Some significant abnormal radiologic appearances in young jaws.
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Bone Resorption↗
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Results for “Lymphatic Abnormalities”
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Clonal proliferation of lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells in patients with hematological abnormalities.
Myeloid and lymphoid stem cell colony formation (GM-CFU) and L-CFU) was studied in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, aplastic anemia and other hematological abnormalities. Most patients with acute lymphatic leukemia had low number of L-CFU with decreased or normal GM-CFU, while in Hodgkin's disease and chronic lymphatic leukemia L-CFU growth was very poor with only minor abnormalities of GM-CFU formation. Aplastic anemia was characterized by a decreased GM-CFU and normal L-CFU. Coculture studies suggested that a diminished colony formation may be linked to circulating lymphocytes that inhibit L-CFU as well as the reduction in number of precursor cells.
Adult↗
[Effect of dialysates on ultrastructure of mouse peritoneal mesothelium].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of various peritoneal dialysates on the ultrastructure of the peritoneal mesothelium. METHODS: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis mice model was made by injecting domestic lactate, acetate, and American Baxter dialysates intraperitoneally. The diaphragmatic peritoneum of the mice was taken at 10th day and 21th day respectively after injection. RESULTS: After 10 day experiment, the mesothelial ultrastructure of Baxter group was normal, but some pathological changes occurred in the peritoneal mesothelium of both domestic lactate and acetate groups. And the injury of the peritoneal mesothelium was progressing with times, e.g. adhesion and exfoliation of the microvilli, shrinkage of the mesothelial cells and even fibrous adhesion. The extent of effects on the mesothelial cells varied in three groups, the least is Baxter group. After 21 day experiments, the diameters of the stomata were (6.96 +/- 2.46) microns and (6.98 +/- 2.16) microns in both domestic lactate and acetate dialysates groups respectively, which were much greater than those in physiological condition (1.47 +/- 0.88) microns (P < 0.01). The distribution density of the lymphatic stomata were significantly increased in acetate and lactate dialysate groups compared with the control group (P < 0.01). But little effects on the lymphatic stomata were showed after using Baxter dialysate. After discontinuing experiment for 10 days, the impairment of the peritoneal mesothelium recovered in Baxter group and improved to varying degrees in both domestic dialysate groups. The lymphatic stomata were still abnormal in both domestic dialysate groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that lactate and acetate dialysates are more like to elicit peritoneal fibrosis and the increase of distribution density and the enlargement of the lymphatic stomata can significantly enhance their absorption effects and increase their reabsorption quantity of dialysate from the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis. These changes of the lymphatic stomata and their lymphatic reabsorption are thought to be associated with deterioration of peritoneal function, and to cause ultrafiltration failure in the patients on long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy.
Acetates↗
Interstitial compartment pathology and spermatogenic disruption in testes from impotent diabetic men.
Studies utilizing animal models of diabetes suggest that diabetic complications of impotence involve structural lesions in the testis as part of an overall defect in the pituitary-testicular axis. In the present study testicular biopsies from ten oligospermic and/or impotent men with diabetes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. One biopsy was judged normal. The remaining tissue showed variable testicular pathology ranging from minimally to grossly affected. Seminiferous tubules had decreased tubule diameters, hyalinized tubule walls, and occluded lumina owing either to epithelial encroachment or cellular debris and exfoliated round germ cells. Sertoli cells were vacuolated and showed a high degree of apical cell membrane redundancy and degeneration. Although Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctional complexes appeared normal, Sertoli junctional specializations associated with spermatids were structurally abnormal or absent. All tubules were variably depleted of adluminal compartment germ cell types. The interstitial compartment was filled with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix concentrated around small blood vessels and seminiferous tubule walls. Capillaries and lymphatic endothelia appeared structurally abnormal and compromised by the interstitial "matrix expansion." Some Leydig cells contained a variable number of small to large lipid droplets, vacuoles, and secondary lysosomes. Results indicate the presence of tissue pathology in testes of impotent diabetic men. Discrete ultrastructural lesions in apical Sertoli cell cytoplasm are associated with spermatogenic disruption and morphological changes in the interstitial compartment suggest microvascular complications.
Adult↗
[Theoretical and practical problems posed by the measurement of capillary filtration by radioactive tracers].
Screening for abnormal capillary filtration in the limbs with radioactive tracers requires the use of molecules of a known hydrodynamic radius. The molecule labeling should be obtained with a pure gamma-emitting radioactive atom, presenting a steady bond with the molecule, in vivo. Indium-111-labeled albumin appears to be the best tracer, and should be injected concurrently with the technetium 99m-labeled erythrocytes. The latter tracer permits assessing volume variations induced by the venous blood return block needed to obtain a capillary pressure increase. A qualitative estimation of lymphatic flow, and screening for abnormal permeability of the lymphatic vessels must be carried out as part of any capillary filtration study protocol.
Capillary Permeability↗
[Monosomy 5 (-5), deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q) and acquisition of a chromosome 21 (+21) in a boy with acute leukemia at high-risk].
The chromosomal abnormality 6q-, associated with acute lymphatic leukemia, is often found both in T cell form and in non T non B cell forms. The absence of chromosome -5, frequently associated with acute non-lymphatic leukemia of the adult, has been rarely found in the acute non-lymphatic leukemia of the child. Trisomy of chromosome 21 is the most associated with acute non-lymphatic leukemia of the adult, has been rarely found in the acute non-lymphatic leukemia of the child. Trisomy of chromosome 21 is the most frequent alteration found in children and adult with acute lymphatic leukemia. In a child (aged 7) affected by acute lymphatic leukemia the karyotype analysis showed simultaneously the presence of the 3 above mentioned abnormalities. It will be important to evaluate later on how the association of monosomy 5 with the deletion of chromosome's 6 long arm and with an acquired chromosome 21, the last two being indexes of a favourable prognosis, can influence the clinical course of the disease.
Child↗
Immunophenotyping of aneuploid cells.
This review article describes the MAC and MACISH (morphology, antibody, chromosomes, in situ hybridization) methods, which allow the examination of numerical chromosome abnormalities of morphologically and immunologically classified interphase or mitotic cells. Results of studies using these methods indicate that the proportion of mitotic B cells is the same in phytohemagglutinin- and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures, that the proportions of different cell lineages vary greatly after short-term culture of bone marrow cells, that only B cells have a clonal chromosome abnormality in B-cell type chronic lymphatic leukemia and lymphoma, that a clonal chromosome abnormality of patients with T-cell lymphoma may occur in a different T cell subpopulation or at a different maturation stage in certain lineages while B cells show a normal karyotype, that only Reed-Sternberg cells have a clonal chromosome abnormality in Hodgkin's disease, and that in a proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia not only a granulocytic-monocytic lineage but also erythrocytic and megakaryocytic lineages show a clonal chromosome abnormality.
Aneuploidy↗
Retroperitoneal lymphatics on CT and MR.
We report the CT and MRI appearances of dilated retroperitoneal lymphatic channels in six patients. In two patients, these dilated channels resembled a mass of confluent low-density lymph nodes on CT. On MR urography the lymphatic channels in all six patients were seen as a meshwork of multiple tubular, tortuous, fluid-filled structures in the retroperitoneum of the abdomen and pelvis. On axial T1W images, these channels were seen as numerous, interconnected small, nodular and streaky intensities and as a cloak of diffuse homogenous hyperintensity on T2W axial images. The lymphatic nature of these abnormalities was confirmed at surgery in one patient. In another patient, the calibre and number of the dilated retroperitoneal channels reduced following anti-filarial therapy. The remaining four patients presented with chyluria.
Adolescent↗
A reticulate vascular abnormality in patients with lymphoedema: observations in eight patients.
We describe eight patients with lymphoedema who had prominent compressible ridges of tissue in a reticulate pattern, situated predominantly on the upper part of the lower leg. In five patients the lymphoedema was primary, two patients had circumferential venous ulceration, and one had marked venous disease with a small ulcer. One patient had a squamous cell carcinoma of the medial thigh and dysplastic keratoses in the distribution of the reticulate ridges. In three of the four cases in whom histological examination of the ridges was performed, the skin at these areas was demonstrated to contain grossly dilated angular vessels in the mid-dermis, many with valves visible. The vessel walls had a single layer of endothelial cells (anti-factor VIII-related antigen positive) and a basement membrane containing type IV collagen. Abnormal elastic tissue in these biopsies was similar to that in erythema ab igne. Indirect lymphography in one case did not demonstrate dilated lymphatic vessels. The body site distribution and clinical pattern of the abnormality appeared to be similar to erythema ab igne but associated with an underlying abnormality of lymphatic rather than blood vasculature. We propose that our cases may represent 'lymphoedema ag igne'.
Aged↗
Lymphatic dysplasia in paediatrics. A new classification.
A classification of dysplasias of the lymphatic system is proposed on the basis of the anatomical structures involved: lymph vessel-angiodysplasia, lymphadeno(nodal)-dysplasia and the summary of both lymphangio-adeno(nodal)dysplasias. The suggested terminology is: LAD I (Lymphangiodysplasias), LAD II (Lymphadeno(nodal)dysplasia) and LAAD (lymphadeno(nodal)-dysplasia). With this classification we may coherently group the malformations we already know, relate them to the big syndromes and to all the other angiodysplasias and also create the reference background for another chapter of lymphology: primary or idiopathic lymphedema.
Child↗
ABNORMAL LIMB DEVELOPMENT IN RANA CATESBEIANA.
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Animals↗
Predominant CD8+ infiltrate in limb biopsies of individuals with filarial lymphedema and elephantiasis.
In 34 individuals with a spectrum of clinical manifestations of Bancroftian filariasis, we investigated whether immunoperoxidase-stained, random, superficial dermal biopsies could further elucidate the nature of the diffuse damage to superficial lymphatics that had been recently demonstrated by radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy. A total of 78% and 68% of limbs from patients with clinical disease and asymptomatic microfilaremia, respectively, contained EN4+PAL-E- lymphatic vessels that were abnormally dilated. The majority of subjects, regardless of clinical classification, had a CD3+ perivascular but not a perilymphatic infiltrate in tissues and no parasites were present. In contrast to those individuals with asymptomatic infection, a striking predominance of CD8+ T cells was found in the tissue of individuals with clinical disease. Tissue pathology consistent with cutaneous bacterial infection was not observed. The prominent perivenular and pericapillary mononuclear infiltrates likely indicate, in light of current understanding of lymphocyte recirculation, the extravasation of lymphocytes from the vascular circulation into the inflamed filarial tissue.
Animals↗
Genomic instability in cancer.
Solid tumours have abnormal, deficient vascular and lymphatic systems. As a result, perfusion within these malignancies is inadequate and chaotic, and the cancers contain regions that are transiently and chronically exposed to low pH, severe hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. These microenvironmental inadequacies are present from the earliest point in the development of solid tumours, and are fully established while the neoplasms are still microscopic. Exposures to acidic and hypoxic environments have been shown to produce a wide range of cytogenetic changes. These include increases in mutation frequencies; deficits in DNA repair; DNA overreplication and gene amplification; the induction of chromosomal fragile sites, triggering genomic rearrangements; and changes in gene expression. Moreover, exposure of cells to adverse microenvironments such as those in solid tumours selects for cells which have defects in the structure or expression of the genes that normally regulate cell proliferation. The genetic changes and selection pressures induced by hypoxia may be critical in causing the development of the genomic instability and genetic heterogeneity which is characteristic of solid tumours and in fostering the evolution of relatively benign cell populations in solid tumours to increasingly malignant, increasingly aggressive phenotypes.
Cell Hypoxia↗
Cervical, cervicomediastinal and intrathoracic lymphangioma.
Lymphangiomas result from abnormal development of the lymphatic system, with obstruction to lymph drainage from the affected area. The neck is the most common site (25%). In this study, we review the literature of lymphangioma in the neck and thorax and have undertaken detailed analysis of 52 children with cervical lymphangioma treated during the 20 years 1969-1988. Cervicomediastinal lymphangioma is uncommon (4%) and lesions confined to the thorax are rare, with none in our series. Neck lymphangiomas occur in early childhood with half being diagnosed at birth and almost 90% before school age. All have a mass. Two-thirds are asymptomatic; sudden enlargement, inflammation, infection, feeding difficulties and respiratory symptoms occur in the remainder. Pharyngeal and laryngeal involvement, usually associated with large infiltrating lesions, results in acute airways obstruction. The respiratory symptoms caused by mediastinal extensions are usually less dramatic. Lymphangiomas have a characteristic appearance on ultrasound examination and CT scan. These investigations are mandatory for an undiagnosed intrathoracic mass and when there is clinical suspicion of mediastinal extension of cervical lymphangioma but should be obtained for neck swellings only when the clinical diagnosis is in doubt. The recommended treatment is surgical excision which can be achieved with no mortality and little morbidity. An initial period of observation is justified for asymptomatic cervical lesions because there is a small incidence (6%) of spontaneous regression. Cervicomediastinal lymphangiomas can be removed at one operation using a neck incision combined with median sternotomy. The surgeon must preserve vital structures (especially vagus, recurrent laryngeal and phrenic nerves) and should not necessarily attempt total removal of all lymphangiomatous tissue. Massive infiltrating cervical lesions pose a particular challenge and may require multiple operations over many years before a satisfactory result with good-quality survival is attained.
Child↗
A simple screening method for detecting gastrointestinal protein loss in intestinal lymphangiectasia.
A ten month old female Turkish child with chylous ascites, diarrhea, steatorrhea, peripheral edema and hypoproteinemia was investigated for protein losing enteropathy which probably dated from the first weeks of life. Gastrointestinal protein loss appeared to be due to abnormalities of the intestinal lymphatics. In order to detect a localized lymphoenteric fistula, lymphangiography was tried but failed due to hypoplasia of peripheral lymphatics. However, three hours after intradermal injection of Patent Blue, the dye appeared in the stools of the patient, suggesting intestinal protein loss via a lympho-enteric fistula. This observation may provide the basis for a diagnostic test for gastro-intestinal protein loss in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia.
Coloring Agents↗
Isolated chylopericardium.
A 25-year-old male was discovered to have an asymptomatic pericardial effusion during routine pre-employment medical evaluation. During pericardiocentesis 1200 ml of milky-white fluid was obtained; subsequent biochemical evaluation confirmed the chylous nature of this fluid. Following thorough evaluation a diagnosis of isolated chylopericardium was made. Following several recurrences he underwent thoracotomy with ligation of the thoracic duct and creation of a pericardial window. There are relatively few published reports of true isolated chylopericardium and the aetiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. A primary abnormality of the thoracic lymphatic valve system is postulated. The most effective treatment is surgical with ligation of the thoracic duct above the diaphragm and creation of a pericardial window
Adult↗
Pathology: cancer cells compress intratumour vessels.
The delivery of therapeutic drugs to solid tumours may be impaired by structural and functional abnormalities in blood and lymphatic vessels. Here we provide evidence that proliferating cancer cells cause intratumour vessels to compress and collapse. By reducing this compressive mechanical force and opening vessels, cytotoxic cancer treatments have the potential to increase blood perfusion, thereby improving drug delivery.
Animals↗
Adult onset of a Thalassemia intermedia genotype in association with a -alpha-3.7 homozygosity. Hb G-Accra [beta73(e17)Asp-->Asn] in combination with beta- and alpha-thalassemia in the same family.
We present the case of a 39-year-old male of mixed Black and Chinese Surinamese origin referred because of abdominal pain and extreme tiredness. The patient reported that he had received a single blood transfusion in his youth and presented at intake with a severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. A chest X-ray and computer tomography (CT)-scan revealed bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy and interstitial infiltrates. Elevated Hb F (80%) and an unbalanced synthesis ratio (beta/alpha = 0.18) were compatible with severe beta-thalassemia (thal) intermedia. DNA analysis revealed a double heterozygoty for the -88 (C-->T) and the IVS-II- 654 (C-->T) mutations in the presence of a homozygosity for the -alpha3.7 deletion. The two daughters of the proband were both heterozygous for the IVS-II-654 (C-->T) mutation and the -alpha3.7 deletion. The youngest daughter also carried the Hb G-Accra [beta73(E17)Asp-->Asn] mutation, inherited from the mother. Hb G-Accra, a mutant of presumed Ghanaian origin, described as non pathological in the carrier, is reported for the first time in combination with a severe fbeta(+)thal. The molecular background, haplotype of the mutations and a new A--> polymorphism at -309, 5' to the G(gamma) romoter, are reported.
Adult↗