Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GYMNASTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Stress fractures of the medial malleolus--review of the literature and report of a 15-year-old elite gymnast.

Stress fracture of the medial malleolus is rare and not reported in children. We report a case of a 15-year-old elite gymnast with open physes sustaining a medial malleolar stress fracture. The patient was treated initially by rest and gradually returned to sport with full recovery. Two months later she developed a complete fracture of the medial malleolus of the same side. This was treated surgically by open reduction and internal fixation with a cancellous screw and soon after the operation she returned to full activities. Emphasis is given to the suspected mechanism which led to this unique fracture and to the hormonal aspects in the professional adolescent gymnast. We recommend surgical treatment of stress fracture of the medial malleolus especially for elite athletes, leading to early recovery and return to sports activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The influence of intensive physical exercise on bone acquisition in adolescent elite female and male artistic gymnasts.

Physical exercise enhances bone acquisition during adolescence. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of intensive physical exercise on bone acquisition in adolescent elite artistic gymnasts. The study included 262 athletes (93 males and 169 females, aged 13-23 yr) participating in the 24th European Championship held in Greece. Bone age compared with chronological age was delayed by 2 yr for females (n = 120) and 1 yr for males (n = 68). For both sexes, the growth chart of bone mineral density (BMD) followed a normal pattern when estimated according to bone age rather than chronological age. For females, BMD was positively correlated with bone age, chronological age, height, body weight, body mass index, body fat, lean body mass, and with age of onset of training, and negatively with duration of exercise and intensity of training (P values range from <0.05 to <0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that age of onset of training was the major parameter attenuating the effect of exercise on BMD (P < 0.001). The latter was related to the stage of puberty (P < 0.05). For males, BMD was correlated positively with bone age, height, body weight, and lean body mass (P values range from <0.01 to 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the more powerful factor influencing BMD was weight (P < 0.01). In conclusion, bone acquisition in adolescents under intensive physical training follows the normal pattern only when estimated according to bone age. The age of onset, the duration, and the intensity of exercise attenuate the bone acquisition, at least in female artistic gymnasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Video analysis of the deformation and effective mass of gymnastics landing mats.

INTRODUCTION: Landing mats that undergo large area deformation are now essential for the safe completion of landings in gymnastics. The aim of this study was to determine the effective mass, shock transmission time, and deformation characteristics of a mat during impacts using high-speed video and to improve the accuracy of measuring foot-mat contact forces during landing. For validation, the same variables need to be accurately assessed using accelerometer and force plate data. METHODS: A 24-kg impactor with an attached accelerometer was dropped onto the sample mat from various heights. The surface deformation of the mat was recorded using high-speed video, and force data were obtained from a force plate beneath the mat. RESULTS: The maximum vertical deformations were between 0.088 and 0.118 m, with corresponding volume deformation estimates ranging from 0.030 to 0.044 m3. The delay between accelerometer and force plate readings at initial contact was approximately 7 ms. The delay between peak acceleration and peak force was 3 ms. The peak acceleration calculated from the video data was within 2.5% of that recorded via the accelerometer. The effective mass of the mat being accelerated corresponded to forces that ranged from 481 to 930 N, up to 12% of the peak force. CONCLUSIONS: The acceleration estimates obtained from high-speed video were combined with the effective mass estimates from the volume calculation to give peak calculated forces at the bottom of the mat to within -1.1 to +3.7% of the force recorded via the force plate. The use of high-speed video can be used to give data of sufficient accuracy for measuring foot/mat contact forces in gymnastics landings.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2006

Role of gymnastics in the Army School of Physical Training.

INTRODUCTION: As a result of a single spinal injury seen at Frimley Park Hospital, we reviewed the injuries recorded at the Army School of Physical Training since December 1996. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of all acute accidents and injuries recorded in the Accident Book since its inception. RESULTS: Over 75% of the injuries that were serious enough to result in soldiers having their training terminated were as a direct result of gymnastic events such as vaulting, trampolining and somersaults. These events were also responsible for most of the small number of career-threatening injuries. CONCLUSIONS: This raises questions about the inclusion of gymnastic events in course training programmes, especially when considering its relevance to army training in general.

Gymnastics↗
PubMed1999

Participation motives of young Australian and Chinese gymnasts.

Reasons for participating in gymnastics were investigated with 280 Australian and 103 Chinese youth. The participants, aged 8 to 15 years, completed modified versions of the Participation Motivation Questionnaire. Treatment of the scores by principal components analysis yielded seven factors. Further analyses showed that the samples differed significantly on six of these factors. Comparisons of individual items indicated that the Australian gymnasts rated having fun and liking the rewards as more important than did the Chinese respondents. Chinese athletes allocated higher ratings to being part of a club, having a good body, liking to win, and wanting to be popular. Both groups assigned high values to reasons associated with improving skills, being fit, and getting exercise. It was suggested that the findings reflected cultural differences between Australian and Chinese societies as well as particular characteristics of the Chinese sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Visual search strategies in experienced and inexperienced gymnastic coaches.

The visual search strategies employed by gymnastic coaches with different levels of expertise were investigated. Expert (n=3) and novice coaches (n=3) watched 9 video sequences of 3 gymnastic techniques and were required to highlight errors in performance. Visual search patterns were monitored by an ASL-5000SE eye-tracking system during observation. Expert participants showed longer and fewer visual fixations than the novice group.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Relations between female students' personality traits and reported handicaps to rhythmic gymnastics performance.

The present study evaluated the relative contributions of Self-esteem, Trait anxiety, and Public Self-consciousness to self-handicapping on a sex-typed task, within a specific academic sport context. Prior to the competitive examination used to recruit French Physical Education Teachers, female sport students (N = 74) were asked to list and rate on a 7-point scale handicaps which could be disruptive to their Rhythmic Gymnastics performance. Self-esteem did not account for significant variance in any category of handicaps. Trait Anxiety was negatively related to handicaps related to Rhythmic Gymnastics and to Social and Work Commitments. Public Self-consciousness was significantly related to endorsement of Friends and Family Commitments handicaps. These results were discussed in relation to the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Low-load coordination dynamics in athletes, physiotherapists, gymnasts, musicians and patients with spinal cord injury, after stroke, traumatic brain lesion and with cerebral palsy.

Low-load coordination dynamics were measured in athletes, physiotherapists, gymnasts, musicians and patients after stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord lesion during exercise on a special coordination dynamic therapy device to quantify differences in central nervous system (CNS) organization between healthy subjects and patients with CNS injury. In healthy humans coordination dynamics (arrhythmicity of turning) varied between 5.2 and 6.0 for forward and between 6.9 and 10.7 1/s for backward turning. The frequency of turning varied between 1.24 (athletes) and 1.49 Hz (musicians) for forward and between 1.11 and 1.25 Hz for backward turning. Apart from the poor rhythmicity of backward turning among physiotherapists, gymnasts and musicians, inter-group differences were small in comparison to intra-group variation. In patients with spinal cord lesion the coordination dynamics value was 8.3 for forward and 11.0 for backward turning. The frequencies for forward and backward turning were 1.20 and 1.20 Hz respectively. The values for coordination dynamics and frequency of turning thus did only slightly differ from those measured for healthy subjects. The patients after stroke, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy had much higher coordination dynamic values (20.4, 22.9 and 30 1/s respectively) and lower forward (0.85, 0.93, and 0.52 Hz) and backward turning frequencies (0.98, 1.06, 0.42 Hz), suggesting strongly pathologic CNS organization. Low-load coordination dynamics (20N) are thus useful to measure progress in CNS organization due to therapy in patients with CNS injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The links between technology and specialist practice in rehabilitation: the model of gymnastic technology in 19th century Spain].

Gymnastic technology had a decisive role in the configuration of a particular medical specialty, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Its study is critical to understand the strong division of work roles that existed in this field, with a medical specialty and several professions linked to physiotherapy and rehabilitation. This process was developed in two well-defined phases: the assimilation of the knowledge and technological advances of gymnasts at the beginning of the 19th century, and the appropriation of the use of these appliances by doctors. Both factors favoured the emergence of the new professions.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2004

Surface electromyography of nine shoulder muscles in two iron cross conditions in gymnastics.

AIM: The rules of gymnastics impose an element of static strength such as an iron cross (IC) on the rings. For IC training, coaches use a custom made device -- the herdos -- to simulate the conditions of competition. The purpose was to compare muscle activity and coordination during IC performed both on the rings and using herdos. Secondly, we tried to determine whether herdos usage induced functional adaptations of the shoulder muscles. METHODS: Six male gymnasts performed 10 IC in each condition. Surface electromyogram of muscles pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, infraspinatus, rhomboideus, trapezius, serratus anterior, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii in the right shoulder were analysed using root-mean-square (RMS), and muscle part's in each condition. Muscle part represents the contribution of each of the 9 shoulder muscles studied in each condition. Total muscle activity (SUM) was also used to compare the 2 conditions. RESULTS: Except for the muscle teres major, the RMS decreases (p<0.05) when using the herdos. The SUM also decreases (p<0.05) when using this device. The muscle parts indicate that the contribution of the muscle latissimus dorsi decreases (p<0.05) when using the herdos. These results suggest that the herdos modified shoulder coordination. But their usage does not seem to induce any functional adaptations of these muscles. CONCLUSIONS: The herdos do not seem to provide a valid method to reproduce the same shoulder coordination as on the rings. Therefore IC training with this special device could be called in question.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Occurrence of athletic injuries among female elite athletic gymnasts].

A questionnaire investigation was undertaken among 18 female Nordic athletic gymnasts in the teams from their respective countries. The median occurrence of injury was three injuries per 1,000 hours (variation 0-7) with uniform distribution between acute and overexertion injuries. The percentage regional localization were: Upper limbs 24%, lower limbs 65% and trunk 11%. In the age group 18-21 years, the frequency of injury was 46% higher than that in the 14-17 year age group and gymnasts with the greatest duration of training had relatively low incidence of injuries (2.7 as compared with 5.2 injuries per 1,000 hours). Treatment consisted of visits to the general practitioner, casualty department and sport specialist or other specialist comprized 16%, 13% and 16% of all the therapeutic contacts. 5% of the injuries involved hospitalization and 50% were not treated by doctors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Radial growth plate injury in a female gymnast.

Radial growth plate injury is a cause of wrist pain in female gymnasts. The mechanism of injury and its relationship to dowel grips, now standard gymnastic equipment, are considered. An athlete's response to a treatment approach emphasizing moderation and protection is described.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

[Morphofunctional profile of Puerto Rican gymnasts].

This study described the body composition, somatotype, physiological maturity, flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance of 30 gymnasts (feminine; n = 12 and masculine; n = 18) pre selected for the puertorican national team and compared the results with those reported in the literature. There were significant differences between the sexes in body fat, lean body mass, ISA, CMB, AMB, endomorphy, mesomorphy, sum of skinfolds, flexibility and VO2max (L.min-1), (p less than .05). The results are within the range reported in the literature for elite gymnasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Injuries in women's gymnastics. The state of the art.

This article takes a three-stage approach to the topic of injuries in women's gymnastics. In the first stage, we review the literature and summarize our current knowledge of injury rates, injuries in specific events, and anatomical location of injuries. In the second, we critically evaluate the relative contributions of these studies in terms of their generalizability, methods, and conceptual approaches. Finally, we present possible directions for future research in the area of women's gymnastic injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Back injuries in gymnastics.

The complaint of low back pain in the adolescent must never be taken lightly. A high index of suspicion should be particularly entertained in a child participating in gymnastic training or competition. As noted in this article, steps can now be taken, particularly if a specific diagnosis is made early, to institute specific treatment with a high likelihood of success. Young gymnasts complaining of back pain must never be passed off as having sustained a back strain or "muscle spasms" and treated symptomatically. Persistent back pain beyond two weeks warrants, in our opinion, a complete evaluation, careful history and physical examination, a four-view radiographic assessment of the spine, and, if necessary, bone scans or other more advanced techniques to make a specific diagnosis of the cause of the pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional and medical aspects of gymnastics.

Though gymnastics is not considered to be an endurance sport, female gymnasts appear to be prone to a variety of medical complications, among them nutritional deficiencies and menstrual dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A study of the distribution pattern of fat in male gymnasts.

Girth and skinfold measurements were taken on male gymnasts of international standing. The results were compared with other groups, the data for which were taken from the literature. The ratio of central to appendicular girth was studied to find the differences in the fat proportions on extremities and trunk region. This ratio was found to be similar in power lifters and Olympic lifters. The skinfold rankings show the gymnasts to be the leanest of all the groups.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

A model for gymnastics vaulting.

A mathematical model describing the motion of a gymnast represented by a planar three-segment link system is developed for the airborne and horse-support phases of vaulting. Four handspring vaults performed by advanced-level female gymnasts were analyzed and the results were used to verify the model. In order to describe observed performance, it was found necessary to consider the period of support on the vaulting horse as being comprised of two distinct phases: a compression phase and a repulsion phase. Solutions of the model are presented graphically enabling the relationships of important variables to be readily observed, and predictions to be made. Good agreement between observed performance and the model was obtained in all cases. The take-off velocity and initial distance from the horse were found to be the principal variables affecting the outcome of the vault. The model indicated that in the case of a good vault, a decrease of 7% in the take-off horizontal speed would cause a reduction of 13% in after-flight distance, and a similar decrease in the vertical speed would produce a 25% reduction in after-flight distance. Also, the force exerted by the performer during the repulsion phase has only a minimal effect on the after-flight characteristics of the vault. The take-off velocity requirements for an excellent vault were investigated for varying take-off distances from the horse. As the distance was decreased, the necessary velocity was decreased, but the angular velocity of the body required during the pre-flight phase was found to increase very rapidly.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗