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Difficulties and bonuses of evaluation: evaluating New Zealand's Children's Nightclothes Act 1977.

Difficulties and bonuses of evaluating injury prevention programmes are illustrated by reference to an evaluation of the New Zealand's Children's Nightclothes Act 1977. It is demonstrated that despite the difficulties encountered in that evaluation, and the equivocal results, there were significant bonuses which more than justified the resources devoted to the evaluation. The paper is presented in an attempt to encourage others to evaluate thermal injury countermeasures who may be hesitant to do so because of the difficulties they foresee.

Burns↗

Johne's disease eradication and control: regulatory implications.

The time has come for the livestock industry and the veterinary profession to take Johne's disease seriously in the United States. The continued spread of the disease with accompanying economic hardship to infected herds and the possibility that M. paratuberculosis may be a food-borne pathogen makes inaction a costly proposition. Efforts have started at the national level with NJWG to have guidelines written for a national control program for Johne's disease. A national control program is desirable because it would provide uniformity to control efforts. Veterinarians and livestock owners should be aware of the effort and let their views be known. In addition, national program guidelines already have been written (see the appendix) to certify test-negative herds for paratuberculosis. States that do not offer the certification program should consider it. A list of test-negative herds for Johne's disease that livestock owners could use to buy low risk animals would be a significant step forward in our efforts to control Johne's disease. Federal regulations concerning Johne's disease are outdated and should be changed to facilitate participation by the livestock industry in a Johne's disease control and eradication program.

Animals↗

A sense of autonomy is preserved under Chinese reproductive policies.

China has had a one-child family policy since 1979 and a National Family Planning Law since 2002. This paper presents analysis of comments from members of the general public and experts in China on the question of reproductive autonomy. The Chinese concept of 'Yousheng' (healthy birth) is more appropriate than eugenics as an expression of Chinese social policy and public attitudes. The widespread support for healthy birth has policy implications. None of the persons interviewed said that they had ever used ultrasound to choose the gender of their child nor had an abortion for the reason of a fetus's gender. Despite the bad impression of abortion from their experience, most would abort a fetus with a genetic disease. Respondents in rural areas were less likely to use prenatal care, pointing to more important social problems in reproduction in China. The impressions given from the survey stands in contrast to the implications of the majority of Western papers on the Chinese situation, and indicate that people are generally satisfied with the ethical balance towards the societal needs over individual autonomy, but they still have a sense of reproductive autonomy. There needs to be further study into these issues with larger surveys and interview studies.

Abortion, Induced↗