female sex organs, the oral cavity and the pharynx as well as in the lymphatic and hematopoietic organs. A significantly greater risk to develop secondary carcinomas was found in patients suffering from primary mamma carcinomas. A correlation with other tumors of the female sex organs can also be supposed. In case of other malignant tumors, it was not possible to demonstrate any tendency to form secondary carcinomas. Important informations about pathogenesis and etiology of carcinomas can be obtained by the performance of detailed examinations which have to be based on reliable statistical methods.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

[Biokinetics of tumor-affinity yttrium preparations--Part 1].

Differences of yttrium biokinetics after application to male tumor-bearing mice of 87Y-citrate were studied in comparison to a 87Y-NTA-EDTMP-Ca mixture after variation of both the manner of application (intraperitoneal vs. intratumoral) and the tumor type (mamma carcinoma vs. melanoma). The application of 87Y as NTA-EDTMP-Ca preparation led--in comparison to the citrate form applied so far--to a similar radionuclide tumor accumulation and distinctly lower extratumoral radioactivities in liver, spleen and skeleton with clearly more favorable tumor/background ratios. Melanomas showed a significantly higher radioactivity accumulation (factor 2-3) after injection of 87Y-NTA-EDTMP-Ca than mamma carcinomas. Intratumoral application led to high initial radioactivities in the tumors. Radioactivity concentrations which are comparable with those after intraperitoneal application were achieved within 4 h after intratumoral application. The application of the EDTMP-containing mixture promises in comparison to the traditional citrate form higher radiation doses in the tumor related to the whole-body radiation exposure. The consequences for a possible tumor therapy will be further investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Distribution of humanized MAb 425 (EMD 62,000) in rats and specific localization in tumor-bearing nude mice.

The murine MAb 425 (IgG2a) directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor is considered to have therapeutic potential in glioma patients. In order to circumvent immune response in clinical use, the MAb 425 was humanized by CDR-grafting (IgG1). We have studied the distribution of reshaped MAb 425 (EMD 62,000) in Wistar rats and the specific localization in female nude mice bearing human mamma carcinoma xenografts. The 125I-labelled MAb 425 was administered intravenously in a single dose (1 mg/kg) using unspecific human IgG1 antibody as control. The biodistribution was investigated both quantitatively and by whole-body autoradiography. The autoradiographs showed a selective uptake of radioactivity by the tumour tissue. 15 days after administration, radioactivity was bound exclusively to the tumour. Similar results were obtained with the murine monoclonal antibody. Quantitative studies exhibited a tumour-blood ratio of about 5. The study demonstrates that the humanized MAb 425 is selectively localized in human mamma carcinoma xenografted to athymic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Granulomatous mastitis in a patient treated with prednisone].

A 36 year old woman, mother of a two year old child developed, in the course of one night, a tender mass in the upper medial quadrant of the left mamma. Treatment with antibiotics had no effect, and after a week the patient was admitted to hospital for drainage of the abscess and further examination. She had then developed reactive arthritis. Histological examination of a specimen from the mamma revealed lobular granulomatous mastitis. This connection has not been described before in the literature. Further examination showed no signs of infectious disease or sarcoidosis. Surgical drainage had only a minor effect on the breast-mass. The patient was treated with prednisone for six months, and after one year of observation the mass has disappeared, but the arthralgias persists.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Comparison between frozen section histology and touch cytology of the breast].

Tissue biopsies of the breast with and without carcinomas were examined simultaneously by intraoperative histology and imprint cytology. In 95 per cent of the cases there was a good correlation between the histologic and cytologic diagnoses. The reliability of imprint cytology was tested in some complicated cases such as proliferating fibroadenomas, pseudoinvasive adenosis and carcinomas. In 20,2 per cent of the cases with carcinoma, the tumor cells showed peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions, whereas such inclusions were found only in 0,43 per cent of the biopsies of mammas without carcinoma. Their morphological variations and the histochemical pattern are discussed. The results have demonstrated that simultaneous cytologic examination of unfixed mamma biopsies can be a good screening method and that the intracytoplasmic inclusions may be an especially helpful histopathologic feature in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

[Intensification of chemotherapy dosage in metastatic breast carcinoma?].

During the last decades, improvements in the median survival time in patients with metastasized carcinoma of the mamma were hardly achieved. There ist still a lack of evidence that the increase in the rate of remissions due to conventional chemotherapy leads to an improvement in survival time. In 450 female patients with metastasized carcinoma of the mamma, the survival time was analyzed with the begin of the metastatic spread in relation to the treatment success of the first palliative chemotherapy. The survival time of the responder group was not significantly different to the group with a stationary tumor (p = 0.5). As patients with primary hormone therapy were included, this result changed if patients only with prognostically unfavorable characteristics (high-risk group) were selected, which received primarily and exclusively a cytostatic chemotherapy. The responder only (partial and complete responder) are profitting from the chemotherapy with a significant increase in survival time in comparison to the group with a stationary tumor (p = 0.02 and p = 0.006). Therefore, a stationary tumor in the high risk group is a result as bad as tumor progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects on the mitosis of normal and tumor cells induced by light treatment of different wavelengths.

OBJECTIVE: Although the background of laser therapy by means of low level energy and power is still only partially understood, there are nevertheless promising reports from clinical studies concerning pain treatment, the acceleration of wound healing, and the modulation of cell functions. In order to contribute to the understanding of such a phototherapeutic procedure cell experiments were performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The influence of light (lambda = 410, 488, 630, 635, 640, 805, and 1,064 nm and broad band white light) on the proliferation of cells was investigated on skeletal myotubes (C2), normal urothelial cells (HCV29), human squamous carcinoma cells of the gingival mucosa (ZMK1), urothelial carcinoma cells (J82), glioblastoma cells (U373MG), and mamma adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) in a computer-controlled light treatment chamber. The cellular response was tested by way of the following methods: The rate of mitosis was determined by counting the single cells after Orcein-staining. The proliferation index measurements were based on the BrdU incorporation during the DNA synthesis. Statistics were performed using unpaired Student's t-test procedures, stating P < 0. 05 to be significant and P>0.05 not to be significant. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after light treatment, a significant increase in the mitotic rate of J82 and HCV29 cells was determined when illuminated with lambda = 410 nm, lambda = 635 nm and lambda = 805 nm, respectively. C2 cells showed an increase only after lambda = 635 nm illumination. In all three cell lines, a maximum mitotic rate was determined after an irradiation between 4 and 8 J/cm(2), while a reduced mitotic rate was measured at 20 J/cm(2). MCF7, U373MG, and ZMK1 cells showed a slight decrease in the mitotic rate with increasing irradiation independent of the wavelength used. When an irradiation of 20 J/cm(2) was applied, all cell lines showed a slight decrease compared to the controls independent to the wavelength used. White light as well as lambda = 1,064 nm does not affect the mitotic rate in this irradiation range. No significant differences in the effects could be determined when the irradiance changed between 10 and 150 mW/cm(2) at certain irradiation values. The BrdU test did not show any significant alterations with respect to possible light induced processes compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Dependent upon the irradiation parameter, light of a defined wavelength does affect the mitotic rate of both normal as well as tumor cells. It could be hypothesized that the action spectra of the cellular response indicate the participation of endogenous porphyrins and cytochromes as primary photoreceptors. Taking into account all light induced processes, the term biomodulation should preferably be used.

DNA↗
PubMed1998

Albumin conjugates of the anticancer drug chlorambucil: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro efficacy.

In our efforts to improve the selectivity and toxicity profile of antitumor agents, four maleimide derivatives of chlorambucil (1-4) were bound to thiolated human serum albumin which differ in the stability of the chemical link between drug and spacer. 1 is an aliphatic maleimide ester derivative of chlorambucil, whereas 2-4 are acetaldehyde, acetophenone, and benzaldehyde carboxylic hydrazone derivatives. HPLC stability studies at pH 5.0 with the related model compounds 5, 7, 8, and 9, in which chlorambucil was substituted by 4-phenylbutyric acid, demonstrated that the carboxylic hydrazone derivatives have acid-sensitive properties; the acid lability of 7 was particular prominent with a half-life of only a few hours. The alkylating activity of albumin-bound chlorambucil was determined with the aid of 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine (NBP), demonstrating that on average three equivalents were protein-bound. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of free chlorambucil and the respective albumin conjugates in the MCF7 mamma carcinoma and MOLT4 leukemia cell line employing a propidium iodide fluorescence assay demonstrated that the conjugate in which chlorambucil was bound to albumin through an ester bond was not as active as chlorambucil. In contrast, the conjugates in which chlorambucil was bound to albumin through carboxylic hydrazone bonds were as or more active than chlorambucil in both cell lines. In particular, the conjugate in which chlorambucil was bound to albumin through an acetaldehyde carboxylic hydrazone bond exhibited IC50 values which were approximately 4-fold (MCF7) to 13-fold (MOLT4) lower than those of chlorambucil. Preliminary toxicity studies in mice showed that this conjugate can be administered at higher doses in comparison to unbound chlorambucil.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Monitoring daunorubicin-induced alterations in protein expression in pancreas carcinoma cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Tumors of the pancreas are characterized by a high intrinsic potency to develop chemoresistance towards cytotoxic drugs, which is the main cause of ineffective treatment. The phenomenon of multidrug resistance is known to be a multifactorial event in which several mechanisms act simultaneously. We investigated the response of pancreas tumor cells after exposure to the anthracycline daunorubicin (DRC), a well-known antitumor agent in chemotherapy, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). DRC is known to cause DNA damage and to affect tumor cell growth. Importantly, we aimed at investigating alterations in the protein expression pattern after first contact of the tumor cells with DRC, thus simulating a situation close to clinical chemotherapy and elucidating cell survival strategies following initial drug exposure. A concentration dependent up-regulation of a variety of proteins was observed, indicating that cell response to DRC involves multiple signaling events. Since the p53 tumor suppressor is essentially involved in the regulation of cell growth and controlled cell death (apoptosis) after cellular stress (like DNA damage), we investigated the role of p53 in DRC-resistant and -sensitive pancreas carcinoma cells by measuring p53 transcriptional transactivation activities. No differences in p53 activities were observed in response to DRC treatment in both pancreas cell lines, whereas mamma carcinoma cells (MCF-7), possessing wild-type p53, demonstrated the expected increase in p53 transcriptional transactivation activity. Hence, the tested pancreas carcinoma cells harbor a mutant, nonfunctional p53. We additionally analyzed the steady state protein levels of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1), which is known to be involved in cell cycle control. Interestingly, p21(CIP1 )was induced by DRC in sensitive cells in a concentration dependent manner and was highest in resistant cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that the induction of proteins by DRC in pancreas carcinoma cells, as observed by 2-DE, occurs independently from p53 signaling events, but is probably associated with increased levels of p21(CIP1).

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1988

Transplantation of human breast epithelia to mammary-gland-free fat-pads of athymic nude mice: influence of mammotrophic hormones on growth of breast epithelia.

Normal human breast tissue was enzymatically dissociated and the cells were injected into the gland-free fat-pads of athymic nude mice. Within 30 days, small, spherical, duct-like epithelial elements (organoids) formed in 68% of the fat-pads inoculated (0-23 organoids/fat-pad). Short-term (30-day) treatment of the host mice with mammotrophic hormones [secretions from a chorionic, soamto-mammotrophin-secreting transplantable human choriocarcinoma (JEG-3), secretions from a prolactin- and growth-hormone-secreting transplantable rat pituitary tumor (GH3), estrogen and/or progesterone] and/or cAMP inducers (cholera toxin) significantly (p less than 0.05) increased the size of the human breast organoids but did not increase organoid number or induce extensive and expansive growth (extensive duct elongation and branching) of these structures. Such treatments induced intense proliferation of the host mouse mammae resembling that which occurs during late pregnancy. The results of this study, therefore, provide evidence that normal human breast epithelium can be readily accepted by and maintained in the gland-free fat-pad of the athymic nude mouse, and the epithelium, within 30 days, forms spherical duct-like structures (organoids). The human breast organoids are hormone-responsive, as they respond to a mammotrophic growth stimulus by an increase in size. The failure of the human breast organoids to grow expansively in the gland-free fat-pad of this immunologically deficient mouse does not appear to be due to the absence of an appropriate hormonal growth stimulus.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

H-Y antigen expression in different tissues from transsexuals.

H-Y-antigen expression was analyzed in patients with transsexuality. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and various tissues were examined using the cytotoxicity assay of Goldberg et al. (1971). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy male and female subjects were used as controls as well as tissues from non-transsexual individuals and from male and female C57B1/6J mice. In three female-to-male transsexuals the peripheral blood lymphocytes were H-Y antigen positive. In these patients also their ovaries, uterus, and mammae were found to be H-Y antigen positive. Three male-to-female transsexuals were examined. The peripheral blood lymphocytes in two of these patients were found to be H-Y antigen negative. Their testes were also H-Y antigen negative, as well as the epididymus, the corpus cavernosum penis, and the cremaster muscle which was analyzed in one of them. One male-to-female transsexual had peripheral blood lymphocytes which were H-Y antigen positive; this patient had testis and corpus cavernosum penis which were also H-Y-antigen positive.

Adult↗