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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Determination of cardiac ejection and valvular regurgitant fraction by on-line digital densitometry--methodology, validation, and application.

Videodensitometry allows to obtain both left and right ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and aortic or pulmonary regurgitant fraction (RGF) from the wash-out curve of contrast medium. We developed this technique to digital densitometry and integrated it in the standard digital image acquisition system 'Digitron' using Siemens user's library. Sources of error like scatter radiation, veiling glare, accumulation of iodine in tissue, and inhomogeneous contrast mixing were considered by using ECG gated image subtraction, background reference regions, data fit to ideal wash-out curves and calculation of EF and RGF exclusively from density differences. The method was validated by phantom studies in which simulated angiocardiograms were generated with given values of EF (50 to 70%) and RGF (0 to 45%). The results tended to overestimate RGF by up to 10 percent points, when image contrast was high and the ventricle was masked poorly by the lead shutters. In the clinical setting, the reliability of the results can be judged from the fit of the wash-out curve presented automatically on the screen on a semi-logarithmic scale. The technique is available to the physician in the catheterization laboratory on-line during or immediately after the examination, which facilitates routine use.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

A software implementation for detailed volume conductor modelling in electrophysiology using finite difference method.

There is an evolving need for new information available by employing patient tailored anatomically accurate computer models of the electrical properties of the human body. Because construction of a computer model can be difficult and laborious to perform sufficiently well, devised models have varied greatly in the level of anatomical accuracy incorporated in them. This has restricted the validity of conducted simulations. In the present study, a versatile software package was developed to transform anatomic voxel data into accurate finite difference method volume conductor models conveniently and in a short time. The package includes components for model construction, simulation, visualisation and detailed analysis of simulation output based on volume conductor theory. Due to the methods developed, models can comprise more anatomical details than the prior computer models. Several models have been constructed, for example, a highly detailed 3-D anatomically accurate computer model of the human thorax as a volume conductor utilising the US National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Visible Human Man (VHM) digital anatomy data. Based on the validation runs the developed software package is readily applicable in analysis of a wide range of bioelectric field problems.

Body Composition↗
PubMed2005

Collaboration in support of curricular innovations.

The migration of traditional anatomy and pathology wet labs to a digital format requires significant planning and collaboration amongst key faculty, administrative, and technology personnel. In addition to conversion of course materials, the changed format necessitated the refurbishment of a traditional bench lab as a state-of-the art digital classroom, significant IT investment, and ongoing coordination by library, classroom and computer resources personnel. Standardized policies and procedures were developed to guide additional requests for software to support new educational initiatives.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1999

MABDOSE. II: Validation of a general purpose dose estimation code.

UNLABELLED: The MABDOSE software represents a general tool to assess internal radiation dose. A suite of tests are described that validate the dosimetry system's implementation. METHODS: The validation suite is divided among tests that verify target digitalization, tumor digitalization and organ replacement, cumulated activity calculation, random number generation, radiation transport, and dose calculation. RESULTS: A comparison between Reference Man organ volumes and MABDOSE organ volumes at (5 mm)3 resolution demonstrates volume correspondence within 10% save for ten organs having dimensions smaller than the target lattice resolution. An accounting of normal organ volume replaced by an arbitrary tumor volume indicates mass is conserved. A comparison between cumulated activities generated by MABDOSE and solutions obtained analytically demonstrates exact correspondence for curve-fitting algorithms. For mathematical modeling algorithms, cumulated activity solutions converge to their correct values provided sufficient data of high precision are input, accompanied by reasonable initial estimates of rate constants. A comparison of MABDOSE results with the MIRD 3 report demonstrates good agreement (<8% difference) in absorbed fractions for spheres at energies from 20 keV to 2.75 MeV. A comparison of MABDOSE results with the Cristy-Eckerman report demonstrates marginal agreement (specific absorbed fractions within a factor of 2 for all Reference Man organs) at simulation energies of 20, 50, and 100 keV. Lack of exact correspondence is attributed to volume digitalization errors, and to differences in cross-section libraries, interpolation schemes between cross-section data points, and random number generators. Finally, the doses reported by MABDOSE correspond to the correct algebraic combination of paired cumulated activities and "S" values. CONCLUSIONS: The MABDOSE program has been validated as a general purpose computation tool for use in internal radionuclide dosimetry.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

The excitement of Google Scholar, the worry of Google Print.

In late 2004 Google announced two major projects, the unveiling of Google Scholar and a major expansion of the Google Print digitization program. Both projects have generated discussion within the library and research communities, and Google Print has received significant media attention.This commentary describes exciting educational possibilities stimulated by Google Scholar, and argues for caution regarding the Google Print project.

Editorial↗
PubMed2006

Tomato Expression Database (TED): a suite of data presentation and analysis tools.

The Tomato Expression Database (TED) includes three integrated components. The Tomato Microarray Data Warehouse serves as a central repository for raw gene expression data derived from the public tomato cDNA microarray. In addition to expression data, TED stores experimental design and array information in compliance with the MIAME guidelines and provides web interfaces for researchers to retrieve data for their own analysis and use. The Tomato Microarray Expression Database contains normalized and processed microarray data for ten time points with nine pair-wise comparisons during fruit development and ripening in a normal tomato variety and nearly isogenic single gene mutants impacting fruit development and ripening. Finally, the Tomato Digital Expression Database contains raw and normalized digital expression (EST abundance) data derived from analysis of the complete public tomato EST collection containing >150,000 ESTs derived from 27 different non-normalized EST libraries. This last component also includes tools for the comparison of tomato and Arabidopsis digital expression data. A set of query interfaces and analysis, and visualization tools have been developed and incorporated into TED, which aid users in identifying and deciphering biologically important information from our datasets. TED can be accessed at http://ted.bti.cornell.edu.

Databases, Genetic↗
PubMed2003

10 uses for personal digital assistants in home care.

This article focuses how clinical staff can use personal digital assistants (PDAs) to become more organized, expand quick reference libraries, and have some fun! If you've been wondering if a PDA will help maximize your work efficiently, this article is for you!

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed2000

Cancer gene discovery using digital differential display.

The Cancer Gene Anatomy Project database of the National Cancer Institute has thousands of expressed sequences, both known and novel, in the form of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). These ESTs, derived from diverse normal and tumor cDNA libraries, offer an attractive starting point for cancer gene discovery. Using a data-mining tool called Digital Differential Display (DDD) from the Cancer Gene Anatomy Project database, ESTs from six different solid tumor types (breast, colon, lung, ovary, pancreas, and prostate) were analyzed for differential expression. An electronic expression profile and chromosomal map position of these hits were generated from the Unigene database. The hits were categorized into major classes of genes including ribosomal proteins, enzymes, cell surface molecules, secretory proteins, adhesion molecules, and immunoglobulins and were found to be differentially expressed in these tumorderived libraries. Genes known to be up-regulated in prostate, breast, and pancreatic carcinomas were discovered by DDD, demonstrating the utility of this technique. Two hundred known genes and 500 novel sequences were discovered to be differentially expressed in these select tumor-derived libraries. Test genes were validated for expression specificity by reverse transcription-PCR, providing a proof of concept for gene discovery by DDD. A comprehensive database of hits can be accessed at http:// www.fau.edu/cmbb/publications/cancergenes. htm. This solid tumor DDD database should facilitate target identification for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Biological Specimen Banks↗
PubMed2004

Natural sound archives: past, present and future.

Recordings of wild animals were first made in the Palearctic in 1900, in the Nearctic in 1929, in Antarctica in 1934, in Asia in 1937, and in the Neotropics in the 1940s. However, systematic collecting did not begin until the 1950s. Collections of animal sound recordings serve many uses in education, entertainment, science and nature conservation. In recent years, technological developments have transformed the ways in which sounds can be sampled, stored and accessed. Now the largest collections between them hold altogether around 0.5 million recordings with their associated data. The functioning of a major archive will be described with reference to the British Library Sound Archive. Preserving large collections for the long term is a primary concern in the digital age. While digitization and digital preservation has many advantages over analogue methods, the rate of technology change and lack of standardization are a serious problem for the world's major audio archives. Another challenge is to make collections more easily and widely accessible via electronic networks. On-line catalogues and access to the actual sounds via the internet are already available for some collections. Case studies describing the establishment and functioning of sound libraries in Mexico, Colombia and Brazil are given in individually authored sections in an Appendix.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed2005

PMD2HD--a web tool aligning a PubMed search results page with the local German Cancer Research Centre library collection.

BACKGROUND: Web-based searching is the accepted contemporary mode of retrieving relevant literature, and retrieving as many full text articles as possible is a typical prerequisite for research success. In most cases only a proportion of references will be directly accessible as digital reprints through displayed links. A large number of references, however, have to be verified in library catalogues and, depending on their availability, are accessible as print holdings or by interlibrary loan request. METHODS: The problem of verifying local print holdings from an initial retrieval set of citations can be solved using Z39.50, an ANSI protocol for interactively querying library information systems. Numerous systems include Z39.50 interfaces and therefore can process Z39.50 interactive requests. However, the programmed query interaction command structure is non-intuitive and inaccessible to the average biomedical researcher. For the typical user, it is necessary to implement the protocol within a tool that hides and handles Z39.50 syntax, presenting a comfortable user interface. RESULTS: PMD2HD is a web tool implementing Z39.50 to provide an appropriately functional and usable interface to integrate into the typical workflow that follows an initial PubMed literature search, providing users with an immediate asset to assist in the most tedious step in literature retrieval, checking for subscription holdings against a local online catalogue. CONCLUSION: PMD2HD can facilitate literature access considerably with respect to the time and cost of manual comparisons of search results with local catalogue holdings. The example presented in this article is related to the library system and collections of the German Cancer Research Centre. However, the PMD2HD software architecture and use of common Z39.50 protocol commands allow for transfer to a broad range of scientific libraries using Z39.50-compatible library information systems.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Ergonomics in the electronic library.

New technologies are changing the face of information services and how those services are delivered. Libraries spend a great deal of time planning the hardware and software implementations of electronic information services, but the human factors are often overlooked. Computers and electronic tools have changed the nature of many librarians' daily work, creating new problems, including stress, fatigue, and cumulative trauma disorders. Ergonomic issues need to be considered when designing or redesigning facilities for electronic resources and services. Libraries can prevent some of the common problems that appear in the digital workplace by paying attention to basic ergonomic issues when designing workstations and work areas. Proper monitor placement, lighting, workstation setup, and seating prevent many of the common occupational problems associated with computers. Staff training will further reduce the likelihood of ergonomic problems in the electronic workplace.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Things to come: postmodern digital knowledge management and medical informatics.

The overarching informatics grand challenge facing society is the creation of knowledge management systems that can acquire, conserve, organize, retrieve, display, and distribute what is known today in a manner that informs and educates, facilitates the discovery and creation of new knowledge, and contributes to the health and welfare of the planet. At one time the private, national, and university libraries of the world collectively constituted the memory of society's intellectual history. In the future, these new digital knowledge management systems will constitute human memory in its entirety. The current model of multiple local collections of duplicated resources will give way to specialized sole-source servers. In this new environment all scholarly scientific knowledge should be public domain knowledge: managed by scientists, organized for the advancement of knowledge, and readily available to all. Over the next decade, the challenge for the field of medical informatics and for the libraries that serve as the continuous memory for the biomedical sciences will be to come together to form a new organization that will lead to the development of postmodern digital knowledge management systems for medicine. These systems will form a portion of the evolving world brain of the 21st century.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2001

A comprehensive review of epinephrine in the finger: to do or not to do.

The prohibition against the use of local anesthetics with epinephrine for digital blocks or infiltration is an established surgical tradition. The present article provides a comprehensive review of all reported digital necrotic and ischemic complications with epinephrine in the digits in an effort to understand whether the current prohibition is based on documented reports. A comprehensive review of articles showing the successful use of local anesthetic with epinephrine in the digits is presented.A review of Index Medicus from 1880 to 1966 and a computer review of the National Library of Medicine database from 1966 to 2000 were performed using multiple keywords. Selected major textbooks from 1900 to 2000 were also reviewed.A total of 48 cases of digital gangrene after anesthetic blocks (mostly using cocaine or procaine) have been reported in the world literature. Only 21 cases involved the use of epinephrine; 17 involved an unknown concentration based on manual dilution. Multiple other concurrent conditions (hot soaks, tight tourniquets, and infection) existed in these case reports, making it difficult to determine the exact cause of the tissue insult. There have been no case reports of digital gangrene using commercial lidocaine with epinephrine (introduced in 1948). Multiple studies involving thousands of patients support the premise that the use of lidocaine with epinephrine is safe in the digits. An extensive literature review failed to provide consistent evidence that our current preparations of local anesthesia with epinephrine cause digital necrosis, although not all complications are necessarily reported. However, as with all techniques, caution is necessary to balance the risks of this technique with the dangers of mechanical tourniquets and upper extremity block anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2003

The Charcot library.

The Charcot library was officially created at the Salpêtrière Hospital in 1907 after the donation of the private library of Jean-Martin Charcot, which Dr. Charcot had accumulated progressively throughout his professional career. Increased by several other endowments (the most important being the collection of the Resident's Library, begun in 1886) and other private donations, the library became officially affiliated with the Paris VI University in 1985. It now functions as an entity oriented toward the neurosciences and offers a large number of 19th-century books (including all of Charcot's manuscripts) and more recent documents. Digitization of the most classic holdings, including atlases, will soon make them accessible through the library's web site.

France↗
PubMed1996

Virtual Reality Simulation of Gynecologic Laparoscopy

Realistic virtual simulation of gynecologic laparoscopy would permit the surgeon to practice any procedure, with any degree of pathology, at any time and as many times as necessary to achieve proficiency before attempting it in the operating room. Effective computer simulation requires accurate anatomy, realistic three-dimensional computer graphics, the ability to cut and deform tissue in response to instruments, and an appropriate hardware interface. The Visible Human Project from the National Library of Medicine has made available extremely accurate, three-dimensional, digital data that computer animation companies have begun to transform to three-dimensional graphic images. The problem of tissue deformation and movement is approached by a software package called TELEOS. Hardware consisting of two scissor-grip laparoscopic handles mounted on a sensor can interface with any simulation program to simulate a multiplicity of laparoscopic instruments. The next step will be to combine TELEOS with the three-dimensional anatomy data and configure it for gynecologic surgery.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Role of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene product in human cardiac development and disease.

Expressed sequence tag (EST) and digital Northern analyses of human fetal, adult, and hypertrophic heart cDNA libraries revealed ESTs with high homology to adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) and its associated protein, beta-catenin, as well as their differential expression. Thus, we hypothesize that the APC/beta-catenin pathway may play a role in cardiac development and disease. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis exhibited a higher APC expression in adult compared with fetal and hypertrophic heart but no significant difference in beta-catenin mRNA level. However, beta-catenin protein level was higher in fetal and hypertrophic heart compared with adult heart, suggesting the post-translational regulation of beta-catenin by APC in the cardiovascular system. In vitro antisense inhibition of APC resulted a higher beta-catenin protein expression leading to an incomplete myotube formation, suggesting APC/beta-catenin pathway involvement in myotube development. Western blot analysis further reveals three novel isoforms, APC-F, APC-A, and APC-D, ubiquitously expressed in fetal, adult, and hypertrophic heart, respectively. Isoform switching during development and disease pathogenesis suggests functionally distinct roles for each isoform. These data (i) demonstrate the usefulness of genome-based expression analysis for rapid discovery of differentially expressed genes, (ii) implicate the APC/beta-catenin pathway in the cardiovascular development, and (iii) demonstrate APC isoform switching during cardiac development and disease.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein↗