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Structural adjustment: cure or curse? Implications for Caribbean development.
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Empowerment through income-generating projects.
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Social and economic factors in an integrated behavioral and societal approach to communications in HIV/AIDS.
Health communication scholars have tried to understand how individuals process information and have identified the factors that contribute to appropriate behavior change. Some of these theorists have, implicitly or explicitly, assumed that if individuals were provided with the "right" information they would adopt the recommended behavior. Some others have endorsed the need to provide behavioral skills along with information so that individuals are able to carry out the desired behavior. Both approaches, however, are concerned with individual behavior change. Sociodemographic variables like class, gender, and race have seldom figured in sociopsychological analyses in the AIDS context. Limited attention has been paid to the manner in which political, economic, and social variables have constrained or enabled individual behavior related to AIDS. In this article, the various sociopsychological theories/models that inform AIDS prevention are delineated; the sociopsychological approaches in the context of class, race, and gender issues are critiqued; and an analytical framework that integrates behavioral and societal level variables to guide policy interventions is provided.
Interprofessional teamwork: professional cultures as barriers.
Each health care profession has a different culture which includes values, beliefs, attitudes, customs and behaviours. Professional cultures evolved as the different professions developed, reflecting historic factors, as well as social class and gender issues. Educational experiences and the socialization process that occur during the training of each health professional reinforce the common values, problem-solving approaches and language/jargon of each profession. Increasing specialization has lead to even further immersion of the learners into the knowledge and culture of their own professional group. These professional cultures contribute to the challenges of effective interprofessional teamwork. Insight into the educational, systemic and personal factors which contribute to the culture of the professions can help guide the development of innovative educational methodologies to improve interprofessional collaborative practice.
The extended role of the nurse--opportunity or threat?
Nursing practice is undergoing changes that are both exciting and controversial. The UKCC Scope of Professional Practice has encouraged nurses to re-evaluate their practice and, as a result, nurses from various fields have expanded their roles to meet the changing needs of patients and the profession. Published evidence shows that nurses can be as effective as doctors within these expanded roles, but that there is a danger that gender issues will cloud the debate because of the assumption that all nurses are female and all doctors are male. This problem is especially evident when female nurses perform an extended role involving male patients, although female doctors are in a similar position and work with the same patients without undue comment. The roles of doctors and nurses should complement each other, and all practitioners should work for the benefit of patients in their care, rather than defending traditional roles and hierarchy. There is confusion surrounding accountability of nurses who work in an extended role between the medical and the nursing profession, and both the Royal College of Nursing and the British Medical Association need to clarify the situation. This article looks at the arguments for and against the extended role of the nurse specialist and discusses current opinions within the nursing and medical fields. The article also describes how nurses at Midland Fertility Services have successfully extended their role to encompass ultra-sound-guided oocyte retrieval and surgical sperm recovery.
Gender relations, development practice and "culture".
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Structures and processes: land, families, and gender relations.
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New masculinity: a different route.
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"Crabs in a bucket": reforming male identities in Trinidad.
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Violence, rape, and sexual coercion: everyday love in a South African township.
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Gender workshops with men: experiences and reflections.
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Food shortages and gender relations in Ikafe settlement, Uganda.
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Gender training for development practitioners: only a partial solution.
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"Girls cannot think as boys do": socialising children through the Zimbabwean school system.
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A double-edged sword: challenging women's oppression within Muslim society in northern Nigeria.
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Gender relations, "Hindu" nationalism, and NGO responses in India.
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