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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Behavioral genetic analysis of regional mouse brain biogenic amines, acidic metabolites and motor activity.

1. Comparative analyses of regional brain biogenic amines and spontaneous locomotor activity of three mouse strains suggest a genotype dependent relationship. 2. A positive correlation between striatal dopamine and locomotor activity was determined in the inbred albino BALB/c mouse strain. 3. An inverse relationship between some brain regions serotonin and motility was found in the inbred black C57BL/6 mouse strain. 4. No correlation could be established between brain monoamines and motor activity in the hybrid CDF-1 mouse strain. 5. The results suggest that inbred BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains may be useful animal models for studying dopaminergic and serotonergic acting agents, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: taxometric and behavior genetic findings.

Taxometric and biometric analyses were conducted on 2 North American samples to investigate the prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation. Results indicated that approximately 3.3% of the general population belongs to a pathological dissociative taxon. A brief 8-item self-report scale called the DES-T can be used to calculate taxon membership probabilities in clinical and nonclinical samples of adults (a SAS scoring program is provided for this purpose). The genetic and environmental architecture of pathological dissociative symptoms was explored by conducting a biometric analysis on DES-T ratings from 280 identical and 148 fraternal twins. The findings suggest that approximately 45% of the observed variance on the DES-T can be attributed to shared environmental influences. The remaining variance is due to nonshared environmental influences.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The structure of self-concept in female preadolescent twins: a behavioral genetic approach.

Two hundred and forty-three female monozygotic (MZ) and 164 female dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, aged 11 and 12 years, who participated in the ongoing Minnesota Twin Family Study, completed six specific scales of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (P-H). Model-fitting analyses yielded three major conclusions. First, approximately 30% of the variance in specific self-concepts in female preadolescents was due to genetic factors, with the remaining variance being accounted for primarily by nonshared environmental factors and measurement error. Second, the underlying common genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental factors influenced specific facets of self-concept directly and independently, rather than through an intervening phenotypic general self-concept. Finally, whereas genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental factors were necessary to explain the commonality among the specific self-concept scales, only genetic and nonshared environmental factors were sufficient to explain the specificity of those scales.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Examining the origins of gender differences in marital quality: a behavior genetic analysis.

Numerous researchers have examined gender differences in marital quality, with mixed results. In this study, the authors further this investigation by looking for genetic and environmental sources of variation in marital quality. The 1st aim of the study was to replicate previous findings of genetic and nonshared environmental influences on marital quality. The 2nd was to explore the etiology of gender differences in marital quality. The Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders sample of twin men and twin women was used. Genetic and nonshared environmental factors were again found to influence marital quality. Findings also suggest small differences between men and women in the levels of genetic and environmental influence on variance in marital quality. The men's reports of marital warmth and conflict were influenced by the same genetic factors, but women's reports of marital warmth and conflict were influenced by different genetic factors. Results are discussed in the context of previous research on social support and implications for future studies of the etiology of marital quality.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Genetic, behavioral and environmental determinants of male longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Males of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are shorter lived than hermaphrodites when maintained in single-sex groups. We observed that groups of young males form clumps and that solitary males live longer, indicating that male-male interactions reduce life span. By contrast, grouped or isolated hermaphrodites exhibited the same longevity. In one wild isolate of C. elegans, AB2, there was evidence of copulation between males. Nine uncoordinated (unc) mutations were used to block clumping behavior. These mutations had little effect on hermaphrodite life span in most cases, yet many increased male longevity even beyond that of solitary wild-type males. In one case, the neuronal function mutant unc-64(e246), hermaphrodite life span was also increased by up to 60%. The longevity of unc-4(e120), unc-13(e51), and unc-32(e189) males exceeded that of hermaphrodites by 70-120%. This difference appears to reflect a difference in sex-specific life span potential revealed in the absence of male behavior that is detrimental to survival. The greater longevity of males appears not to be affected by daf-2, but is influenced by daf-16. In the absence of male-male interactions, median (but not maximum) male life span was variable. This variability was reduced when dead bacteria were used as food. Maintenance on dead bacteria extended both male and hermaphrodite longevity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychophysiology of the posttraumatic stress disorder: from sulfur fumes to behavioral genetics.

Neurophysiological hypotheses regarding the body-mind relationship in stress disorders have been formulated more than 300 years ago. In 1941 Abraham Kardiner ascribed the name "physioneurosis" to the condition known today as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Psychophysiological studies of PTSD started with the demonstration of increased responsiveness to external stimuli reminiscent of the traumatic event. Later, abnormal responses to mental imagery were studied, and these studies have resulted in new tools for the assessment and diagnosis of the disorder. Recent studies focus on responses to elementary stimulation, such as the auditory startle reflex, thereby exploring basic CNS routines of habituation and stimulus-discrimination. This article reviews the rapidly expanding literature on the psychophysiology of PTSD. Special emphasis is given to recent studies of the auditory startle and to their implications for the neurobiology of PTSD.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synaptotagmin IV: biochemistry, genetics, behavior, and possible links to human psychiatric disease.

We isolated the rat synaptotagmin IV (Syt IV) cDNA in a screen for sequences that are specifically induced in neuronal cells. The Syts are a large family of genes thought to mediate synaptic function. Syt IV is brain-specific, induced in hippocampus by depolarization, and predominantly vesicular. To assess the function role of Syt IV in vivo, we generated Syt IV(-/-) mutant mice. Syt IV (-/-) mice are viable and appear normal, indicating this gene is not essential for survival or gross development. However, Syt IV (-/-) mutants, when compared to wild-type littermates, have deficits in fine motor coordination and hippocampus-dependent memory, suggesting Syt IV has a role in normal brain function. The human Syt IV ortholog maps to a region of chromosome 18 previously associated with the human psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disease. These results suggest that Syt IV is required in certain types of neurons for optimal functionality, that perturbations in the levels of Syt IV can result in memory loss in mice, and that Syt IV alterations may lead to psychiatric disease in humans.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Sleep disturbance in intentional self-awakenings: behavior-genetic and transient factors.

Unaided self-awakenings were studied, using a baseline vs treatment comparison with 84 undergraduate subjects serving as their own controls. The data suggest that situational constraints related to time and sleep environment affect successful awakenings, that the subjects' instructional set produces a temporary sleep disturbance, and that chronically sleep satisfied or dissatisfied groups respond differently to the procedures used here.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The genetic behavior of an Agropyron intermedium chromosome conferring BYDV resistance in wheat background].

Based on the chromosome origin identification of an Agropyron intermedium chromosome with BYDV resistance in Yi4212, a BYDV-resistant substitution line derived from the hybrids between 77-5433 and Zhong5, its ability compensating the lost wheat chromosomes and its transmission rate were investigated. The results indicated that the BYDV-resistant chromosomes originated from Zhong 5 could compensate the wheat chromosomes of homotologous group 2, 5 and 7. The chromosome conferring resistance to BYDV showed the intendance to substitute 2D rather than 2A, 2B wheat chromosomes in disomic substitution lines. In (77-5433/Zhong 5) selfing F2 population, 10 kinds of chromosome constitutions, including 9 expected and 1 unexpected kinds, and much chromosome number variation and little chromosome structure variation were observed. The transmission rate of the BYDV-resistant chromosome and the gametes carrying this chromosome were 56.3% and 33.0% respectively, both are lower than the expected ratio 75.0% and 50.0%. Some reasons were given to explain the related results, and chromosome in situ hybridization was an efficient and accurate way in studying the alien chromosome behavior in wheat background.

Chromosomes↗