Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LIGAMENTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Xeroradiographic studies on the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint. 1. Anatomy of the cruciate and lateral ligaments in the xerotomogram].

The suitability of xeroradiography for contrast arthrography was investigated by in vitro studies. Special attention was devoted to the cruciate and lateral ligaments on xero-ty lateral tomography. The anterior and posterior ligments can be evaluated and defined satisfactorily in the antero-posterior view. The lateral ligaments can be seen on xero-tomography without difficulty. The use of xero-tomography promises to improve the radiological diagnosis of injuries of the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[The pulmonary ligament (pulmo-diaphragmatic ligament) (author's transl)].

The paper considers the appearances of the contour of the diaphragm and of the normal irregularities of the diaphragm. The hitherto existing opinion of ill defined or tented diaphragmatic outlines always being the result of pleurodiaphragmatic implications in inflammatory or fibrotic processes in the basis of the lung needs to be corrected: In a great number of p.a. chest roentgenograms of healthy persons a more or less obvious ill definition or tenting of the medial part of the diaphragma can be found, caused by a variation of the pulmonary ligament characterized by its connection with the diaphragmatic pleura. Ill definition and tenting of the diaphragmatic outline caused by this variation of the pulmonary ligament are called physiological alterations, contrary to similar pathological (e.g. adhesive) ones. Only if this anatomical variation exists a pulmonary ligament can be roentgenologically visualized directly.

Diaphragm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurohistological studies in allogeneic cruciate ligament transplants as intra-articular ligament replacement].

A multiplicity of surgical operations have been developed in an attempt to achieve satisfactory function after ACL repair. None of these procedures have been able to duplicate the fiber organization, attachment site anatomy, vascularity, or function of the ACL. 18 foxhounds received a deep frozen bone-ACL-bone allograft and a ligament augmentation device (LAD). Neurohistological changes were evaluated 3, 6, and 12 months following implantation. Modified silver impregnation method and gold chloride technique were used to examine the presence of nerve endings and axons. Two morphological distinct mechanoreceptors were identified, and then were categorized as follows: free nerve-endings golgi-like tendon receptors. Fine nerve endings were frequently ramified freely into ligament collagen bundles. Nerves and blood vessels were commonly associated. Like in normal ACL's both neuroreceptors were mostly located near the surface of the allografts and at both bony attachments. This study demonstrated the first histological evidence of viable mechanoreceptors and free nerve-endings in transplanted ACL-allografts, not previously reported in other ACL-substitutes using for ACL-reconstruction. Particularly important for post-op. rehabilitation, this technique may allow to reconstruct the proprioreceptive functions of normal anterior cruciate ligaments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human periodontal ligament cell sheets can regenerate periodontal ligament tissue in an athymic rat model.

Conventional periodontal regeneration methods remain insufficient to attain complete and reliable clinical regeneration of periodontal tissues. We have developed a new method of cell transplantation using cell sheet engineering and have applied it to this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cell sheets retrieved from culture on unique temperature-responsive culture dishes, and to examine whether these cell sheets can regenerate periodontal tissues. The HPDL cell sheets were examined histologically and biochemically, and also were transplanted into a mesial dehiscence model in athymic rats. HPDL cells were harvested from culture dishes as a contiguous cell sheet with abundant extracellular matrix and retained intact integrins that are susceptible to trypsin-EDTA treatment. In the animal study, periodontal ligament-like tissues that include an acellular cementum-like layer and fibrils anchoring into this layer were identified in all the athymic rats transplanted with HPDL cell sheets. This fibril anchoring highly resembles native periodontal ligament fibers; such regeneration was not observed in nontransplanted controls. These results suggest that this technique, based on the concept of cell sheet engineering, can be useful for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allograft ligament transplantation. A morphological and biochemical evaluation of a medial collateral ligament complex in a rabbit model.

Our purpose in this investigation was to describe and compare several morphological, histological, vascular, and biochemical healing processes of allograft and autograft bone-medial collateral ligament-bone complexes in a rabbit model. Forty-nine animals had their right medial collateral ligament complex replaced with a frozen allograft while 30 separate control animals each received a fresh autograft. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 weeks after transplantation for comparison of grafted with unoperated contralateral control complexes. Results demonstrate some recovery of both allografts and autografts over time. Allografts generally showed slower recovery than autografts with more persistent abnormalities in gross appearances, increased cellularity (corresponding to increased DNA content), and decreased collagen content. Allografts also showed aggressive remodeling of bone at insertions and they remained hypervascular throughout their substance as compared with contralateral controls. Autografts went through similar but less chronic increases in cellularity and DNA concentration with no changes in collagen content. While both types of grafts showed some signs of "healing" and some recovery of control ligament biology, results are also consistent with allograft encasement, infiltration, and at least partial replacement by host tissue. This was particularly true of insertions. Collectively, these results also demonstrate some differences between allografts and autografts in this extraarticular model. The causes, mechanisms, and longer-term consequences of these changes, including defining the qualities of these graft and host tissues, clearly requires further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Biomechanics of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: an evaluation of the effects of axial load and single plane motions on ligament strain patterns.

Strain behavior in the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments of the ankle, with and without axial load, was evaluated using human cadaveric specimens, a specially designed instrumented test fixture, and Hall-Effect strain transducers. Ligament strain patterns were significantly altered with axial loading in some conditions. This data may have clinical relevance both in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of lateral ligament injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Biologic anchorage of cruciate ligament prosthesis. Bone ingrowth and fixation of the Gore-Tex ligament in sheep.

The biologic fixation and strength of fixation of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Gore-Tex ligament prosthesis was investigated in sheep knees. The device was inserted to replace the anterior cruciate ligament according to the recommended technique. Histological bone tunnel evaluation together with mechanical tensile studies were done at 6, 12, and 18 months. Already at 6 months the pull-out load of the prosthesis exceeded that of the normal ligament, and this finding persisted up to 18 months postoperatively. At 6 months there was marked fibrous tissue ingrowth into the prosthesis, and at 12 months trabecular bone had replaced the fibrous tissue between the interstices of the filaments; at 18 months bone even penetrated into the individual porous fibers of the prosthesis. The intra-articular part of the prosthesis was surrounded and partly invaded by undifferentiated connective tissue, with no recognizable macrophages or other inflammatory cells. In this experiment, the biocompatibility and porosity of the Gore-Tex prosthesis seemed optimal to permit ingrowth from surrounding fibrous and osseous tissues and firm anchorage into the bone tunnels.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Injury location affects ligament healing. A morphologic and mechanical study of the healing rabbit medial collateral ligament.

Based on the heterogeneity of the rabbit medial collateral ligament (MCL) along its length, we tested the hypothesis that injury location would affect its healing response. The right MCL of 80 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits was sectioned adjacent to bone at the femoral end (40 rabbits) or the tibial end (40 rabbits) and reapposed with sutures. Animals were killed after 3, 6, 14, or 40 weeks of healing to examine wounds histologically (2 rabbits per healing interval) and mechanically (8 rabbits per healing interval). Results of the mechanical tests were compared to midsubstance MCL repairs (24 rabbits) and to uninjured normal MCLs (20 rabbits). The morphology of the near-insertion repairs was characterized by abnormal callus-like formation and patchy bone resorption, particularly at the tibial insertion. Mechanically, insertional injuries remodeled towards normal MCL low-load, viscoelastic and failure properties more slowly than midsubstance injuries at the early healing intervals. After 40 weeks of healing, few injury-specific differences persisted. All injured ligaments had ultimate strengths 15-35 percent short of normal at 40 weeks and the femorally-injured ligaments were weaker than normal at this time. These results suggest that rabbit MCLs, injured near either end, heal more slowly than those injured in their midsubstance and develop abnormal insertion morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Patellar ligament reconstruction using allograft patellar ligament: a case report.

This report describes a method of patellar ligament reconstruction. Our patient sustained a rupture of the patellar ligament and had reconstruction with allograft patellar ligament after failed primary repair. At the 2-year follow-up, his range of motion was 0 degrees to 110 degrees and he was able to return to unrestricted standing work.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The incidence and nature of fibrous continuity between the sphenomandibular ligament and the anterior malleolar ligament of the middle ear.

The purpose of this study was to determine the structural interrelationship between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the middle ear, in terms of fibrous continuity between the sphenomandibular ligament (SML) of the mandible and the anterior malleolar ligament (AML) of the middle ear. Thirty-seven specimens of the TMJ and middle ear were obtained from adult human cadavers. The temporal bone, petrotympanic fissure, mandibular fossa, and middle ear were dissected en bloc, fixed, sectioned, stained, and observed microscopically. Of the 37 specimens, 67.6% had a continuity of the SML through the fissure passing near the malleus of the middle ear. The AML was present at the fissure in 64.9% of the specimens, with 58.3% passing through and not stopping at the fissure. Results indicated a fibrous continuity between the SML and the AML. Structural differences between the two ligaments were also noted. The SML contained randomly arranged fibrous connective tissue with numerous interposed blood vessels. The AML had a smooth arrangement of fibers within the connective tissue, and few blood vessels were apparent. The clear anatomic relationship observed strongly supports the contention of a functional interrelationship between the TMJ and the middle ear.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with and without a Kennedy ligament-augmentation device. A randomized, prospective study.

In a randomized, prospective study, sixty-four patients who were operated on for a torn anterior cruciate ligament were divided into two groups: thirty patients (the control group) had repair with the Marshall-MacIntosh technique alone, and thirty-four patients had repair with the same technique but with the addition of a Kennedy ligament-augmentation device. The preoperative characteristics were essentially identical in the two groups. The postoperative management, resumption of athletic activities, and occurrence of complications were also similar. All patients were followed for more than two years. No significant functional or clinical difference between the two groups was found with respect to residual laxity determined either from dynamic radiographs or with the KT-1000 arthrometer. There was no evidence that the addition of the Kennedy ligament-augmentation device gave results that were superior to those obtained with the Marshall-MacIntosh technique alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Histological comparison of fate of ligamentous insertion after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament: autograft vs allograft.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the histological results and the biological remodeling of ligamentous insertion after the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with autograft or allograft tendon. METHODS: Extensor digitorum tendon was harvested from hind limb as graft material and transplanted to reconstruct the resected ACL in 12 mongrel dogs. Each free tendon end was secured by holding sutures and then the sutures were tied to the post screw at the femoral and tibial bony tunnel outlet after transplantation respectively. Autograft was randomly performed on one side of knee while allograft on the other side of knee. After transplantation, the histological analysis was undertaken at the 6th, 12th weeks and the 6th month using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain under light microscope. RESULTS: The insertion structure of normal ACL typically consisted of four layers, i.e., dense connective tissue, fibrocartilage, mineralized fibrocartilage and bone. There was a distinct regular tidemark line between fibrocartilage and mineralized fibrocartilage. At the 6th week postoperatively, loose connective tissue presented in the interspace between graft and bony tunnel wall in both autograft and allograft groups. At the 12th week postoperatively, the collagenous fibers between autograft and tunnel wall became well organized and the four layers of insertion with discontinuous tidemark line were demonstrated indistinctly in autograft group but not in allograft group. At the 6th month postoperatively, both of a clear and continuous tidemark line and distinct four layers could be seen in autograft group. In allograft group, only a waved discontinuous tidemark line was shown and either the anatomic morphology or the maturity of insertion was inferior to that of autograft group. CONCLUSIONS: At the 6th month postoperatively, although the ligament-cartilage insertion is primarily formed after ACL reconstruction with autograft or allograft tendon, the histological morphology and the maturation of insertion of autograft tendon are better than those of allograft group, which suggests that postoperative rehabilitation should be paid more attention and could be safer if little delayed during ACL reconstruction with allograft tendon.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The ligaments of the fingers. Anatomical study of the Cleland ligaments].

The aim of this study was to establish a precise architecture of the retinacular ligaments of human digits. Sixty selected digits from human cadavers aged 40-70 years were used in this study. We were able to identify, under the dissecting microscope, two distinct ligamentous complexes: one proximal of greater importance and the other distal of lesser importance. Both structures extend from the periosteum as well as from the fibrous part of the digital sheath to the skin. There are many variations in size and in shape of these structures but they are not related to a particular digit. The role of these ligaments is to prevent the 'effet de doigt de gant', to stabilize and to maintain the neurovascular bundle of the digit at the moment of the digital flexion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ligament reinforcement with resorbable PDS cord and early functional after-care. Results of follow-up of surgically managed cruciate ligament injuries].

After operating on the injured cruciate ligaments, immediate mobilization and protection of the healing ligament are indispensible. However, no approach has yet been shown to safely provide both. Therefore, in 1984 we introduced a new technique: the repaired or reconstructed cruciate ligaments are augmented with a biodegradable material - a doubled-over PDS cord, 1.5 mm in diameter. It allows for immediate and safe mobilization. Because of its appropriate elasticity it does not cause "stress shielding." Postoperatively, the patients are mobilized on a motorized frame for 2 weeks. Subsequently, we have used a limited mobilization cast (LMC). Forty-nine out of 63 patients (78%) have now been reexamined for this follow-up study, using the score from the Hospital for Special Surgery and stress X-rays in the Lachmann, position (30 degrees flexion). The results compare favorably with a prior follow-up study of patients from our hospital without PDS augmentation and without early mobilization. The knees in the present study are more stable and have a better range of motion, particularly when the LMC was used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of the value of magnetic resonance tomography and computerized tomography in the follow-up of augmentation-plasties with carbon fiber ligaments of the anterior cruciate ligament].

17 patients--treated with unidirectional carbon-fibre-ligaments augmentation for the anterior cruciate ligament--have been followed-up by MRI and CT. The question has been, whether both methods show comparable results. The interval between operation and follow-up has been 34 months in average (43 to 30). Significance was put on the probants bedding. MR-Imaging in two planes seems to be essential to show the artificial ligament's integrity in its extraarticular "over the top"-position. Satisfying corresponding results could be found in MRI and CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Initial experiences with ambulatory ligament suture of the fresh ligament rupture of the upper ankle joint using local anesthesia].

Reported in this paper is preliminary experience obtained from outpatient suturing in local anaesthesia of recent rupture of fibular ligaments. An indication of this kind is valid for all cases of established rupture of ligaments, with due consideration to be given to individual factors. The method is extensively described. Preliminary short-time results so far recorded from 18 outpatient cases of ligament suturing in local anaesthesia appear to underscore this therapeutic approach as optional in acute situations. Reference is made to early functional therapy to avoid immobilisation damage, and a therapeutic concept is proposed.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1988

Electrical stimulation of ligament healing. An experimental study of the patellar ligament of rabbits.

To examine the effects of direct electric current on ligament healing in rabbits, a full-thickness defect of the patellar ligament was electrically stimulated for time periods of up to seven weeks. The rabbits were randomly assigned to biomechanical and biochemical studies, and healing was evaluated by these parameters. Electrical stimulation was shown to restore tensile stiffness in a short period of time and to decrease the relative proportion of Type III collagen more rapidly than in the control group. However, electrical stimulation did not change the collagen content of newly formed tissue. Electricity enhances the repair process of the ligament by changing the ratio of collagen types.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An in vitro study of the structural properties of deep-frozen versus freeze-dried, ethylene oxide-sterilized canine anterior cruciate ligament bone-ligament-bone preparations.

The effect of two preparation and storage methods on the structural properties of canine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) bone-ligament-bone preparations was determined. In Group 1, one knee joint from each dog was tested after storage at -70 degrees for eight to 12 weeks. In Group 2, one knee joint from each dog was sterilized using ethylene oxide, freeze-dried, and then stored at room temperature for four to five weeks prior to mechanical testing. In both groups, the contralateral joint was tested fresh and used as a control. The bone-ligament-bone preparations were loaded in tension until failure and the load at failure, stiffness, and maximum elongation were measured. No preparation method caused a significant decline in breaking strength. In both groups, however, there was a significant increase in elongation at failure noted in the test specimens. This was accompanied, in Group 1 (deep-frozen), by a significant decrease in stiffness in the test joints. A similar trend toward decreased stiffness was observed in the test joints from Group 2 (freeze-dried).

Animals↗