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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Anaerobic degradation of pteridines and purines by intestinal organisms.

Microorganisms located within rat cecal contents degraded or catabolized [2-14C]pteridines and [2-14C]purines under anaerobic conditions, resulting in the release of 14CO2. A saturating concentration of guanosine did not affect the rate of release of CO2 from biopterin, and, likewise, the presence of a saturating level of biopterin did not significantly alter the release of CO2 from guanosine, indicating that the catabolism of these two compounds was by different systems. Part of the catabolic organisms for guanosine were segregated in a culture dilution experiment. These catabolic activities were detected in feces of humans and various other mammals. The results are compared with previously published data on the degradation of pteridines and purines.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of octreotide and a-tocopherol on bacterial translocation in experimental intestinal obstruction: a microbiological, light and electronmicroscopical study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bacterial translocation induced by intestinal obstruction is suggested to be due to increased intestinal luminal volume, leading to intestinal overgrowth with certain enteric microorganisms and intestinal mucosal damage. If this suggestion is true, maintenance of intestinal mucosal integrity by a cytoprotective agent, a-tocopherol, and inhibition of gastrointestinal secretions by octreotide should decrease the incidence of bacterial translocation and extent of mucosal injury due to intestinal obstruction. METHODS: Complete intestinal obstruction was created in the distal ileum of male Wistar Albino rats by a single 3-0 silk suture. The animals received subcutaneous injections of 1 ml of physiologic saline (group 1) (PS 24) and 1 ml of saline containing octreotide acetate (100 micrograms/kg) (group 2) (OC 24), at 0, 12 and 24 hours of obstruction. In group 3 (PS 48) and group 4 (OC 48), the rats were treated with subcutaneous physiologic saline (1 ml) and octreotide acetate (100 micrograms/kg), respectively, beginning at the time of obstruction and every 12 hours for 48 hours. The rats in group 5 (Toc 24), were pretreated with intramuscular a-tocopherol 500 mg/kg on day 1 and 8, and underwent laparotomy on day 9. A third dose of a-tocopherol was injected at the time of obstruction on day 9 and no treatment was given thereafter. We tested the incidence of bacterial translocation in systemic organs and circulation and evaluated the histopathological changes in all groups. RESULTS: Treatment with octreotide acetate was found to be ineffective in reducing the incidence of translocation, with no histopathological improvement. Mucosal damage scores, on the other hand, in the a-tocopherol group were statistically less than those in the octreotide and control groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, a-tocopherol treatment decreased the incidence of organ invasion with translocating bacteria, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Octreotide acetate treatment in complete intestinal obstruction has no effect on the incidence of bacterial translocation. a-Tocopherol, on the other hand, has a cytoprotective effect on intestinal mucosa in intestinal obstruction which, in turn, is thought to decrease bacterial translocation when used in physiological doses and prophylactically.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactions among microorganisms of the indigenous intestinal flora and their influence on the host.

The animal host and its intestinal microbial flora function together as a complex ecologic system in which there is a significant impact of the intestinal flora on the host as well as of components of the microbial flora on one another. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the intestinal flora influence numerous anatomic, physiologic, and immunologic parameters of the host. Constituents of the indigenous intestinal flora also engage in a multitude of antagonistic and cooperative interactions. The normal bacterial intestinal flora represents an extremely important defense mechanism, which effectively interferes with the establishment of many important enteric pathogens. Mechanisms by which microorganisms suppress the growth of other microorganisms include modification of bile acids, stimulation of peristalsis, induction of immunologic responses, depletion of essential substrates from the environment, competition for attachment sites, creation of restrictive physiologic environments, and elaboration of antibiotic-like substances. Components of the intestinal microbial flora also interact synergistically in the induction of disease or the utilization of substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria.

The immunoglobulin A (IgA) is produced to defend mucosal surfaces from environmental organisms, but host defenses against the very heavy load of intestinal commensal microorganisms are poorly understood. The IgA against intestinal commensal bacterial antigens was analyzed; it was not simply "natural antibody" but was specifically induced and responded to antigenic changes within an established gut flora. In contrast to IgA responses against exotoxins, a significant proportion of this specific anti-commensal IgA induction was through a pathway that was independent of T cell help and of follicular lymphoid tissue organization, which may reflect an evolutionarily primitive form of specific immune defense.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative study of chromatography-mass spectrography of microorganism's chemical markers in blood and intestinal mucosa bioptats].

Fatty acids, that are microorganism's markers in blood and jejunum's, ileum's, and large intestine's bioptats of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome were investigated with gas chromatography. Markers of Cl. perfringens, Cl. difficile, Enterococcus, Streptomyces, Enterobacterial, Klebsiella, E. coli, Peptostreptococcus, Candida Albicans, genus of Streptococcus, of Staphylococcus, of Fusobacterium sp and others microorganisms were revealed. Settling of intestinal mucosa was the same in jejunum, ileum and large intestine (0.5-1.3) x 10(10) cells/gr. and was approximately the same as microorganism's concentration in feces (1.8 x 10(11) cells/gr). Correlation of blood and bioptats markers was demonstrated in the most patients. The possibility to use specific fatty blood acids as microorganisms markers in preliminary diagnosis of mucosa microflora changes is discussed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2005

[Role of intestinal flora in inflammatory bowel disease and probiotics place in their management].

The pathogenic role of certain microorganism of intestinal flora has been demonstrated in experimental colitis in animals and strongly suspected in inflammatory bowel disease in human, especially in Crohn's disease and pouchitis. Probiotics are living non pathogenic microorganisms that, upon oral ingestion exert benefits on human health by modulating enteric flora or by stimulation of local immune system. The aim of this article is to remind the role of intestinal flora in inflammatory bowel disease, the mechanism of inflammation induced by this flora and to review through the literature, the different clinical studies performed with probiotics in human.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The etiologic structure of acute intestinal infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms (Irkutsk, 1984-1988)].

The authors analyze the results of bacteriologic studies carried out in patients with intestinal infections at the laboratory of the Sanitary Epidemiologic Center of the town of Irkutsk over 1984-1988. The records of 24,490 case histories show infections induced by opportunistic microflora in 37 percent of cases. The most frequent etiologic agents were Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae, genera: Proteus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Hafnia. Analysis of the incidence of acute intestinal infections induced by opportunistic bacteria in various age groups evidence that mostly infants aged under 1 suffer from them. In older children S. aureus is no longer etiologically significant and it is replaced by Enterobacter and Klebsiella. The authors find it interesting to compare the etiological patterns of enteritis induced by opportunistic microorganisms in various regions of our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of spore-free anaerobic microorganisms of pancreatic tissue in experimental acute pancreatitis].

The simulation model of an acute pancreatitis (AP), using translocation of microorganisms from intestine to ductal system and pancreatic tissue, was created in experiment on dogs. Interrelationships between pancreatic tissue and anaerobic microorganism in an AP were studied, using electron microscopy. Possibility of the microorganisms migration to pancreas from ductal system in early stage of AP due to enhanced reproduction of anaerobic microorganisms in duodenum was established. It is impossible to exclude the possibility of their invasion via the lymph and the blood flow into destructively changed pancreatic tissue in late terms of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An in vivo model for studying adherence of intestinal pathogens.

A new method for preparing an isolated colonic loop in a living rabbit is described. The loop with its intact neurovascular supply can be used as as a "living test tube" to study the adherence of microorganisms to intestinal mucosa. Moreover, the clear colonic mucus produced by the loop can be used to study its physiochemical nature and protecting properties in health and disease.

Adhesiveness↗