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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Infectious bronchitis virus serotypes in poultry flocks in Jordan.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes respiratory disease in chickens all over the world. IBV has many serotypes that do not confer cross protection against each other. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test has been used to determine the serotypes of IBV as a substitute to the more laborious virus neutralization test and the more sophisticated restriction endonuclease digestion or sequencing of the S1 gene. In Jordan, no previous studies have been carried out to determine the involvement of IBV in respiratory disease in chickens, or the serotypes of IBV that possibly exist. In this study, serum from different chicken flocks (n=20) that suffered from respiratory disease were tested for IBV antibodies using commercial IBV antibody ELISA at time of the initial signs of the respiratory disease and repeated on serum samples from the same flocks 10-14 days later. ELISA titer for IBV increased in 14 out of 20 flocks (70%) after 10-14 days of the initial signs of the respiratory disease and this indicates a recent exposure to IBV. The second serum samples from these 14 flocks were further examined against a panel of five IBV antigens (Ark, Conn, DE-072, JMK, and Mass) by HI test to determine the serotype(s) of IBV they have been exposed to. The HI test results indicated that the exposure of some of these flocks were to Ark, DE-072, and Mass like serotypes. However, the HI titers against the antigens used in this study were relatively similar in 10 out of the 14 flocks (71%) and the serotype of IBV that these flocks were exposed to could not be determined and the possible causes of this are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of kaolinite of the Baten El-Ghoul region/south Jordan by infrared spectroscopy.

The infrared spectra (3700-500 cm-1) have been recorded for kaolinite obtained from the Baten El-Ghoul region/south Jordan. The spectra were recorded for raw and dried samples, using KBr disk and nujol methods. The vibrational assignments of the basic fundamental modes were proposed, which were supported by the spectra obtained from the two methods used. The results obtained were compared with other related studies.

Bromides↗
PubMed2006

Lead and cadmium in human teeth from Jordan by atomic absorption spectrometry: Some factors influencing their concentrations.

The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in human teeth and to investigate the affecting factors. Teeth samples (n = 268) were collected from people living in different cities in Jordan including Amman, Zarqa, Al-Mafraq and Irbid and analyzed for Pb and Cd using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). A questionnaire was used to gather information on each person, such as age, sex, place where the patient lives, smoking, presence of amalgam fillings inside the mouth, and whether the patient uses toothpaste or not. The mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were 28.91 microg/g and 0.44 microg/g, respectively. The results indicate that there is a clear relation between Pb and Cd concentrations and the presence of amalgam fillings, smoking, and place of living. Pb was sex-dependent, whereas Cd was not. Our results show that Pb and Cd concentrations in samples obtained from Al-Mafraq and Irbid are higher than those obtained from Amman and Zarqa. Pb was highest in Mafraq, whereas Cd was highest in Irbid. The Pb and Cd concentrations in teeth from smokers (means: Pb = 31.89 microg/g, Cd = 0.49 microg/g) were significantly higher than those from nonsmokers (means: Pb = 24.07 microg/g, Cd = 0.37 microg/g). Pb and Cd concentrations in teeth of patients with amalgam fillings (means: Pb = 31.02 microg/g and Cd = 0.52 microg/g) were significantly higher than those from patients without amalgam fillings (means: Pb = 26.87 microg/g and Cd = 0.41 microg/g). Our results show that brushing the teeth daily with toothpaste does not significantly decrease the concentration of both Pb and Cd. The mean concentrations of Pb and Cd do not vary significantly between the ages 20-30, 31-40, and 41-50, but both increased rapidly at age 51-60.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sedentarization and children's health: changing discourses in the northeast Badia of Jordan.

The significance of the socioeconomic and cultural contexts of individuals' accounts of health and illness is recognized in studies of lay discourses of health and illness. However, many studies of health care utilization argue that social and cultural contexts in non-industrialized countries reinforce the use of traditional medicines and constitute barriers to the effective use of biomedical services, reflecting the rooting of such studies in discourses of modernization and development. Based on interviews with 181 parents, this article illustrates the influence of development on changing discourses of children's health and illness among sedentarizing Bedu communities of the northeast Badia of Jordan. The accounts of sedentarized and semi-nomadic families are contrasted. It is suggested that Bedu social values have precipitated rather than inhibited changes. The article highlights the importance of understanding historical, socioeconomic and cultural contexts in formulating appropriate models of health service delivery.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Ethnobotanical survey of folk toxic plants in southern part of Jordan.

Thirteen representative phytogeographical sites in the southern part of Jordan was surveyed to recognize the folk toxic plant wealth by calculating of FL, RPL, and ROP values. One hundred and twenty-five toxic species were recorded in the area of study belonging to 56 plant families that were mentioned by three informants or more, 53 toxic species (42.4%) were popular, since they were cited by more than half of the maximum number of informants which is 30; therefore have Rank-Order Priority (ROP) value 50 or more, while 72 species (57.6%) were unpopular, since they were cited by less than half of the maximum number of informants; therefore have ROP value less than 50. Eighty species (63.5%) have known toxicity in neighboring countries while 46 species (36.5%) have not such known toxicity. Major toxic effects cited by popular species have exhibited major symptoms ranging from skin irritation, gastric and abdominal disturbances, abortion, sterility, neuralgic pains including hysteria, and fatigue. The studied area has been shown a high level of toxic species diversity, since it is dominated by at least four phytogeographical elements, which requires certain ecological awareness to protect and reserve the wild and endemic species from further threats to enhance the sustainable development.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2006

Przhevalskiana silenus myiasis among slaughter goats in northern Jordan.

During the period December 1998-May 2000, 900 local goats slaughtered at the Irbid Abattoir (northern Jordan) were examined for the larval instars of Przhevalskiana silenus. Of 900 goats, 10% (95% CI: 9,13) were infested with P. silenus larvae. Only the second and third larval instars were seen. A multiple-regression analysis (with the error variance described by the negative-binomial function) suggested that infestation depended on the month of sampling, and that infestation with live larvae was associated with a poorer carcass. The percentage of infested goats and the mean monthly total number of larvae per goat peaked in samples taken in the autumn and winter. Larval numbers were highly aggregated: most animals had no larvae but the maximum was 69. Analysis of the pattern of aggregation suggested that the best model fit was one in which the larvae counts per goat varied with the monthly prevalence.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of medical wastes management practice: a case study of the northern part of Jordan.

This study includes a survey of the procedures available, techniques, and methods of handling and disposing of medical waste at medium (between 100 and 200 beds) to large (over 200 beds) size healthcare facilities located in Irbid city (a major city in the northern part of Jordan). A total of 14 healthcare facilities, including four hospitals and 10 clinical laboratories, serving a total population of about 1.5 million, were surveyed during the course of this research. This study took into consideration both the quantity and quality of the generated wastes to determine generation rates and physical properties. Results of the survey showed that healthcare facilities in Irbid city have less appropriate practices when it comes to the handling, storage, and disposal of wastes generated in comparison to the developed world. There are no defined methods for handling and disposal of these wastes, starting from the personnel responsible for collection through those who transport the wastes to the disposal site. Moreover, there are no specific regulations or guidelines for segregation or classification of these wastes. This means that wastes are mixed, for example, wastes coming from the kitchen with those generated by different departments. Also, more importantly, none of the sites surveyed could provide estimated quantities of waste generated by each department, based upon the known variables within the departments. Average generation rates of total medical wastes in the hospitals were estimated to be 6.10 kg/patient/day (3.49 kg/bed/day), 5.62 kg/patient/day (3.14 kg/bed/day), and 4.02 kg/patient/day (1.88 kg/bed/day) for public, maternity, and private hospitals, respectively. For medical laboratories, rates were found to be in the range of 0.053-0.065 kg/test-day for governmental laboratories, and 0.034-0.102 kg/test-day for private laboratories. Although, based on the type of waste, domestic or general waste makes up a large proportion of the waste volume, so that if such waste is not mixed with patient derived waste, it can be easily handled. However, based on infections, it is important for healthcare staff to take precautions in handling sharps and pathological wastes, which comprises only about 26% of the total infectious wastes. Statistical analysis was conducted to develop mathematical models to aid in the prediction of waste quantities generated by the hospitals studied, or similar sites in the city that are not included in this study. In these models, the number of patients, number of beds, and hospital type were determined to be significant factors on waste generation. Such models provide decision makers with tools to better manage their medical waste, given the dynamic conditions of their healthcare facilities.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1999

Economic costs of traffic accidents in Jordan.

The objectives of this study were to estimate the economic costs of traffic accidents in Jordan during the year of 1996 and to derive unit accident costs for various accident severity levels. The related data were acquired from different sources, including traffic police records, insurance companies, private hospitals and medical centers. In this study, a framework for applying unit casualty class costs, unit property damage cost, as well as police activities and insurance administration costs to accidents of various severity levels was suggested. The loss-of-output, the loss quality of life, the community and family losses, the temporary and permanent losses, and hospitalization and medical treatment costs were estimated in computing the unit cost for fatalities or injuries of different casualty classes. The vehicle repair cost, detention period cost, and public and private costs were accounted for in estimating the unit cost of property damages. The results indicate that the 1996 traffic accidents cost the country about JD 103 million ($US 146.3 million).

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

Dioxins and furans in the Jordanian environment. Part 2: Levels of PCDD and PCDF in human milk samples from Jordan.

Thirty individual human milk samples were gathered from five main towns in Jordan. They were mixed to six pooled samples and analyzed for PCDD and PCDF. All examined samples were contaminated with 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HeptaCDD (3.2-96.0 ng/kg fat) and OctaCDD (29.0-147 ng/kg fat). The calculated TEQ (BGA)-values range between 0.26 and 60.32 ng TEQ/kg fat, which are all above the calculated tolerable concentration of 0.19 ng TEQ/kg milk fat.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pollution load of Pb, Zn, and Cd and mineralogy of the recent sediments of Jordan River/Jordan.

The present geochemical analyses of Zn, Pb and Cd in eighteen subsurface sediment samples collected from two locations along the Jordan River show that Cd is anthropogenically enriched in these sediments. In the sediment column, the concentration of Zn, Pb and Cd decreases clearly with depth in the first location of the upper reach, due to the high rate of sedimentation in this location; whereas the enrichment of elements of the lower reach increases gradually towards the old sediments. The Anthropogenic factor of the studied metals lies in the sequence of Pb>Cd>Zn.

Cadmium↗
PubMed2000

Age and seasonal variations in the prevalence of Oestrus ovis larvae among sheep in northern Jordan.

During the period March 1996-July 1997, 417 heads of Awassi sheep slaughtered at the Irbid Abattoir (northern Jordan) were examined for the three larval instars (L1, L2 and L3) of Oestrus ovis. Of the 417 heads, 242 (58%) were infested with O. ovis larvae. Larval numbers were highly aggregated. The lowest number of larvae and the lower quartile were both zero, whilst the median was two and the upper quartile was 12. The highest number of larvae recovered from one head was 151. All three larval instars were observed in each month of the year. July and October had the highest proportions of L1, 75 and 78%, respectively, among infected animals (adjusted for age). The number of larvae increased with age. Infestation with live larvae was associated with inflammatory responses in the upper respiratory tract and with catarrhal or purulent discharge. The percentage of infested sheep and the mean monthly total number of larvae/sheep peaked in the warmer part of the year. Most larvae were L1 except during the spring when L2 and L3 predominated. Distribution analysis demonstrates that the numbers of larvae recovered in the sheep population followed a negative-binomial distribution. Furthermore, the negative-binomial constant k for each month correlated with the monthly prevalence.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2002

Flock-level prevalence of Eimeria species among broiler chicks in northern Jordan.

Six chicks (3-6 weeks of age) were taken randomly from each of 200 broiler farms in northern Jordan, these chicks were submitted for post-mortem and parasitological examinations. Seven Eimeria spp. were identified: E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. mivati, E. mitis, and E. tenella. Half (50%) of the farms surveyed had all six chicks infected, 23% of the farms were free of the infection. E. tenella was the most prevalent species (39%) followed by E. necatrix (12%), E. brunitti (12%), and E. maxima (10%). Prevalences did not vary by flock size. Also, neither the use of coccidiostat nor previous coccidiosis clinical outbreaks was associated with the prevalence of coccidiosis.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of Taenia multiceps in sheep in northern Jordan.

From March 1996 to February 1997, slaughtered-sheeps' heads were examined for the metacestode of Taenia multiceps. Out of 451 sheep heads, only 12 (3%) were infested. All cysts but one were in the age group 0.5-2.5 years old, with prevalence of 10% (11 of 108). Eleven of 12 infested heads were found during the spring and autumn seasons. Out of 95 flocks involved in questionnaire survey unrelated to the abattoir survey, all the farmers reported the existence of the clinical signs known for coenurosis and described it in locally known names and diseases. Twenty-five of them had recent cases that were diagnosed by the veterinarian as coenurosis cases. Each flock reported one or two cases at the time of survey. A variety of clinical signs were reported from these cases (n = 42). These included circling (86%), head pressing (52%), blindness (29%) and paresis (40%). Coenurosis is a sheep-health problem and an important cause of sheep culling in Jordan.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

Oestrus ovis larval myiasis among goats in northern Jordan.

From December 1998 to December 1999, heads of 520 local goats slaughtered at the Irbid, Ramtha and Howarra Abattoirs (northern Jordan) were examined for the three larval instars (L(1)-L(3)) of Oestrus ovis. Of 520 heads, 126 (24%) were infested with O. ovis larvae. All three larval instars were observed in both sexes; all age groups were infested in each month of the year. The mean age of the goats sampled was 1.5 years. The numbers of parasites infesting hosts showed a significant (P<0.05) correlation with sheep age (r(sp)=0.31-0.42) for all three larval instars. The numbers of larvae in each host followed an overdispersed distribution, which fit a negative-binomial model (but not a Poisson distribution). There were more parasites recorded in the presence of purulent discharge or laryngitis, fewer in the presence of catarrhal discharge and no association with pharyngitis sinusitis, or rhinitis.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiology of ovine brucellosis in Awassi sheep in Northern Jordan.

We used a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal design to estimate seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in Awassi sheep and the incidence of abortion due to brucellosis during one lambing season, and to test risk factors. The Brucella organisms isolated from aborted fetuses and vaginal swabs were characterized as Brucella melitensis biotype 3. Seventy Awassi sheep flocks were selected randomly from Northern Jordan. Sixty two of the 70 flocks were used in the cross-sectional study and 8 flocks were monitored for three consecutive months to estimate the incidence of abortion. Questionnaire data and 602 serum samples were collected and analyzed. Thirty five flocks (56%) were brucellosis-seropositive by the Rose Bengal plate-agglutination test (RBT) and 28 (45%) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The crude seroprevalence of brucellosis at the individual-animal level was 14.3% by RBT, 7.2% by ELISA and 2.2% using both tests in series. The flock-specific, animal-level abortion risk ranged between 2.5 and 50% (median=22.6%). The flock brucellosis-status was used as the outcome variable in a multivariable logistic regression. Grazing at communal pasture increased odds, but usage of disinfectants, previous vaccination for brucellosis, and tap water were protective. The animal-level incidence of abortion was 20% and the specific incidence risk of abortion due to brucellosis was 13%.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of Surra among camels and horses in Jordan.

The prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection among camels and horses in Jordan was studied using thick blood smears and inoculation techniques with mice and rats. A total of 437 camels and 83 horses from four climatic zones were surveyed. In addition, 40 donkeys, 32 cattle and 35 goats in contact with infected camels and horses were also tested in the same way. Clinical disease was evident in 8.2% of the camels (36 out of 437) and in 9.6% of the horses (8 out of 83). Infection was limited only to the Sweama area on the Dead Sea (within the warm desert-climatic zone), with prevalence of 30.5% and 33.3%, respectively, for camels and horses. Donkeys, cattle and goats examined were all free from T. evansi. Clinically affected camels were positive by both, thick blood smear and mouse and rat inoculations. Rat and mouse inoculations revealed (X2 = 3.2, df = 1, exact p = 0.07) greater number of positive cases in horses than those revealed by thick blood smears. T. evansi-infected camels and horses showed all the clinical signs known for Surra. In addition, it was observed that 100% of infected camels stared at the sun.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Radionuclides in hot mineral spring waters in Jordan.

Hot mineral springs in Jordan are very attractive to people who seek physical healing but they are unaware of natural radioactive elements that may be contained in the hot mineral water. The activities of the natural radioactive isotopes were measured and the concentrations of the parents of their natural radioactive series were calculated. The measured radionuclides were 234Th, 226Ra, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac, 228Th, 212Pb, 212Bi and 208Tl. In addition the activities of 235U and 40K were measured. The activities ranged from 0.14 to 34.8 Bq/l, while the concentrations of parent uranium and thorium isotopes ranged from 3.0 x 10(-3) to 0.59 mg/l. The results were compared with those for drinking water.

Balneology↗
PubMed1997

Equine babesiosis associated with strenuous exercise: clinical and pathological studies in Jordan.

Clinical, haematological and pathological studies were undertaken in Jordan in a stud of 103 racing horses clinically suffering from babesiosis and apparently healthy animals. Out of 47 horses which participated in strenuous exercise, three mares showed sudden onset of immobility and reluctance to move and two mares died. Clinical examination revealed that these five horses (group 1) had fever, anorexia, weakness and severe icterus and, in two mares, haemoglobinuria. Haematological examination revealed that all five horses were heavily parasitized with Babesia equi. This was also found in four horses (group 2) with no evidence of clinical babesiosis. In group 3 (94 horses), neither clinical signs nor B. equi were observed in the blood. The horses in group 1 and 2 recovered after treatment with imidocarb. When the mean values of white blood cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin and packed cell volume in group 1 were compared with those for groups 2 and 3, a significant difference was found (P < 0.05). A significant difference was also found when the mean values were compared before and after treatment. Examination of serum total protein, bilirubin and serum enzymes revealed a significant decrease in the mean value of total serum protein (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in the mean values of bilirubin (P < 0.05) in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. A significant elevation in the mean value of aspartate aminotransaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and creatine phosphokinase and a substantial elevation in the mean value of alkaline phosphatase was also observed in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. Postmortem examination of the dead horses showed that the animals had icterus, hepatomegaly and full urinary bladder with deep-red urine. Histopathological examination of the liver showed massive centrilobular degeneration and necrosis. The bile canaliculi and bile ducts were prominent and plugged with dark-brown to canary-coloured bile pigments. The lungs had congestion, oedema, and thrombosis of pulmonary veins. Our results suggest that the horses suffered from B. equal with clinical manifestation following exercise. The clinical, haematological and pathological findings indicate that the animals suffered from haemolytic anaemia which responded to imidocarb therapy.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗