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PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of photocoagulation during surgery for retinal detachment].

On the basis of a 10-years clinical material comprising 95 eyes operated for retinal detachment in the Department of Ophthalmology in Krakow the authors evaluated the usefulness of xenon and laser coagulation as a method complementing the blockade of the retinal holes. It had been used in 18 p.c. of all operated eyes attaining in this group of cases the re-apposition of the retina in 61 p.c. The efficacy of the coagulation depended on the adherence of the retina and showed itself as formation during the surgery of visible foci and the development of a distinct, pigmented scar. There were no complications connected with photocoagulation as well the xenon as the laser one; all this encourages to employ both these methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraocular complications following Custodis-Lincoff operation].

This investigation is based on 262 cases of retinal detachment treated with episcleral silastic sponge implants and cryopexy. Anatomical restoration of the retina after one operation or more was successful in 89 percent. Drainage of subretinal fluid was carried out in 52 percent of the cases. Supplementary light-coagulation 3 or 4 weeks after the operation was applied in 43 cases (17 percent) in order to seal off retinal holes on the buckle due to inadequate chorioretinal adhesion following cryopexy. Insufficient adhesion was directly related to the retinal elevation in the area of the tear. Chorioretinal haemorrhages in the group without release of subretinal fluid were caused by the following factors: Repeated cryo-application in the same place, application of the probe on the open part of the tear instead of around the tear, sponge-fixation in the immediate area to vortex veins, pressure exerted by the sponge on choroidal and retinal vessels, particularly in persons of advanced age. Local haze of the vitreous corresponding to the location of the cryp-application was directly related to the number of applications and the position of the tear. Vitreous haze was more frequent where the hole was situated towards the ciliary body. Pigment migration was observed in 9 percent of the cases. It should be noted that this complication was also encountered preoperatively in a group amounting to 4 percent of the total number of cases after padding of the eyes and absorption of subretinal fluid. Such cases should be distinguished from those of postoperative occurrence of pigment migration. Detachment of the choroid happened more often in the group in which subretinal fluid was released. In this group expulsive haemorrhage also occurred, which, apart from the choroidal detachment, resulted, immediately upon drainage of subretinal fluid, in high intracular pressure. Macular puckering was noticed in 5 cases (2,7 percent). In 4 out of the 5 cases with this complication, the tear was located towards the posterior pole and sponge fixation was radial.

Choroid↗
PubMed2004

[Flourescein angiography and ultrastructure studies on retina after laser photocoagulation].

OBJECTIVE: The fluorescein angiographs and ultrastructure changes as well as the repairable process of retina after photocoagulation were analyzed to provide scientific basis for the rationale of using laser in the treatment of retinal lesions. METHODS: Normal retinae were coagulated using I, II, III grade photic spots and were exposed to fluorescein angiography 1, 3, 7 days before the necessary exenteration in conformity with the informed consent given by 7 patients with malignant tumor of orbit. The retina from the removed globe was cut into thin sections and observed by use of electron microscope. RESULTS: Fluorescein angiography: Fluorescein leaked in photic spots 1 day after photocoagulation. Leakage relieved with central small fluorescein block 3 days after photocoagulation. Leakage disappeared with central fluorescein block 7 days after photocoagulation. Ultrastructure: 1 day after photocoagulation, I grade photic spot, some retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) cells were swellen and necrotic. Partial photoreceptors were lysed and disarranged. Cells of outer nuclear layer decreased in number. II grade photic spot, RPE and photoreceptors were destroyed. Some necrotic and apoptotic cells appeared in the outer nuclear layer. Structure of outer plexiform layer became disorganized. III grade photic spot, retina was destroyed severely. 3 days after photocoagulation, cell edema and debris decreased. Phagocytes appeared, RPE and Müller cells started proliferation. 7 days after photocoagulation, proliferative RPE and Müller cells replaced the damaged areas of the retina. Retinal structure disorganization increased gradually from I to III spot. CONCLUSION: Photocoagulation caused fluorescein leakage of retina, apoptosis of RPE and neuron, and damage to other structure. Subsequently, the proliferous RPE and Müller cells repaired the destroyed areas of retina.

Fluorescein Angiography↗
PubMed2005

[Cellular characteristics of cultured non-pigmented ciliary epithelium from adult pigs].

PURPOSE: To compare the reactive proliferation of non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells in patients with cyclitis, or after cyclophotocoagulation and cyclocryocoagulation, and the cultured non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells from adult pigs. METHODS: Porcine ciliary epithelial cells were cultured and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells were isolated. Detection of DNA synthesis, morphological observation by a phase contrast microscope and a transmission electron microscope, and staining of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase were carried out. RESULTS: The cells proliferated without showing contact inhibition of growth or reconstitution of epithelial morphology. With a decrease of proliferative activity, the cultured cells expressed senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. Although DNA synthesis persisted for a long time, some cells in later culture periods showed morphologically abnormal nuclei or plural nuclei indicating dysfunction of cell division, or apoptotic features. CONCLUSION: The uncontrolled growth and loss of the epithelial nature of non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells in vitro resembles the process of formation of cyclitic membrane and proliferation of ciliary epithelium after cyclophotocoagulation and cyclocryocoagulation in patients. Observatin of the behavior of cultured non-pigment epithelial cells could aid in understanding the mechanism of cyclitic membrane formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A "hidden" deficit in central vision in diabetic pan-retinal photocoagulation patients.

Adaptation ability in the center of vision was tested in diabetic patients treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy and in normal control subjects. This was accomplished with a specially designed contrast sensitivity testing regimen. Patients with retinopathy showed "hidden" deficits, losses in adaptation ability that could not be measured by standard clinical tests, such as visual acuity. This new test thus quantifies a previously unmeasured visual problem that affects the everyday visual function of these patients.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of retinal detachment due to macular holes without application of any form of energy].

A new technique for treating retinal detachments due to macular holes avoids the application of any form of energy, cryo- or light-coagulation, or diathermy, to the macula. The only procedure employed involves the fixation of a silastic sponge, 14-17 mm long and 7.5 mm in diameter, to the posterior pole of the sclera in the vertical axis (12-6 o'clock), and suturing it at its extremities after stretching. This provokes an indentation obstructing the macular hole. Anatomical and functional results have been excellent, 17 of the 20 cases treated in this way obtaining useful vision due to avoidance of the perimacular zone.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of retinal detachment due to macular holes without chorio-retinal lesions. A seven-year follow-up study.

For the treatment of retinal detachment arising from macular holes we do not apply cryotherapy, light-coagulation, or diathermy in the area of the macula. Our method involves merely the fixation of a silastic sponge of 14-17 mm length and 7.5 mm diameter at the posterior part of the eyeball corresponding to macula and along the meridian of 12-6 o'clock axis. The sponge is stretched and then fixed at both ends to the sclera away from the posterior pole. The stretching and fixation of the sponge creates the proper indentation which closes the macular hole. By avoiding energy application we obtain better visual acuity. The present paper describes the results we have had in the last 7 years exclusively using this technique.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1995

[Partial regression of Barret esophagus with high grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma after photocoagulation and endocurietherapy under antisecretory treatment].

Barrett's oesophagus is a premalignant condition. The possibility of eradicating at least partially the metaplastic epithelium has been reported recently. In this case report, a patient with Barrett's oesophagus complicated by high grade dysplasia and focal adenocarcinoma was treated by Nd:Yag laser then high dose rate intraluminal irradiation while on omeprazole 40 mg/day. A partial eradication of Barrett's oesophagus and a transient tumoural regression were obtained. Histologically, residual specialized-type glandular tissue was observed beneath regenerative squamous epithelium. Four months after intraluminal irradiation, a local tumoural recurrence was detected while the area of restored squamous epithelium was unchanged on omeprazole 40 mg/day. This indicates that physical destruction of Barrett's oesophagus associated with potent antisecretory treatment can induce a regression of the metaplastic epithelium, even in presence of high grade dysplasia. The persistence of specialized-type glands beneath the squamous epithelium raises important issues about its potential malignant degeneration.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Overview and new technology in cyclodestructive procedures.

When all medical and surgical measures have failed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with severe and uncontrolled glaucoma, ophthalmologists must turn to cyclodestructive procedures to decrease aqueous production. Several months ago, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) came through with an approval for a new technology in cyclophotocoagulation therapy. The IRIS Medical G-Probe used in conjunction with a semiconductor diode laser may be the superior alternative to previously available cyclodestructive techniques for which ophthalmologists have been searching.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed1994

[Photocoagulation in the edematous and non-edematous retina with the cw-laser of different wavelengths].

The impact of wavelength upon the laser power required in photocoagulation of oedematous and non-oedematous retinal areas was investigated in a restricted clinical study. The following laser systems were applied: an argon laser (514 nm), a diode-pumped frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) and a diode laser (810 nm). All lasers had broadly similar properties as regards beam characteristics, beam conduction and application optics. Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with diabetic retinopathy were included in the study. Each eye was treated with each laser in areas of edema and no edema. Apart from the wavelength, laser power was the only variable permitted. The power required for photocoagulation at 514 nm and 532 nm was identical under every aspect of the study. In comparison with 514 nm or 532 nm photocoagulations, 810 nm photocoagulations required 6.0 +/- 0.9-fold higher power settings in nonedematous retina and 5.75 +/- 1.0 fold higher power settings in edematous retina. At every wavelength investigated, retinal edema raised the average laser power needed by more than 20%. The extent of this effect seems to decline with longer wavelengths.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bleeding peptic ulcer: pathogenesis and endoscopic therapy.

The presence of stigmata of hemorrhage in a peptic ulcer indicate an increased risk of rebleeding and the need for endoscopic intervention. Clinical trials indicate that laser photocoagulation, multipolar and heater probe coagulation, and injection therapy are all effective in decreasing bleeding from peptic ulcer disease. The modality used for the individual patient depends on available resources and the experience of the endoscopist. Laser photocoagulation is used infrequently, not because of a lack of efficacy but because of its increased cost and impracticality, including its lack of portability. Multipolar coagulation and heater probe coagulation are commonly employed but may give way to injection therapy as first-line therapy, because it is equally effective, cost less, and is easy to implement in a variety of clinical settings.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

[Histology of retinal lesions after continuous irradiation and selective micro-coagulation of the retinal pigment epithelium].

Mild continuous wave (CW) irradiation (100 ms, 20 mW, 514 nm) and irradiation with 100 repetitive 5 microseconds laser pulses (3 or 6 microJ, 514 nm) at a repetition rate of 500 Hz was performed to the regio macularis of chinchilla rabbits. The angiographically visible lesions were histologically followed up to 4 weeks. With both irradiation modalities the original retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was replaced by a monolayer of new RPE cells. Only minimal immediate and no subsequent damage to the photoreceptors was found after selective RPE photocoagulation. Only minimal inflammatory response was found after selective RPE photocoagulation in contrast to CW photocoagulation where macrophages, RPE cells and lymphocytes regularly appear in the damaged photoreceptor layer.

Animals↗