SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HABIT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Restoration of the habit of routine tooth brushing teeth in patients with severe dementia].

Purpose-related activities are often lost in severe dementia, including oral hygiene habits such as brushing teeth. The aim of this study is to investigate whether patients with severe dementia can be induced to develop an oral hygiene routine through an occupational therapy approach and whether routine training in oral hygiene habits can reduce dental or denture plaque. Six female inpatients in the same room, who had been given diagnosis of multiple cerebral infarction and dementia. The project design included 4 periods a, b1, b2, and c, a and c were observation periods, while b1 and b2 were general approach periods. In the approach periods we held meetings, and made the program for oral hygiene, planning and problem-solving. In the b2 period both direct intervention by the dentists, dental hygienists and occupational therapists reinforced the habit of brushing teeth in subjects and educated care approach guidance. No patient completely resumed routine habit of brushing teeth, but an improvement in brushings was found in four subjects, one case had no change, and in one case brushing deteriorated. The state of oral hygiene showed improvement in periods b1 and b2. Although the adherence of dental plaque decreased in period b2, it increased in period c. Despite the improvement in performance, sufficient improvement in oral disease prophylaxis was not recognized, suggesting the necessity of professional oral health care by dental staff, and of a disciplinary team approach.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[The necessity of motivation for acquiring the habit of exercise by means of a calorie counter combined with an accelerometer].

The development of the habit of exercise is necessary for workers whose daily occupation prevents them from doing physical activities. However, few workers have acquired this habit of exercise. To motivate such workers, the validity of a calorie counter combined with an accelerometer (KENZ Calorie Counter or KENZ Calorie Counter alpha) was tested as a motivation tool for acquiring this habit. The subjects of this study were 14 volunteers. After 7 days' preliminary measurement of their physical activities by a calorie counter, they continued to measure the energy consumption of their physical activities over one month. Ten volunteers were able to continue the measurement, but 4 volunteers dropped out. The energy consumption of physical activities after one month measurement significantly (P less than 0.001) increased to 70% more than that of the preliminary measurement. At the present time, nine volunteers are continuing to measure their daily energy consumption. The results suggest that the measurement of one's daily physical activities by a calorie counter is one of the best ways to develop the habit of exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Questionnaire research of the participants in a large scale walking event Fukuoka City analysis of walking habits and related factors].

PURPOSE: We examined the walking habits of the participants in the 'AIREF Spring Walk' which was held on March 9, 1997 in the western suburb of Fukuoka City. The aim of this walking event was to motivate the citizens, especially sedentary people, to walk by providing them an opportunity to enjoy walking. METHODS: The participants walked one of three distances (5 km, 10 km or 20 km) and answered anonymously a questionnaire immediately after finishing (100% response rare). The questionnaire items covered sex, age, district of residence, the distance of the walking course, the source of information on the event, experience of participating in other walking events in the past, and walking habits. RESULTS: The participants of this event (n = 1,039, mean age 49.4 +/- 18.9 [SD] years) were characterized by high rates for females (67%), those aged < 50 years (42%), residents of Fukuoka City (89%), those who chose to walk the shorter courses of 5 or 10 km (74%), and those who took part in a walking event for the first time (61%). Information on the event was obtained through other people (32%) such as friends, acquaintances, members of community walking groups or other family members, leaflets (21%) placed in the Fukuoka Health Promotion Center and seven Fukuoka City public health centers; a newspaper published biweekly by the municipal government (13%); and direct mail (11%). For those attending the 5 km course, more participants learned about the event through other family members compared with the other two courses. Participants who answered that they walked regularly constituted 56% of those aged 20 years or older. The rates for regular walkers significantly increased with the older participants (p < 0.01) and those who chose longer courses (p < 0.001). Compared with the regular walkers, those without a walking habit tended to have acquired information on the event from friends, acquaintances or other family members, or at their work sites (35%). The average amount of time spent was 249 +/- 175 min/week (n = 375). As a whole, only 30% of the participants aged 20 years or older walked longer than the amount of time for aerobic exercise recommended by the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry (HLWM). The rate for those who reached the HLWM recommendations was increased in older subject (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the aim of the walking event was partly accomplished, which was reflected by the relatively high rates of participation sedentary for people, compared with other large walking events. The sedentary participants tended to choose the relatively short distances and obtain the information about the event through other people. Walking promotion programs should be developed to motivate sedentary citizens to walk. The programs should also support regular walkers, many of whom are 50 years old or older, to maintain walking habits with the HLWM recommendations on aerobic exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Results of youth dentistry. Oral health and oral hygiene habits of children participating in regional institutions].

In order to evaluate the results of Regional Institutions (RI's) for Youth Dentistry, an epidemiological study was performed on caries experience and oral hygiene habits of 5-, 8- and 11-year-olds, getting dental treatment in these institutions. In the big cities participants of the RI's appeared to be mostly from the lower social levels of society and ethnic minority groups. Caries experience and oral hygiene habits of these children were relatively unfavourable. A significant statistical correlation exists between oral hygiene habits and caries experience. Differences between the results of the RI's with respect to the oral health and the oral hygiene habits of the participants can be explained to a large extent by the mentioned social and ethnic differences.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2001

Prevalence of oral habits in 563 Nigerian preschool children age 3-5 years.

One of the contributory factors in the establishment of occlusion is the child's oral habits. A limited amount of information is available on oral habits of pre-school children especially on Nigerian pre-school children. With an increasing interest in the early recognition of mal-occlusion and a corresponding emphasis on preventive procedures, more information on pre-school children may prove to be useful. This study revealed the prevalence of oral habits among 563 Nigerian pre-school children aged 3-5 years at 13.14%: 6.74% for males, 6.4%for females. The acquired data were tested with chi-square(chi2). The results indicate significant gender difference for tongue thrusting/sucking only (P=0.01) using the fisher's exact test. The relationship between digital sucking habit and mal-occlusion was very significant (P<0.01).

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed1992

Prevalence of dental caries and enamel defects in the primary dentition of Antiguan pre-school children aged 3-4 years including an assessment of their habits.

In 1989 a national survey was carried out on children aged 3 to 4 years attending nursery schools, to investigate the prevalence of caries experience, nursing bottle caries and enamel defects in the primary dentition, and these children's dentally related habits. In the first part of the study, examination of 482 Antiguan children showed that the dmft and dmfs values were 0.80 and 1.26 respectively, and that 77 per cent of the children were caries free; 4.6 per cent of children had nursing bottle caries; and enamel defects occurred in 24 per cent of children. No significant difference was found in oral health between urban and rural samples. In the second part, which was an interview survey, habits such as thumb sucking (13 per cent), not brushing their teeth (3 per cent), and swallowing fluoride toothpaste (13 per cent) were found among 369 children. In the third (a questionnaire) survey, a response rate of 63 per cent was obtained. Significantly more of the children with nursing bottle caries (78.6 per cent) had the habit of sleeping with a feeding bottle than occurred in caries free children (25.6 per cent), but there was no difference in the infant feeding pattern. The children with enamel defects were breast fed for a shorter period and had an earlier introduction to bottle feeding, compared with children without enamel defects. In the final part of the survey, an assessment of snack eating habits at school, a 58 per cent response rate was achieved. The majority of children often brought healthier snacks, together with daily sugar-rich drinks. Significantly more caries free children brought sugary snacks less frequently than children with caries experience.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Habits and rituals.

On-going restructuring in the Danish care for the elderly is to a very high degree based on recognition of the significance of habits and rituals, as well on the knowledge of what is needed to alter them. Habits and rituals are concepts that are often confused in everyday patterns of thought. It is necessary to be able to distinguish between the two concepts before change can be effected. To varying degrees people are characterised by unconscious and conscious habits as well as inherited and personal rituals. Personal development, age, support from one's surroundings, and so on, determine the degree to which a person may continue or alter acquired patterns of habit and ritual.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1995

Relationship between smoking habit and sociodemographic factors.

The main purpose of conducting this study is to investigate the sociodemographic factors influencing the initiation of smoking habit in Al-Madinah city. A representative random sample was selected from different sectors in Al-Madinah region including government directorates employees, hospitals physicians, school students and others. Data were collected by a self administered questionnaire and analyzed by using the computer system. The results revealed that age, marital status, number of children and family smoking were significant influencing factors for initiating smoking habit, however, no significant relationships were found between smoking habit and education or monthly income. Our findings showed that about 80% of the smokers were cigarette smokers and 72% of them have tried to quit smoking but failed to do so, the reasons of failure were attributed to social and psychological stresses in 63% of cases. Our data also showed that friends and imitation of adults (51.2%) were the main reasons for initiating smoking habit.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Habit patterns in the use of the manual toothbrush. 1].

It is the goal of this study to quantitatively assess the habit patterns of toothbrushing. In the course of nine sessions such variables as force, duration, technique (scrubbing, rotating, or sweeping) as well as the sequence of brush positions and the number of changes of brushing sites were determined in 85 men and women, who were neither motivated nor instructed to maintain oral hygiene. The "force of habit" was an unexpectedly dominant factor, the least variations being observed in the brushing technique. On the other hand, a comparison of the degrees of habit of patients with and without acute or chronic brush-induced lesions (gingival recession, Stillman's clefts, wedge-shaped defects) revealed that patients with gingival recessions had the highest degree of habit. Consequences of clinical relevance are pointed out.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Rhinotillexomania: psychiatric disorder or habit?

BACKGROUND: Conditions once considered bad habits are now recognized as psychiatric disorders (trichotillomania, onychopagia). We hypothesized that nose picking is another such "habit," a common benign practice in most adults but a time-consuming, socially compromising, or physically harmful condition (rhinotillexomania) in some. METHODS: We developed the Rhinotillexomania Questionnaire, mailed it to 1000 randomly selected adult residents of Dane County, Wisconsin, and requested anonymous responses. The returned questionnaires were analyzed according to age, sex, marital status, living arrangement, and educational level. Nose picking was characterized according to time involved, level of distress, location, attitudes toward self and others regarding the practice, technique, methods of disposal, reasons, complications, and associated habits and psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-four subjects responded. Ninety-one percent were current nose pickers although only 75% felt "almost everyone does it"; 1.2% picked at least every hour. For 2 subjects (0.8%), nose picking caused moderate to marked interferences with daily functioning. Two subjects spent between 15 and 30 minutes and 1 over 2 hours a day picking their nose. For 2 others, perforation of the nasal septum was a complication. Associated "habits" included picking cuticles (25%), picking at skin (20%), biting fingernails (18%), and pulling out hair (6%). CONCLUSION: This first population survey of nose picking suggests that it is an almost universal practice in adults but one that should not be considered pathologic for most. For some, however, the condition may meet criteria for a disorder-rhinotillexomania.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Health habits of health professionals].

The conduct of medical professionals is an important educational point of reference for the many people who see and know them. Nurses and other medical workers are often role models in which their daily health habits may be imitated by their patients, family of friends. With this in mind a study, based on a previously published work in the United States (Health Practices of Nursing Students), was performed to determine, first, if the daily habits of nurses are indeed healthy and adequate to communicate a salubrious lifestyle; second, to see if this group considers themselves capable and responsible for changing those unsanitary habits that they do have. Results of the surveys of 125 subject nurses from the University of Navarra indicate that there is a great amount of consciousness regarding the danger of most unsanitary habits and the need to avoid them, although many of them remain firmly entrenched in their daily lives. The percentage of nurses who felt capable or responsible for changing unhealthy practices was low (67.5%).

Habits↗

PubMed2004

Colonoscopic evaluation of middle aged patients with altered bowel habits.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of colorectal carcinoma in patients above 40 years of age presenting with altered bowel habits by colonoscopy. DESIGN: Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Services Hospital, Lahore between August 2000 to August 2002. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A group of 50 consecutive cases presenting with altered bowel habits meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. History and physical examination were recorded on a specifically designed proforma. Colonoscopy was done in these patients and any abnormality found was reported and biopsy specimen taken and sent for histopathology. RESULTS: A total number of 17 patients presenting with altered bowel habits were found to be suffering from colorectal carcinoma by colonoscopy. Among these in 30% the lesion was in the rectum, in 9% the lesion was in the sigmoid colon, 6% in the descending colon, 4% at the splenic flexure, 5% in the transverse colon, in 16% the lesion was found at the hepatic flexure and in 30% the lesion was in the ascending colon and caecum. CONCLUSION: Frequency of colorectal carcinoma is high in patients above 40 years of age who presenting with altered bowel habits. They should be investigated preferably by means of colonoscopy which is the most complete method of investigation and diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with a clinical suspicion of colorectal carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Premorbid smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking habits in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.

A number of studies have reported lower cigarette consumption in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) previous to onset of the disease. In an attempt to determine whether there existed a "premorbid attitude" by patients against the use of socially accepted "drugs," the premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and coffee consumption habits were compared in 128 PD patients and 256 controls. Patients and controls were selected by case control method and were recruited from the same health area and socioeconomic stratum. In males, the habits of smoking more than 10 cigarettes/day (p < 0.001) and drinking more than 50 g/day of alcohol (p < 0.001) were significantly less frequent in the PD patients than in the controls, but the differences in coffee consumption were nonsignificant. In females behavior did not differ significantly between the PD group and the controls for any of the three habits. There was no correlation between the amount of smoking and alcohol drinking and age at onset of PD or current Hoehn and Yahr's staging. Our results suggest the existence of a premorbid personality in males with PD, possibly conditioning a restrictive attitude toward the consumption of such toxic substances as tobacco and alcohol, yet a more tolerant attitude toward habits more widely accepted socially, like coffee consumption.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Language experience and right hemisphere tasks: the effects of scanning habits and multilingualism.

This study explores the effects of multilingualism and reading scanning habits on right hemisphere (RH) abilities. Native Hebrew speakers and Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals performed three tasks. Experiment 1 employed an odd/even decision paradigm on lateralized displays of bar graphs. Both groups of subjects displayed the expected LVFA within the range previously reported for readers of English. Experiment 2 consisted of a chair identification task designed to tap asymmetry of hemispheric arousal and a chimeric face task designed to tap RH specialization for facial emotion. Neither scanning habits nor language experience affected performance on the chair task. Scanning habits seem to have affected performance on the chimeric faces task: there was no preference for the left smile in these right-to-left readers, as opposed to previous results in the literature using left-to-right readers. Correlations between measures from the three tasks and all the subject's scores on an English proficiency test and on a Hebrew test for the bilinguals reveal tentative relationships between proficiency in a second language and RH abilities. The results do not support the hypothesis that multilingualism can affect the manner in which these nonlanguage tasks are subserved by the RH. They do support the hypothesis that scanning habits particular to specific languages can affect performance asymmetries on some nonlanguage tasks that have been posited to reflect RH specialization.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Relationships between childbearing and some food and alcohol habits: the Nordland Health Study.

The aim of the study was to describe associations between childbearing pattern (parity and age at first and last birth) and food and alcohol habits in middle aged women. This was done in a cross-sectional survey of 3576 women aged 40-42 years living in a county in northern Norway, involving 71 percent of all women in the age bracket living in the county. Information about childbearing and food and alcohol habits was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. High parity was positively related to indicators of a high intake of fat and low intake of fruits, vegetables and alcoholic beverages. High age at first birth was correlated with presumably healthy food habits and with a high wine and a low spirits consumption. High age at last birth was particularly related to relatively high vegetable and bread consumption and to low frequency of use of beer and spirits. As childbearing pattern and food and alcohol habits are correlated, they may be confounders for each other in analyses of risk factors for diseases with complex and multifactorial etiology (e.g. breast or colorectal cancer).

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Chewing and smoking habits in relation to precancer and oral cancer.

In a prospective epidemiologic house-to-house survey of a random sample in the district of Ernakulam in Kerala State, the annual incidence rate of leukoplakia per 1,000 adults was found to be 2.1 for males and 1.5 for females. The rate was highest in the mixed tobacco habits group and lowest (0) in the no habits group. During the same period, oral cancer developed only among the individuals, who had a history of a previously diagnosed oral lesion. Malignant transformation was significantly higher among the speckled leukoplakia cases. The rate of malignant transformation was also highest among leukoplakias associated with tobacco chewing habits. These results suggest that leukoplakias associated with different tobacco habits may have a different natural history.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sample survey of smoking habits in the German, French and Romansch speaking parts of Switzerland in 1975].

In a survey of a representative sample of 900 persons in Switzerland (excluding the Italian speaking parts comprising some 4-5 percent of the population), the smoking habits of the adult population were studied. Smokers were defined as persons smoking at least one cigarette or an equivalent weight of pipe tobacco or cigars per day. 51.8% of men and 29.0% of women over age 15 are smokers. Among male smokers of cigarettes only (42% of all men), over three quarters (77.6%) smoke ten cigarettes or more per day, i.e., a quantity found harmful to health; over one half (55.8%) smoke twenty or more cigarettes per day. Half of all female smokers smoke ten or more cigarettes, more than one in every four female smokers (28.8%) smoke twenty or more cigarettes per day. It is calculated that almost two thirds of all cigarettes sold in Switzerland are smoked by smokers of twenty or more cigarettes per day, and that almost three quarters are smoked by smokers of ten or more cigarettes. Among men, smoking habits are independent of social status, whereas among women, those with higher family incomes show more frequent smoking, but also more widespread cessation of smoking than with lower incomes. Thirty percent of adults having been smokers have given up the habit, so that among men and women above age 15, theree are now some 20% and 14% respectively, of ex-smokers. This corresponds to at least 700,000 former smokers in all of Switzerland. The trend to give up starts already in the group aged 15-24 (over 20% of men and women having ever smoked have given up) and becomes more marked with increasing age. A large part of male and female smokers would like to free themselves of the habit. 30% of male and 34% of female smokers indicate that they had tried seriously to stop smoking during the twelve months preceding the interview. Trying to give up was not significantly associated with intensity of smoking or social status. According to this survey, a majority of the population (57.6%) is in favor of reserving certain parts of restaurants to non-smokers, following the example of non-smokers-compartments in railway trains. In a situation where a non-smoker asks a co-worker in a closed room not to smoke, 78.3% take sides with the non-smoker, either by conceding to him a right to smoke-free air, or by demanding from the smoker to show consideration for the non-smoker. Only 10.9% demand from the non-smoker understanding for the smoker, or concede to the smoker a right to smoke at work. Women show more understanding for cause of the non-smoker than men. This difference is more marked among smokers and former smokers than among non-smokers. Inasmuch as the results of this study are comparable to those of earlier surveys conducted in Switzerland, ther is good agreement. The only exception is a significant increase of the proportion of former smokers in the past years.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

[Smoking habits in relation to socioeconomic factors].

Smoking habits are analyzed by SEG for men and women, aged 15-74. The SEGs are constructed using education and income and here only the middle-class, with three sub-groups, is considered. Over-achievers are more often smokers. There are less quitters and more heavy smokers in this sub-group than among under-achievers. Smoking habits of female over- and middle-achievers are similar to those of male over-achievers. Female and male under-achievers show similar smoking habits. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that socio-economic factors are influential in determining smoking habits.

Achievement↗