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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Studies on Bancroftian filariasis in Liberia, West Africa. IV. Notes on side effects observed during a diethylcarbamazine treatment campaign in a rural area endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus.

464 persons of whom 189 proved to be infected with microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and/or Onchocerca volvulus were examined for adverse reactions due to diethylcarbamazine, which was administered during a filariasis control campaign. Persons older than 20 years of age were significantly more affected than younger persons and men showed distinctly more side effects than women. The most frequent complaints were skin reactions followed by gastrointestinal complications. The significantly highest rate of adverse reactions was observed in persons being infected with microfilariae of O. volvulus, whereas no significant difference was registered between side effect rates of bancroftian microfilaria carriers and non-infected persons. It is concluded that in areas where both filarial species are endemic, infections with O. volvulus are a limiting factor for the control of bancroftian filariasis by means of mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) in Liberia.

Rosai-Dorfman disease is rare. Two patients, one with nodal and another with extra-nodal disease, are presented. The clinical and pathological features of the two cases are typical of the disease. Because the disease can present with a diverse picture, it can be easily misdiagnosed. It is therefore suggested that physicians and paediatricians should exercise more vigilance in order to detect more cases, particularly in the early stages, for better understanding of the natural history of this disease about which little is known at this stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Ivermectin treatment of hyperreactive onchodermatitis (sowda) in Liberia.

Seventeen male and 39 female Liberian patients, one third of them children, were diagnosed as having hyperreactive onchodermatitis (sowda). They presented with itching (98%), asymmetric (98%), chronic onchodermatitis (median 5 years), and swelling of femoral lymph nodes (89%). The geometric means of the microfilaria (mf) densities were 1.0 mf/mg in children and 0.7 mf/mg in adults. These patients not only suffered from their skin lesions, and severe itching resulting in disturbance of sleep but also from social stigmata. They urgently needed treatment. Ivermectin was administered as a single oral dose of 150 micrograms/kg body weight. The following adverse effects were observed in 30 patients within the first 72 hours after ivermectin treatment: increase of pruritus (93%), aggravation of dermatitis (73%), fever (25%), headache (20%), myalgia (20%), painful swelling of lymph nodes (13%) and severe swelling of arm or leg (10%). Symptomatic therapy was sufficient. No dangerous or life-threatening side effects were observed. At follow-up examinations 1-2 months after ivermectin treatment, the prevalence of mf carriers had decreased from 100% to 19%. Seventeen out of 18 patients felt their dermatitis had improved. Evaluation of the dermatitis by a physician using a score from 0 (no dermatitis) to 9 (severe dermatitis) revealed a reduction of the score from 4.3 before treatment to 0.7 (84%) after ivermectin. In contrary, at the follow-up examination of 16 patients 6-12 months after ivermectin some recrudescences were observed. In this group the prevalence of mf carriers was 47%, 13 out of the 16 patients felt their skin lesions had improved and the score had decreased from 2.2 to 0.5 (77%). Consequently, it is recommended to administer ivermectin to patients with hyperreactive onchodermatitis every 3-4 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ultrastructure of infective larvae (L3) of Onchocerca volvulus (Nematoda: Filarioidea) developed in Simulium yahense in Liberia.

Third-stage infective larvae of Onchocerca volvulus were examined to elucidate the ultrastructure and the interrelations of the stoma, esophagus, intestine, and nervous system. The alimentary canal involves a cuticularized stoma with a triradiate lumen that is continuous with a similar triradiate lumen in the muscular region of the esophagus. The lumen wall may be laterally appressed or opened into a stellate form in the glandular region. Posteriad from the esophagointestinal valve, the cylindroid lumen becomes partially occluded with microvilli formed by the evaginations of the apical membranes of the intestinal epithelium. Cross sections, through this region reveal that groups of 5 radiating epithelial cells are joined near the lumen surface by junctional complexes. The alimentary canal terminates via a rectal valve and channel supported by somatic and neural cells. The central nervous system consists of a nerve ring that surrounds the muscular region of the esophagus. Related neurons support chemoreceptors and tactoreceptors of sensilla and the extensive coelomyarian and meromyarian somatic muscles. Extensive accumulations of glycogen rosettes are present in many of the muscle and hypodermal cells.

Animals↗