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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Cloning and expression analysis of the chicken DEAD box gene DDX1.

DEAD box proteins are putative RNA unwinding proteins found in organisms ranging from mammals to bacteria. While some DEAD box genes expressed in higher eukaryotes are ubiquitous, others have distribution profiles that suggest a cell-, tissue-, or developmental-specific role. The DEAD box gene, DDX1, was identified by differential screening of a subtracted retinoblastoma cDNA library. A limited survey of human fetal tissues indicated that DDX1 mRNA has a widespread distribution but is not uniformly expressed in all tissues. To further document the spatial and temporal distribution of DDX1 during embryonic development, we cloned the chicken DDX1 cDNA. The predicted amino acid sequence of chicken DDX1 was 93% identical to that of human DDX1. All DEAD box motifs, as well as a SPRY domain, were present in chicken DDX1. Northern and Western blot analyses showed highest levels of DDX1 at early stages of development. Tissue maturation was generally accompanied by a decrease in expression, although DDX1 levels remained elevated in late embryonic retina and brain. In situ hybridization of retinal tissue sections revealed widespread distribution of DDX1 mRNA at early developmental stages with preferential expression in amacrine and ganglion cells of the differentiated tissue. Preferential expression of DDX1 was also observed in specific areas of the brain in older embryos, such as the external granule layer of the cerebellum. These results suggest a specific role for DDX1 in subsets of differentiated cells as well as a more general role in undifferentiated cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

T-cell epitope determination.

Synthetic approaches to T-cell epitope determination have recently been developed that complement the search for natural T-cell epitopes and the investigation of the preferences of the different MHC alleles for particular motifs in cognate peptide sequences. The combination of these different strategies opens new possibilities for basic, as well as for applied, immunology. The outlines of the strategies for determination of natural T-cell epitopes are well established. These strategies have contributed substantially to our understanding of the nature of T-cell epitopes and of many diseases. Positional scanning approaches with random synthetic peptide libraries allow comprehensive surveys of the sequence requirements for peptide selection by MHC molecules and for induction of T-cell responses. Synthetic T-cell epitopes can be determined independently of the knowledge of the natural T-cell antigen. This opens new perspectives for the development of synthetic vaccines, TCR antagonists and MHC blockers.

Antigen Presentation↗
PubMed2000

Development and assessment of a radiology core curriculum in health care policy and practice.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a core curriculum in health policy and practice for radiology residents and fellows, to determine whether such a curriculum would be considered professionally valuable by participants, and to determine if the curriculum would influence participants' careers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A core curriculum in health policy and practice was developed, involving 19 seminars presented over 5 weeks. Twelve faculty members presented comprehensive and integrated information relevant to current and future radiology practice. Topic clusters included health care structure and payment, technology and health services, radiology practice management, and career issues. Classroom teaching was supplemented by a course syllabus and resource library. Participants were surveyed following each seminar and at the conclusion of the curriculum. RESULTS: Participants described their baseline knowledge of each topic as weak. As a result of the curriculum, self-described knowledge ratings increased considerably. Interest in curriculum topics and perception of their importance and relevance to radiology practice increased. Of respondents, 84% (26 of 31) described the curriculum as having very good or excellent educational value. All respondents indicated that the curriculum should be repeated in the future, 42% (13 of 31) indicated that the curriculum motivated them to pursue further related education, and 61% (19 of 31) developed interest in personal involvement in administrative issues and radiology organizations. CONCLUSION: A core curriculum in health policy and practice was successfully integrated into radiology training. The curriculum resulted in increased knowledge, interest, and perceived importance of medical management issues by residents and fellows and stimulated their interest in pursuing further management education and involvement in radiology administration and organizations.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defining privileged reagents using subsimilarity comparison.

We have developed a new method for assigning a drug-like score to reagents. This algorithm uses topological torsion (TT) 2D descriptors to compute the subsimilarity of any given reagent to a substructural element of any compound in the CMC. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by scoring a test set of reagents derived from the "Comprehensive Survey of Combinatorial Library Synthesis: 2000" (J. Comb. Chem.). R-groups were extracted from the most-active compounds found in each of the reviewed libraries, and the distribution of the subsimilarity scores for these monomers were compared to the ACD. This comparison showed a dramatic shift in the distribution of the JCC R-group subset toward higher subsimilarity scores in comparison to the entire ACD database. The ACD was also used to examine the relationship between molecular weight and various subsimilarity scoring algorithms. This analysis was used to derive a subsimilarity score that is less biased by molecular weight.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Management by agreement: contracting for library services in South West Thames.

On 1 April 1991, the financial base of the NHS underwent its most dramatic change since its inception in 1948. All NHS services are now based on contracts and this has major implications for library services. This change was perceived by the South West Thames Regional Library Service as presenting a unique opportunity and the paper outlines the background to the thinking and the strategy adopted to meet the challenges. Sources of library funding and precise spending details were identified by means of a survey and contracts agreed covering all NHS staff in each of the 13 districts. The contracts are operating as 'shadow contracts' for 1991-92 allowing a valuable period of evaluation and monitoring before any money actually changes hands. The survey form for collecting library budgetary information and the service agreement are included as Appendices to the article.

Budgets↗
PubMed1998

Comparing genomes in terms of protein structure: surveys of a finite parts list.

We give an overview of the emerging field of structural genomics, describing how genomes can be compared in terms of protein structure. As the number of genes in a genome and the total number of protein folds are both quite limited, these comparisons take the form of surveys of a finite parts list, similar in respects to demographic censuses. Fold surveys have many similarities with other whole-genome characterizations, e.g., analyses of motifs or pathways. However, structure has a number of aspects that make it particularly suitable for comparing genomes, namely the way it allows for the precise definition of a basic protein module and the fact that it has a better defined relationship to sequence similarity than does protein function. An essential requirement for a structure survey is a library of folds, which groups the known structures into 'fold families.' This library can be built up automatically using a structure comparison program, and we described how important objective statistical measures are for assessing similarities within the library and between the library and genome sequences. After building the library, one can use it to count the number of folds in genomes, expressing the results in the form of Venn diagrams and 'top-10' statistics for shared and common folds. Depending on the counting methodology employed, these statistics can reflect different aspects of the genome, such as the amount of internal duplication or gene expression. Previous analyses have shown that the common folds shared between very different microorganisms, i.e., in different kingdoms, have a remarkably similar structure, being comprised of repeated strand-helix-strand super-secondary structure units. A major difficulty with this sort of 'fold-counting' is that only a small subset of the structures in a complete genome are currently known and this subset is prone to sampling bias. One way of overcoming biases is through structure prediction, which can be applied uniformly and comprehensively to a whole genome. Various investigators have, in fact, already applied many of the existing techniques for predicting secondary structure and transmembrane (TM) helices to the recently sequenced genomes. The results have been consistent: microbial genomes have similar fractions of strands and helices even though they have significantly different amino acid composition. The fraction of membrane proteins with a given number of TM helices falls off rapidly with more TM elements, approximately according to a Zipf law. This latter finding indicates that there is no preference for the highly studied 7-TM proteins in microbial genomes. Continuously updated tables and further information pertinent to this review are available over the web at http://bioinfo.mbb.yale.edu/genome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

The OCLC-SERHOLD connection: an evolution in health sciences union listing.

The OCLC Union List Subsystem (OCLC ULS) provides a standard, high quality, and widely used means of managing union list data. Over the last several years, OCLC ULS tape products have been used by thirteen health sciences libraries or groups to update SERHOLD. These thirteen libraries or groups were surveyed to examine practices in using OCLC to update SERHOLD. The National Library of Medicine's (NLM) processing of OCLC tape products was assessed to determine how OCLC data are handled by SERHOLD. Most important are the assignment of OCLC holdings symbols, OCLC record selection criteria, tape pull cycles, and the processing of exception reports produced by NLM as a result of tape loads.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed1983

Health science libraries in the United States: I. Overview of the post-World War II years.

Data from three surveys of health sciences libraries in the United States (1969, 1973, and 1979) were analyzed within the context of scientific, technological, and sociopolitical developments. Findings included decrease in the number of separately administered libraries, growth of some, decline or discontinuation of others, and geographic movement. Overall, the aggregate resources are increasing, as is cooperation among libraries.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed2002

A study of issues in administering library services to nursing studies students at Glasgow Caledonian University.

Glasgow Caledonian University has had a Scottish Office pre-registration nursing and midwifery contract since 1996. Nursing studies students seemed dissatisfied with the library service and there were frequent complaints. A major study was undertaken during 2000 consisting of: an initial lis-link enquiry, separate analysis of returns from nursing studies students of the Library's annual general satisfaction survey (conducted every February), separate analysis of returns from nursing studies students of the Library's opening hours planning survey, and four focus groups held in October 2000. These studies showed the concerns of nursing studies students to be similar to other students but more strongly felt. The four main issues were textbook availability, journal availability, opening hours and staff helpfulness. Working conditions, placement requirements, study requirements and domestic circumstances were all found to be important factors. IT skill levels tended to be low but there is a growing appreciation of the need for training in this area. Concluded that: Library's services to nursing studies students have become enmeshed with the problems of delivery and assessment of education for nurses. Greatly extended opening hours are essential including evening opening during vacations. The problem of access to textbooks is so severe that conventional solutions are not going to work. Programmes of core text digitization and the promotion of e-books are needed. Reciprocal access programmes with local hospital libraries is essential.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed2006

The Medical Library Association Benchmarking Network: results.

OBJECTIVE: This article presents some limited results from the Medical Library Association (MLA) Benchmarking Network survey conducted in 2002. Other uses of the data are also presented. METHODS: After several years of development and testing, a Web-based survey opened for data input in December 2001. Three hundred eighty-five MLA members entered data on the size of their institutions and the activities of their libraries. The data from 344 hospital libraries were edited and selected for reporting in aggregate tables and on an interactive site in the Members-Only area of MLANET. The data represent a 16% to 23% return rate and have a 95% confidence level. RESULTS: Specific questions can be answered using the reports. The data can be used to review internal processes, perform outcomes benchmarking, retest a hypothesis, refute a previous survey findings, or develop library standards. The data can be used to compare to current surveys or look for trends by comparing the data to past surveys. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of this project on MLA will reach into areas of research and advocacy. The data will be useful in the everyday working of small health sciences libraries as well as provide concrete data on the current practices of health sciences libraries.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2006

Electronic journal provision in a health-care library: insights from a consultation with NHS workers.

OBJECTIVE: This study determines the current awareness journal reading requirements of the users of Stockport National Health Service (NHS) Trust's library. The overlap between requirements and the provision of the NHS Core Content resources, four major electronic journal bundles, and the holdings of North West health libraries is also investigated. METHODS: A survey of both hospital and Primary Care Trust staff was conducted, and respondents were required to provide a list of their favourite journal titles. Each requested title was assigned a subject code, and the impact factor was noted. RESULTS: From 135 survey responses, 217 journal titles were identified and 33 category codes were utilized. There was little overlap between the request list and the NHS Core Content titles, but substantial correspondence existed between the request list and the print holdings of North West health libraries. CONCLUSIONS: Current awareness journal reading requirements will not be met by the Core Content provision alone. Bundles of titles offer value-for-money solutions, but may be at the expense of popular titles. Furthermore, the success of regional document supply schemes may be compromised if large numbers of health-care libraries replace print holdings with similar electronic journal bundles.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1986

Physicians' perceptions of library services in a rural state.

A survey was disseminated to learn physicians' perceptions of library/information resources and services available in South Dakota. It sought their reactions to various information sources, their assessment of available library services, and their opinions as to which services should be promoted. Descriptive data provided by the respondents (geographic location, affiliation, specialty, years of service, and local institutional availability of library services) were correlated against responses. Only the last variable (which indicated whether the physician was unserved, underserved, or served by library information services) provided significant differences in group responses. The survey, results, and implications for library services in other rural states are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Survey of the attitude of medical and nursing libraries to information literature for patients with gastrointestinal diseases.

Senior staff in libraries at 281 medical schools, postgraduate institutions, schools of nursing and postgraduate medical centres were approached. They were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire on the availability of patient-orientated information and the nature of access by other health care professionals, patients and the public to their facilities. A total of 252 replies was received (response rate 90%). Medical and nursing schools tended to discriminate against each other's staff. Discrimination against patients was more widespread with less than 30% of libraries open to them. This was reflected in the lack of patient information such as booklets and videos. Less than 10% of libraries provided such information. Libraries in schools of nursing were significantly better in the provision of information about self-help groups. Overall there were limited interest in the provision of any service to patients or the general public.

Attitude↗
PubMed2006

Collection policy management for the Kuopio University and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland: detecting the needs of users and developing high-quality collections.

BACKGROUND: This article discusses the collection policies of a university library in a modern digital environment. A brief description of national collection policy decisions in Finland is provided. The rapid evolution and growth of scientific publication places new demands on building a collection in a health and bioscience orientated university, and it requires an evidence-based approach to support effective service processes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify the needs of the university's students and staff. METHODS: Usage statistics were surveyed and analysed. RESULTS: Both usage statistics and user surveys indicate that the library use is divided half-and-half between the traditional use of printed material and library premises and the modern use of digital materials via the Web. The former is mainly the way that the students and hospital staff use the library, and the latter can be viewed as the researchers' way of using the library. Librarians and information specialists act in this as service providers and/or guides and tutors to the end-users. These results, however, must be validated with a longer timescale data collation and analysis, both of which are an ongoing process within the library. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that requirements and needs of the library's users are monitored regularly and acquisition policies are updated frequently. It also seems that the needs have changed quite dramatically in response to modern ways of disseminating publications, but this supposition will require further study.

Finland↗