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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Occupational exposure to lead, kidney function tests, and blood pressure.

In the present study we examined sensitive biochemical markers of kidney function and damage in 166 workers exposed to lead and in 60 control workers. The objective was to investigate the chronic renal toxicity of lead and its possible correlation with arterial pressure. Diastolic arterial pressure was higher in the exposed group (p < 0.05), but the two groups did not differ in systolic pressure. Median activity of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was higher in the exposed group (p < 0.001), and correlated with blood lead levels (p < 0.001) and duration of exposure (p < 0.001), but not with arterial pressure. The other indicators studied, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and alanine-aminopeptidase activity, urine albumin, and total urine protein, were not higher than in the control group and were not correlated with blood lead, duration of exposure, or arterial pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hydrocarbon exposure, hypertension and kidney function tests.

Control and hydrocarbon exposed workers participated in a cross-sectional study about the nephrotoxicity of chronic hydrocarbon exposure. Different markers of glomerular and tubular function as well as the celluria were examined and compared. The results show that the interaction between hypertension and hydrocarbon exposure has an influence on the kidney function. For the clearance the interaction age-exposure seems to play a more important role than age or exposure alone. The most useful markers appear to be the albuminuria, the N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, the retinol-binding-protein concentration and the creatinine clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical significance of kidney function tests].

Clearance studies have lost much of their importance in clinical nephrology during the last two decades, having been replaced by percutaneous renal biopsy for diagnostic purposes. Serum creatinine, if increased, is a rather reliable index for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) provided nonrenal factors influencing creatinine values are taken into account. Thus, the necessity of performing endogenous creatinine clearance to assess GFR is confined to the clearance range between 50-120 ml/min. For long-term observation of progressive renal failure the reciprocal of serum creatinine with time has become popular, the relationship usually being linear if obstruction or infection do not disturb the course. Kinking of the straight line towards the baseline means acceleration of progression, while kinking away from the abscissa expresses retardation of the process. Physiologic aging of the kidneys includes a decrease in glomerular filtration rate starting after the age of 20. In a healthy population of 80-years-olds mean GFR is about 50 ml/min.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Reactivity of creatinine with alkaline 3,5-dinitrobenzoate: a new fluorescent kidney function test.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a new quantitative fluorometric assay for creatinine with enhanced specificity and inherent fluorescence sensitivity. DESIGN AND METHODS: Creatinine is reacted with 3,5-dinitrobenzoate under alkaline reaction conditions to produce a fluorophore. Alternatively, 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride or methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoate may be employed as reagents. Fluorophore development was evaluated for Group 1A bases under aqueous and mixed solvent conditions. RESULTS: The chemical reaction between creatinine and 3,5-dinitrobenzoate performed under highly alkaline conditions produced a fluorescent product with excitation and emission maxima near 410 and 475 nm, respectively. The reaction proceeds rapidly in the presence of group IA bases under both aqueous and mixed solvent conditions, in particular with water/dimethylsulfoxide and water/1,4-butanediol solvent systems containing 1.0 M LiOH. A linear calibration curve was obtained when the fluorescence intensity measured in microamperes was plotted versus creatinine concentration in the range of 5-50 mumol/L. The detection limit for creatinine was well below 1 mumol/L. CONCLUSIONS: A simple, sensitive and highly specific fluorometric method for the determination creatinine has been developed.

Alkalies↗
PubMed1991

[Recommendations for carrying out nuclear medicine kidney function tests with a gamma camera and computer].

Standardization of nuclear medicine renal studies is required in order to permit the comparison of study results of a patient obtained at different laboratories. Furthermore, standardization is a prerequisite for quality control of the analysis part of the procedure. The guidelines presented here are based on a survey carried out amongst nuclear medicine laboratories in Austria and have been edited and harmonized in a workshop organized by the Austrian Nuclear Medicine Society. The guidelines include detailed descriptions of the requirements of instrumentation, of the methods of acquisition, dosage and radiation dose of the commonly used radiopharmaceuticals and all aspects of the analysis of digital renograms. A comprehensive section deals with the determination of renal clearance from the renogram, further sections cover the usage and recommended methods of captopril renography for the diagnosis of unilateral renal artery stenosis and of the frusemide renogram for the diagnosis of nephropathy and uropathy.

Austria↗