Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibreoptic endoscopy: does it have a role in the investigation of upper gastrointestinal disease in Papua New Guinea?

The first 150 fibreoptic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract performed in the North Solomons are reported. Sixty-one percent of examinations revealed a significant abnormality; this is a more efficient diagnostic yield than can be achieved with contrast radiology. This series confirms that fibreoptic endoscopy is the most efficient method of diagnosing upper gastrointestinal disease available in Papua New Guinea, and its more widespread use is advocated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1955

Electrolyte balance in gastrointestinal disease.

Even small losses of gastrointestinal secretions when combined with reduced intake of electrolytes may seriously disturb electrolyte balance. Knowledge of the ionic composition of secretions lost is essential in planning therapy. Loss of gastric contents usually results in excessive loss of chloride; in achlorhydria this is not the case. Loss of sodium and potassium may be large in either case and is often underestimated. Small bowel obstruction results in a more balanced loss of electrolyte which may not affect acidbase balance greatly. In diarrhea loss of base predominates, and may result in a large potassium deficit. Steatorrhea due to nontropical sprue results in large fecal losses of sodium, potassium and chloride, in addition to the large calcium and phosphorus loss. In chronic peptic ulcer excessive ingestion of milk and absorbable alkalies may result in hypercalcemia, azotemia and alkalosis, without hypercalciuria. Since renal function is usually adequate in the milder gastrointestinal disturbances, electrolyte and fluid replacement should be started early, and can be guided by generally available laboratory tests, the carbon dioxide combining power and serum chloride levels, provided the predominate ionic loss is known and potassium deficiency remedied. If this is done, development of serious fluid and electrolyte deficits can usually be prevented.

Alkalosis↗
PubMed2000

Differentiation of gastrointestinal diseases of calves.

With a complete history, careful physical examination, and targeted diagnostics, the practitioner can differentiate the causes of gastrointestinal diseases in calves. The authors hope that this article helps the practitioner in this regard. Armed with a diagnosis, he or she can then proceed with proper treatment and prevention, which is the ultimate goal.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Human gene therapy in gastrointestinal diseases: in vivo and in vitro approaches.

The first clinical trial in human gene therapy began in 1989 with the successful introduction of marker genes into peripheral blood cells as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in order to investigate the biological behavior of manipulated cells in humans. In further studies, it was possible to ameliorate clinical genetic diseases based on only one single genetic defect such as adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) by repeated infusion of manipulated peripheral blood cells. Meanwhile, a multitude of clinical gene transfer studies were initiated. Three main strategies have thus far been applied in human cancer gene therapy: (1) Reinforcement of the body's immune response by gene transfer into immunological cells; (2) reinforcement of the immune response by manipulating tumor cells; and (3) transfer of drug-sensitive genes into tumor cells with subsequent drug treatment. The first clinical trial in gene therapy for gastrointestinal diseases was performed in 1992 with the introduction of the low-density protein receptor gene (LDL) into liver tissue. Human cancer gene therapy of gastrointestinal diseases is still only in the initial phase of research.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1979

[Management of gastrointestinal diseases using a motility-regulating preparation. Results of a field study using bromopride (Viaben) conducted by 530 general practitioners on 4182 patients].

Abnormalities of oesophago-gastro-intestinal motoricity play an important etiologic role in various affections of stomach, intestine, oesophagus and associated complaints. The new monosubstance bromopride produces a selective action restoring the basal motility of stomach, pylorus, duodenum and of the lower oesophageal sphincter to normal. The effect and tolerance of Viaben (bromopride) were examined in an open field study on 4182 subjects. The drug was given in average doses of one capsule three times a day. The results were assessed as very good in 37.9% of cases, and as good in 47.9%. No change was seen in 12.2%, while only 2.0% were aggravated. 64.7% of all patients benefited within the first fortnight. Nausea, vomiting and intolerance to drugs even disappeared in the first days of treatment. Individuals exhibiting a nervous, irritative stomach also had a rapid response to the drug. Pain, which is a fairly common complaint, passed off quickly. Side effects were seen in 6.8% of cases. However, the question whether they were due to the treatment, is not easily answered in an open study. The most common side effect was tiredness (3.7%), which was reported to be mild in some cases. The dyskinesia observed in subjects treated with other ortho-substituted benzamides was only seen in 0.4% of all patients.

Benzamides↗
PubMed2005

The Incidence of self-prescribed oral complementary and alternative medicine use by patients with gastrointestinal diseases.

GOALS: To assess the incidence of oral complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) usage by gastroenterology patients at a single university center and compare against controls. BACKGROUND: The public awareness and usage of CAM have increased. The use of CAM has been described in patients with functional bowel disorders; however, their role in patients with gastrointestinal disease is less clear. STUDY: Patients attending luminal gastroenterology clinics and customers at local supermarkets completed a 30-point, structured questionnaire assessing their use of CAM. RESULTS: A total of 1,409 subjects were recruited. The incidence of CAM use was 49.5% for inflammatory bowel disease, 50.9% for irritable bowel syndrome, 20% for general gastrointestinal diseases, and 27% for controls. Pearson's chi(2) tests showed that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome were more likely to use CAM than controls (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that females were more likely to take CAM than men (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of CAM users among patients with IBD is similar to those with a functional diagnosis. Increasing numbers of IBD patients are using CAM in addition to conventional therapy. Awareness of this may prevent adverse CAM and conventional drug interactions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Assessment by a two-site enzyme immunoassay of human epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) in the urine of patients with various gastrointestinal diseases including malignant tumors.

By using our two-site enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system, the levels of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in the urine of patients with various gastrointestinal diseases including malignant tumors were measured. Urinary excretion of hEGF in patients having undergone gastric resection, expressed as a function of creatinine, was found to be somewhat decreased. While the levels of hEGF in patients with gastric cancer were significantly increased. Then, the molecular features of hEGF in the urine of patients with gastric cancer were examined by gel filtration. The elution profile demonstrated that high molecular weight components, which immunologically cross-reacted with hEGF, were considerably increased. On the other hand, the level of normal EGF with a molecular weight of 6500 was decreased to some extent. These results suggest that processing of the EGF precursor into an active EGF molecule is partially suppressed in patients with gastric cancer.

Epidermal Growth Factor↗
PubMed1983

[Endogenous steatorrhea during total parenteral nutrition. Study of 22 patients with gastrointestinal diseases].

Endogenous steatorrhea has only been evaluated in patients with non-pathological digestive tract. We decided, therefore, to study this parameter in 22 consecutive patients submitted to total parenteral nutrition for severe gastrointestinal diseases. The determination of steatorrhea, creatorrhea, and fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin was performed by three days stool collections. After 10 days of parenteral nutrition, 13 of the 22 patients still had measurable stool losses and 106 fecal collections were done. In these 13 patients, fecal weight was 610 +/- 130 g.d-1, (mean +/- SEM), steatorrhea was: 3.1 +/- 0.4 g.d-1, creatorrhea was: 1.7 +/- 0.6 g.d-1, alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance was: 58 +/- 13 ml.d-1 (N less than 10 ml.d-1). The mean endogenous steatorrhea was therefore 5 fold larger than normal and creatorrhea 1.8 fold larger than normal. This discrepancy could be due to metabolism of nutrients by colonic bacterial flora. The comparison of patients with and without increased endogenous losses showed significant differences in the mean number of intestinal lesions (1.4 +/- 0.3 versus 0.5 +/- 0.2) and in the presence or absence of ileal involvement (p less than 0.05). A positive correlation was found between steatorrhea and stool weight but not between steatorrhea and creatorrhea or fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin. This first study of pathological endogenous steatorrhea does not suggest a relationship of this parameter with protein losing enteropathy. The main contribution to increased endogenous losses may be related to increased epithelial cell renewal of the intestine associated with malabsorption. The role of bacterial overgrowth in the gut cannot be ruled out by the present data.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Sudden death in children with gastrointestinal diseases. 24 forensic cases].

During the period 1963-1986, 24 fatal cases of gastrointestinal disease in children aged 0-14 years were referred to the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark, for autopsy. We have retrospectively, reviewed the cases and asked the medical officers of health, whether complaints against doctors or hospitals for negligence had been raised. The material consists of 19 boys and 5 girls with 9 different gastrointestinal diagnoses, predominantly small intestinal obstructive diseases such as intussuception, volvolus and adhesions. Five children with gastroenteritis were included who were treated and died at home. Reported prodromal symptoms were present in 23 of 24 cases. Nineteen had contacted a doctor in the week preceding death. The number of consultations ranged from 1 to 3 and involved general practitioners predominantly. Among 14 of 19 cases where death occurred at home, a doctor had been called prior to the death of the child. In 12 cases the clinical diagnoses were different from the autopsy results. The most frequent wrong clinical diagnosis was gastroenteritis. After the autopsies, five cases were reported to the National Board of Health for further consideration. In four cases the National Board of Health stated that negligence had existed. From our investigations and research from elsewhere it appeared that the National Board of Health defines negligence as considerable error of judgement, or where examination or history raking, had been insufficient. The main purpose is to prevent these gastrointestinal deaths. Attention has been drawn, in particular, to the small intestinal obstructive diseases and dehydration following gastroenteritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Isolation of parahemolytic vibrions from persons with acute gastrointestinal diseases].

Galophilic vibrios were for the first time in the Soviet Union isolated from the patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Novorossiisk during the summer-autumn period of 1973. The greatest number of strains of the parahemolytic vibrios was isolated in August and September, during intensive fishing season, from the patients in whom the disease usually developed 6 to 12 hours after eating the sea fish. The parahemolytic vibrios isolated from the patients were typical by all signs and produced a marked hemolysis on the Wagatsuma medium. The halophilic vibrios are inhabitants of the Black Sea. During the years of 1972-1973 there were isolated 109 strains of V. paraheamolyticus and 133 strains of V. alginolyticus from the sea water and various hydrobionts.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Chemistry in the clouds: the role of aerosols in atmospheric chemistry.

Ever since the discovery of the ozone hole over the Antarctic and the recognition of the damaging effects of acid rain, the role of atmospheric aerosol particles in determining the chemical balance of the atmosphere has received much attention. Aerosol particles produced in combustion can also have a deleterious effect on human health. In this article we review the chemistry that can occur on aerosol particles, particularly on aqueous based aerosols in the troposphere. The sources, transformation and loss mechanisms of atmospheric aerosol will be discussed. In particular, we will focus on the role of chemical transformation on aerosol particles in promoting reactions that would otherwise be too slow in the homogeneous atmospheric gas phase. Heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of some key chemical reactions will be described. Recent observations of a high organic content of tropospheric aerosol particles will be described and a model of organic coated aerosols will be reviewed.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1998

Upper gastrointestinal disease in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal disease has become an important aspect in the management of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out using Medline. Epidemiology, pathology and treatment options are considered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that over 90 per cent of patients with FAP develop duodenal adenomas, only 5 per cent go on to develop cancer. In the absence of methods to detect who is at risk of cancer, all patients undergo regular endoscopic surveillance at present. Chemoprevention in the form of drug therapy may be the answer to controlling the disease.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast milk and the prevention of neonatal and preterm gastrointestinal disease states: a new perspective.

In this review of the protective properties of human breast milk, a new perspective is taken to underscore the passive and active protection properties of breast milk in providing specific protection against selective gastrointestinal disease affecting the neonate and preterm infant. The normal protective properties of the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier (immunologic and nonimmunologic) are considered as is the development of barriers to antigen absorption in the immature infant human intestine as a background for considering three accelerated gastrointestinal diseases-necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal allergy, and bacterial gastroenteritis. In each of these conditions, the developmental protective defect is considered and the role of breast milk plays in filling the protective void discussed. Besides considering passive protection of breast milk including the new roles assigned to nutrients such as lactoferrin and nucleotides, and importance of active substances in breast milk such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones are discussed in the context of actively stimulating the infant's own intestinal defenses to function as a protective barrier. Future studies at the cellular and molecular level should be helpful in designing both preventative and treatment strategies to deal with these diseases.

Female↗