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PubMed1992

In-house microcomputer software package for management of histopathology reports.

A system for computerising histopathology records developed in-house using dBASE IV on IBM-compatible microcomputers in a local area network is described. The software package uses a horizontal main menu bar with associated pull-down submenus as interface between the machine and the user. It is very easy to use. The package provides options for selecting databases by years, entering/editing records, browsing data, making multi-characteristics searches/retrievals, printing data, and maintaining databases that includes backing-up and repairing corrupted databases.

Database Management Systems↗

PubMed1992

Interactive query workstation: a demonstration of the practical use of UMLS knowledge sources.

The Interactive Query Workstation (IQW) has been developed to provide clinicians with a uniform program interface for retrieving medical-related information from various computer-based information resources. These resources can vary in content (bibliographic databases, drug information, general medical text databases), function (article retrieval, differential diagnosis, drug interaction detection, or drug dosage and administration information), and media formats (local hard disk, CD-ROM, local area network, or distant telecommunication link). IQW allows modular addition of new resources as well as extension of previously installed resources. The National Library of Medicine's three Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Knowledge Sources, the Metathesaurus (Meta), the Semantic Network, and the Information Sources Map (ISM) have been incorporated into many aspects of IQW. Meta provides information about medical terminology and aids IQW in isolating the basic concepts from a clinician's question. The Semantic Network provides information about the categorization of concepts and possible relations between concepts. It also assists IQW in determining which queries are appropriate for a set of concepts contained in the clinician's question. The ISM provides information about the content available from a computer-based resources and aids IQW in selecting an appropriate resource from which to collect information. The computer-based resource selection is performed without user intervention. This interactive demonstration shows an environment which increases the accessibility of medical information to clinicians by utilizing the three UMLS Knowledge Sources.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗

PubMed2005

Staff development planning in an academic health sciences library.

OBJECTIVE: A staff development committee (SDC) was convened to implement staff development opportunities for an academic health sciences library system comprised of three separate facilities. The charge for the SDC was to: (1) develop programs to enhance workplace skills and personal growth, (2) communicate the availability of existing programs at the university and medical center, and (3) encourage the staff to participate in these opportunities. PROGRAM: The committee created goals and objectives and developed a survey designed to give staff the opportunity to provide input for this initiative. With an 80% response rate, the survey results were used to plan 15 events based on staff needs and preferences. First-year attendance for SDC-sponsored events was 459. Committee members served as liaisons for each event. Two forms were developed to facilitate event planning. A monthly announcement sheet, email reminders, and the library's local area network are used to communicate upcoming SDC events and encourage attendance. CONCLUSION: This approach can serve as a useful model for similar program planning in any organization.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed2005

Computer skills for the next generation of healthcare executives.

Students beginning a career in healthcare administration must possess an array of professional and management skills in addition to a strong fundamental understanding of the field of healthcare administration. Proficient computer skills are a prime example of an essential management tool for healthcare administrators. However, it is unclear which computer skills are absolutely necessary for healthcare administrators and the extent of congruency between the computer skills possessed by new graduates and the needs of senior healthcare professionals. Our objectives in this research are to assess which computer skills are the most important to senior healthcare executives and recent healthcare administration graduates and examine the level of agreement between the two groups. Based on a survey of senior healthcare executives and graduate healthcare administration students, we identify a comprehensive and pragmatic array of computer skills and categorize them into four groups, according to their importance, for making recent health administration graduates valuable in the healthcare administration workplace. Traditional parametric hypothesis tests are used to assess congruency between responses of senior executives and of recent healthcare administration graduates. For each skill, responses of the two groups are averaged to create an overall ranking of the computer skills. Not surprisingly, both groups agreed on the importance of computer skills for recent healthcare administration graduates. In particular, computer skills such as word processing, graphics and presentation, using operating systems, creating and editing databases, spreadsheet analysis, using imported data, e-mail, using electronic bulletin boards, and downloading information were among the highest ranked computer skills necessary for recent graduates. However, there were statistically significant differences in perceptions between senior executives and healthcare administration students as to the extent of computer skills required in areas such as word processing, graphics and presentation, spreadsheet analysis, using imported data, and working with local area networks (LANs).

Computer Literacy↗

PubMed2005

[Development of information system at Sestre Milosrdnice Clinical Hospital].

Information Systems (IS) in healthcare are complex with a heterogeneous structure. They support decision making in healthcare and therefore must be integrated, consistent, reliable, secure and simple for use and maintenance. Data entry is strongly controlled, data are coded and ready for inventory printing or scientific analysis. Efforts in developing the Integrated Hospital Information System (IHIS) at Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb (Croatia) from a Hospital Information System (HIS) are presented. From the very beginning, the Information System was developed without planning, only to satisfy the current needs and to stay within financial possibilities. Today, many hospital departments have their own Information Subsystems and one or two servers. All local area networks and offline computers are connected to optical ring and through the farm of servers (firewall, www, e-mail, DNS-Domain Name System) to the Internet. We need a long time to achieve the current degree of development of IS. However, today we can obviously recognize a few layers of information applications just like business application, medicine application, scientific application, education application, telemedicine and Internet application. Very powerful information technology and very fast progress in communications leads to digital or paperless hospital.

Croatia↗

PubMed2005

Pilot-testing an alternative on-site wastewater treatment system for small communities and its automatic control.

The pilot test of a new alternative for small wastewater treatment system has been conducted for two years. It consists of a hybrid bioreactor and the expert system including the programmable logic controller and human-machine interface. In order to monitor its status, the real-time data was transferred from the remote station to the central station via a wireless local area network. More efficient and stable performances were observed at automatic operating mode compared with the manual. On an average, COD, SS, T-N and T-P concentrations in the effluent from the hybrid bioreactor were less than 14, 7, 12 and 0.9 mg/L, respectively. According to the result from laboratory experiments, the quality of treated wastewater with chemical coagulation process followed by sand filtration was enough to be utilized again if a final disinfection step is included.

Automation↗

PubMed2006

[Student evaluation of faculty teaching in molecular anatomy course at Nippon Medical School: results of a questionnaire survey].

For the purpose of improving education, the lecture and practices employed in the Molecular Anatomy Course were evaluated by students. The survey was performed with personal computer connected to a local area network and the results were readily exhibited on our website the following day. The total number of answers was 528 and the reply percentage was 31.2%. The average score (from 1: very bad to 5: very good) was 3.9, with a range of 3.2 to 4.8. Faculty teaching got better grades in the latter half of the period compared to those in the first half, particularly on "preparation" and "understanding". The correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between the understanding of the lecture and the orientation of practice. These findings suggest that constant evaluation by students during the whole period of the instruction is useful for improving the quality of education of our Anatomy Course.

Anatomy↗

PubMed1990

[Experience with a microcomputer-controlled blood bank administration system in the blood bank of the Hannover Medical University].

During the last three years two components of a modular administration system were implemented in the blood bank of the Medical University of Hannover (MHH). Considering the integration of the blood bank system to the central hospital information system of the clinic the aspect of independence and self-controlling by the blood bank was the most important point. This goal was reached by a couple of PC's which are compounded by a local area network (LAN). This LAN can communicate with the host of the computer center of the MHH. By this way the short staff capacity was not stressed more than absolute necessary by taking over all parameters of the central data base. On the other hand all functions for administrating the blood bank were in self-responsibility of the department. This concept of different modules has the possibility of using single parts like donor- or storage-system in other blood banks without implementing the whole system.

Blood Banks↗

PubMed2006

Implementation of wireless technology in advanced clinical practice.

The Wireless Sensors in Healthcare Project focused on the implementation of wireless technology in healthcare. Wireless biomedical sensors for monitoring of continuous invasive arterial blood pressure were developed and evaluated under controlled conditions during laparoscopic surgery. The project has resulted in the first publication of clinical use of a wireless biomedical sensor for invasive measurement of arterial blood pressure in a pilot study. A second demonstrator for wireless clinical decision support based on the first demonstrator was developed. Wireless technologies used were Bluetooth, wireless local area network and GPRS/mobile telephones. Further research is needed to evaluate the wireless clinical decision support system. Critical care nurses and nurse anesthetists are potential users of wireless technology. Their clinical expertise is important in development of-, and future use of wireless technology.

Critical Care↗

PubMed1992

Comprehensive computerized neonatal intensive care unit data system including real-time, computer-generated daily progress notes.

A neonatal intensive care unit patient data system, NeoData, which was developed using microcomputers connected by a local area network, is described. The system allows for real-time generation of daily progress notes, as well as admission and discharge summaries. It includes two databases: one for daily patient data and one for admission/discharge summary data. Both sets of data are easily accessible for later analysis and report generation. The daily patient data are entered directly into a computer by the neonatal intensive care unit medical and nurse practitioner staff; a progress note is printed immediately thereafter for inclusion in the patient's chart. Data from the previous day are selectively carried forward into the current day's note, minimizing data entry. Several benefits are derived from this progress note system, including legibility, tracking of laboratory and other data, tracking of management plans and procedures due at a later date, and significant time savings. The system has proved to be easy to learn, and the neonatal intensive care unit staff have found it to contribute to the efficient delivery of patient care.

Computers↗

PubMed1991

[Severe bradycardia and hypotension during spinal anesthesia: a report of five cases without morbidity].

We reported five cases of sudden onset of bradycardia and hypotension during spinal anesthesia in which measurable parameters of the patients were monitored continuously by inter-operating-room local area network system. In the first two cases, episodes of bradycardia and hypotension were caused by incomplete spinal blockade. In the third patient, severe bradycardia was preceded by gradual decrease of heart rate following high spinal blockade. In the last two cases of high spinal anesthesia, no remarkable change of the heart rate was observed before sudden onset of bradycardia and hypotension. All five patients were easily and adequately treated and they showed no signs of hypoxia. We would like to emphasize the importance of adequate and continuous monitoring during spinal anesthesia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

A computer method for visual presentation and programmed evaluation of labor.

Manual graphing of the progress of labor is considered useful but is not often done. The early detection of some deviations requires special graphics aids. Our objective was to develop an easy-to-use computer program for the integrated visual presentation of information characterizing the progress of labor. Through the use of inexpensive personal computers equipped with graphics monitors, the program provides a combined graphics display of timed progressive cervical dilatation, fetal station, and stimulation of uterine activity (oxytocin infusion). For the early detection of abnormalities, phase-specific normal ranges (reference areas) are displayed. In addition, protraction/arrest as well as precipitate labor disorders are highlighted and computer messages are displayed. The program was evaluated through the assessment of 405 labors entered into a local area network of computers. On average, the program identified 1.5 abnormalities per recorded labor (2.0 for labors resulting in vaginal delivery). The graphic presentation of the labor curve, produced within 3 seconds, displayed 27% more information than the tabular format on the same screen area and provided a single-screen display of the labor curve even for patients with excessive data. The computer-generated display of labor curves facilitates visual presentation and interpretation of labor progress and can also help to translate quality assurance criteria into clinical practice.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed1990

[Should doctors contribute more to the development of computer-based information systems at hospitals?].

In our X-ray department we have used a commercially available database computer program to design a system for storing information about the X-ray examinations performed. The system runs on a local area network. We have been able to quickly modify the system in the light of feedback from the users. Using modern database programs for personal computers has made it quite easy for doctors to participate directly in the design of information systems for use in hospitals.

Hospital Information Systems↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Electronic data processing in public health offices in Schleswig-Holstein--current status and future developments].

There are several fields of activities in Public Health administration that can be rationalised or managed by electronic data processing. This includes typical data bases of Public Health services, text processing, communication, information base searches, statistical and epidemiological evaluations. In some administrations of Slesvig-Holstein, personal computers have been successfully installed for a limited range of functions. The possibility of linking up personal computers in local area networks or multiuser systems is discussed.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1988

Knowledge-based automation.

Future technologic advances in microcomputer hardware will allow us to build complex interactive information systems that go far beyond conventional laboratory management functions to address the needs of laboratorians as well as physicians in patient care activities. These systems will use a "local-area network to transmit not only text but also images to workstations throughout a hospital. Unlike current systems driven from a central computer, future systems will decentralize much of the memory and processing to individual workstations." The expansion of software tools for modeling the decision-making process coupled with the development and testing of useful systems in relatively narrow problem domains will help the laboratory construct the necessary knowledge bases for future applications. Such systems will present complex medical data in a useful, informative manner, leading to a more rapid, consistent, and, it is hoped, cost effective decision making process. Utilizing these techniques, laboratory medicine can play a crucial role in fostering the appropriate and logical use of the laboratory.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1987

Neuronet: implementation of an integrated clinical neurophysiology system.

A distributed computing facility that subserves a wide variety of clinical and research neurophysiology functions is described. The backbone of the system is an Ethernet local area network to which are attached a number of "sub"-networks defined by functional requirements. A variety of computer systems are attached to the network, many of which are mounted in portable racks. The capabilities of the overall system are described along with the functions it serves.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1986

Beyond the library: IAIMS at Georgetown University.

The strategic planning process and the pilot phase projects undertaken by Georgetown University for an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) are described. Emphasis is placed on core services such as a local area network, an academic information management center in the library, and expansion of health sciences databases for improved access to biomedical information. Special applications in education and clinical care are highlighted. The library, a key to IAIMS activities, has emerged in a leadership role at Georgetown.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1986

Radiology systems of the 1990s--meeting the challenge of change.

Digital imaging technology, particularly reconstructed images such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, has fueled the increased demand for radiologic services but has intensified storage and communications problems. Today more than 25% of radiologic examinations are digital in origin and, with progressive replacing of film images by digital images likely through the introduction of imaging plate technology, the radiology profession is undertaking the massive effort of evolving a new system where digital images will be transmitted, stored, retrieved and displayed by a multicomponent system connected by a local area network. Through this system, images will be nearly instantly accessible to anyone who needs them.A leading hypothesis is that when the volume of digital examinations reaches 50% of the whole, cost and efficiency considerations will lead to a massive conversion to the digital image management system, which will progress spontaneously. This conversion, unless planned for in today's equipment acquisitions, could lead to great economic stress in hospitals. The 50% point may be reached by the early 1990s.

Hospital Information Systems↗