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PubMed1989

[Levels of fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine for monitoring of glucose control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

The predictive values of fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine for monitoring long-term diabetic control were investigated in 98 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. The HbAlc percentage was taken as standard in this study. Despite a significant correlation, the predictive values of the parameters studied for an acceptable HbAlc-value appeared to be low (37% and 44% respectively), possibly due to differences in periods of time in which these parameters can change during variable metabolic control. In addition, the serum fructosamine value may vary due to variations in serum albumin and lipid content. It is concluded that the fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine values cannot replace HbAlc measurement for monitoring diabetic control, but are supplementary for assessment of this control over short- and long-term periods of time.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Serum fructosamine and oral contraception].

In 21 normal women on the combined oral contraceptive pill we examined the level of serum fructosamine before, and 3-5 months after starting the pill. The mean serum fructosamine concentration did not change significantly after administration of the pill (2.17 mmol/l before and 2.22 after). It increased in 14 (66.6%) and decreased in 7. Thus the screening of fructosamine levels is not a useful method of detecting glucose intolerance, a known side-effect of the combined oral contraceptive pill.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between fetal growth and maternal fructosamine in diabetic pregnancy.

We studied 30 diabetic pregnant women to compare serum fructosamine concentrations at different stages of gestation with fetal growth (as determined by ultrasonography) and with birth weight. Serum fructosamine levels in mothers of macrosomic infants were significantly higher (P less than .05) during the first trimester of pregnancy as compared with mothers of normal birth weight infants. Moreover, first-trimester fructosamine concentrations correlated significantly with birth weight (r = 0.68, P less than .001) and with ultrasound measurements of fetal abdominal circumference and femur length. The fetus destined to be macrosomic had an enlarged abdomen in the second trimester, often before 20 weeks' gestation. We conclude that maternal diabetic control during early gestation has an important influence on fetal growth and contributes to the development of fetal macrosomia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fructosamine in a diabetic clinic.

Serum fructosamine concentrations were measured in 660 adults attending the diabetic clinic at Auckland Hospital over a 12 month period. Only 44 (6.6%) patients had results within the physiological range whereas 237 (35.9%) patients had values greater than 3.7 mmol/l consistent with poor blood glucose control. Moreover, patients with elevated frustosamine values had a much higher frequency of retinopathy than the normal fructosamine group. When frustosamine values were compared with physician's assessment of control and with random glucose results, we found weak correlations suggesting that poor control in many patients was not previously recognised. We conclude that fructosamine measurement in a diabetic clinic provides important clinical information complementing traditional assessments of metabolic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Homeostasis of blood glucose and abuse of exogenous opiates: evaluation of fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin].

The study was designed to assess glycaemic homeostasis in different situations of chronic stimulation of the opiate receptors by exogenous opiates. After an OGTT, levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum fructosamine were measured in 3 groups of male drug addicts of comparable age. Group A consisted of 10 subjects undergoing substitution treatment with oral methadone. Group B consisted of 10 subjects addicted to intravenous injection of the syrup based methadone intended for oral administration. Group C consisted of 10 heroin addicts. Ten healthy subjects of the same age and sex were used as controls. Analysis of the results showed normal glucose tolerance in all groups with tendentially higher basal glycaemia levels in group B. HbA1c levels were significantly higher, though within normal limits, in group B than in either those receiving oral methadone (p less than 0.01) or the heroin addicts (p less than 0.01). The group B subjects also showed the highest fructosamine levels that were both well above normal limits and higher than those in the other groups in whom fructosamine levels were normal. The data therefore confirm normal glycaemia compensation in those taking oral methadone and in heroin addicts during the period considered. A new type of drug addiction involving the intravenous injection of methadone was also encountered. This produces an outstanding short-term change in glycaemic homeostasis and may well lead to future alterations in glucose tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Quality assessment of determinations of serum fructosamine in 33 clinical chemistry laboratories.

We investigated the analytical performance of fructosamine measurement in 33 routine clinical chemistry laboratories. We prepared 12 human control sera spanning a range of nondiabetic and diabetic fructosamine concentrations and assigned target values by using commercial reagents and a Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer. Each control serum was analyzed by participating laboratories on two separate occasions. Averaged results were compared with target values, and systematic error was determined from slope and intercept regression coefficients. Overall, we found no significant (p greater than 0.05) slope or intercept bias, although slight nonlinearity was found with bichromatic instruments. Random error was determined from the standard error of estimate and from duplicate measurements. We found a median interlaboratory CV of 5.36% and similar analytical performance with all automated instruments used. The median random error with manual techniques was 18.1%. We conclude that fructosamine measurement as currently performed in routine laboratories is sufficiently accurate and reliable to function as an index of blood glucose control in diabetic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

[Correlation between the assay of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine in diabetic patients submitted to a systematic control visit. Establishment of reference values].

The plasmatic glycosyl proteins levels were measured in fifty non diabetic volunteers and thirty five patients with diabetes mellitus by the fructosamine test. The upper limit for healthy volunteers was estimated to 25 mumoles/g protein. A higher fructosamine concentration and greater spread of values were observed in the diabetic group. A very good correlation was noted in the diabetic group between A1C hemoglobin and fructosamine concentrations. This test is very reproducible, inexpensive and should be a good alternative to the A1C hemoglobin determination in some physiologic or pathologic disorders.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1993

Beta-N-terminal glycohemoglobins in subjects with common hemoglobinopathies: relation with fructosamine and mean erythrocyte age.

Amounts of beta-N-terminal glycohemoglobins (HbX1c), serum fructosamine, and erythrocyte polyamines were determined in nondiabetic adults with HbAA, HbAC, HbAS, HbCC, HbSC, HbSS, and HbS/hereditary persistent HbF (HPFH). The groups did not differ in fructosamine concentrations. Mean (95% confidence limits) HbX1c percentages were: 4.4 (4.1-4.8) for HbA1c in HbAA, 4.3 (3.9-4.8) for HbA1c in HbAC, 4.1 (3.6-4.6) for HbC1c in HbAC, 4.4 (4.0-4.7) for HbA1c in HbAS, 2.6 (range: 2.3-3.8) for HbC1c in HbCC, 2.0 (1.5-2.4) for HbS1c in HbSC, 0.9 (0.6-1.3) for HbS1c in HbSS, and 1.3 (range: 0.8-2.4) for HbS1c in HbS/HPFH. There was a nonlinear inverse relation between HbX1c and erythrocyte polyamines, indicating that HbX1c percentage decreases with decreasing mean erythrocyte age. We conclude that amounts of HbX1c in subjects with heterozygous hemoglobinopathies should be expressed as a percentage of HbX0 + HbX1c, not total hemoglobin. Interpretation of HbX1c in subjects with a decreased erythrocyte half-life is difficult; measurement of fructosamine seems a suitable alternative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Fructosamine in HbS and G6PD-deficient Saudi Arabs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Plasma fructosamine, total proteins and albumin were estimated in a group of 77 sickle cell anaemia and 32 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient Saudi Arabs and the results compared with those obtained in a group of 30 normal controls. The mean values of fructosamine in the sickle cell anaemia and G6PD-deficient patients were not statistically different from those of the controls. The mean values of the total proteins and albumin were also not significantly different from those of the normal group. It is concluded that fructosamine level is not affected by sickle cell anaemia and G6PD deficiency, and provides a useful tool for monitoring diabetic patients in regions with high prevalence of haemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Level of fructosamine as a measure of past glycemia and an indicator of diabetes control].

Fifty-four diabetics were studied carrying out during about two weeks determinations of 24-hour semiprofiles of glycaemia, and at the same time fructosamine concentration was determined. On the basis of glycaemia measurements the mean 24-hour glycaemia and the Mw index of Schlichtrull were calculated. Correlation was calculated between fructosamine concentration and the 24-hour past mean glycaemia, maximal 24-hour glycaemia and the index of diabetes control. The formula was developed for calculation of the past mean 24-hour glycaemia from fructosamine concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of changes in concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin and fructosamine during the first three weeks of treatment of children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes].

Blood serum fructosamine and blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) concentrations were determined in 47 children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes during their first stay in the hospital. Three determinations at week's intervals were carried out in each patient. The mean values of concentration decrement after the first, second and third week of treatment were 0.47, 0.37 and 0.26 mmol/l, respectively, (median values 0.56, 0.33 and 0.17 mmol/l) for fructosamine concentration, and 1.8, 2.9 and 1.0% (median 1.5, 2.3 and 0.8%) for HbA1. No correlation was found between the weekly decrement values in fructosamine and HbA1 concentrations when all the values were taken into consideration, and only a slight positive correlation when the decrement after two weeks of treatment was considered (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). Very high rate of decrease in the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin was noted in some children, reaching the values from 4 to even 8.6% per week.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The estimation of fructosamine and HbAlc in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus.

Fructosamine, HbAlc, glucose, albumins and total proteins were estimated in 40 healthy pregnant women and 80 pregnant women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Fructosamine was estimated by the NBT method with "Fructosamine test" commercially available kit on Technicom automatic analyser RA-1000. Glucose was determined on Beckman glucose analyser. HbAlc was assayed by the Bio-Rad test, while albumin and total proteins by Beckman tests. For all estimated parameters no significant differences were found between healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1995

[Use of fructosamine serum level measurements for diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetic in pregnancy].

In this study it has been tested the usefulness of serum glycosyl protein (fructosamine) to diagnose diabetic pregnant women requiring insulin therapy. The analysis was performed on the base of obtained results of glucose tolerance test, glycemia level in diurnal profile, fructosamine level and its relationship to albumin level and total protein amount in serum pregnant women with carbohydrates intolerance. Calculated specificity and sensitivity of above mentioned measurements was too low. We can not concluded that it is necessary to include insulin-therapy in diabetic pregnancy on the base of fructosamine serum level even corrected by protein or albumin serum level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Vitreous humor fructosamine concentrations in the autopsy diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

In clinical practice, biochemical markers, particularly serum glucose levels are used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. However, at autopsy this marker is of no value due to the substantial and capricious fluctuations in glucose levels after death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the postmortem determination of fructosamine in vitreous humor for confirming the presence of antemortem hyperglycemia. This was a study of 92 cadavers with a mean age of 60.05 years (SD 17.73) and a mean postmortem interval of 17.02 h (SD 9.76, range 2-58 h). Cases were assigned to two diagnostic groups according to the antemortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus based on the patients' medical records. In vitreous humor statistically significant differences were found in glucose and fructosamine concentrations between the two diagnostic groups, the highest values being obtained in the group of subjects with a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Fructosamine: a new approach to the estimation of serum glycosylprotein. An index of diabetic control.

The development of a novel manual method designed to measure serum glycosylprotein as an index of diabetic control is described. The method relies on the ability of ketoamines (fructosamines) to act as reducing agents in alkaline solution. Conditions are described for a simple colorimetric procedure which permits assay of both a synthetic fructosamine and purified albumin while severely limiting the contribution of interfering substances. Applied to whole sera, the measurement is linear with volume of serum assayed. It allows clear discrimination of normal and diabetic populations (p less than 0.001), and is significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose concentration (r = 0.72) and with a thiobarbituric acid procedure for measuring glycosylprotein-derived hydroxymethylfurfural (r = 0.58). The method is rapid (at least 12 samples per hour) and demands only simple equipment.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2004

Gln27Glu polymorphism of the beta2 adrenergic receptor gene in healthy Japanese men is associated with the change of fructosamine level caused by exercise.

Adrenaline plays a major role in the maintenance of blood glucose level by promoting glycogenolysis during prolonged exercise predominantly via the beta2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR). Because beta2ARs are mainly present in the muscle and liver, beta2AR gene polymorphism may affect changes in glucose metabolism caused by exercise. We, therefore, investigated the effect of beta2AR gene polymorphism on glucose metabolism in healthy Japanese men. The study group consisted of 124 unrelated healthy Japanese men who were aged 21-69 years (mean +/- S.D.: 45.3+/-11.7). They participated in an exercise program which was defined as low-moderate intensity at 20-60min per day, 2-3 days per week for 3 months. The genotype of Gln27Gln was detected in 109 subjects (87.9%), of Gln27Glu in 15 subjects (12.1%) and of Glu27Glu in none, and that of Arg16Arg, Arg16Gly and Gly16Gly in 32 (25.8%), 79 (63.7%) and 13 subjects (10.5%), respectively. There was no association between these polymorphisms and the metabolic characteristics at baseline. The change in fructosamine level as a result of exercise showed that the carrier of the Glu allele had a better response to exercise than the non-carrier. In conclusion, Gln27Glu polymorphism was associated with the change in fructosamine level resulting from exercise, but not Arg16Gly polymorphism.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Glycated hemoglobin of fractionated erythrocytes, glycated albumin, and plasma fructosamine during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate glucose metabolism during pregnancy, we measured plasma fructosamine, glycated albumin, and the stable glycated hemoglobin of the light and dense erythrocytes. STUDY DESIGN: The abnormal glucose tolerance group comprised patients with gestational diabetes and those with one abnormal value on a 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test. Erythrocyte fractionation was performed by capillary centrifugation. RESULTS: In normal pregnancy glycated hemoglobin of the light erythrocytes was reduced in the second and third trimesters (3.42% +/- 0.62% [mean +/- SD] [n = 306] in the first trimester, 2.15% +/- 0.48% [n = 353] in the second, and 2.06% +/- 0.58% [n = 300] in the third), and dense erythrocytes were higher in the third trimester (first 4.59% +/- 0.46%, second 4.70% +/- 0.49%, third 5.29% +/- 0.73%). Glycated albumin and fructosamine followed a pattern similar to the light erythrocytes. The group with abnormal glucose tolerance had significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin of the light erythrocytes in the first and third trimesters and glycated hemoglobin of the dense erythrocytes and glycated albumin in all trimesters. CONCLUSION: The biphasic change in nonfractionated glycated hemoglobin is the sum of the lower glycated hemoglobin of the light erythrocytes and the higher glycated hemoglobin of the dense erythrocytes in late pregnancy. The stable glycated hemoglobin of fractionated erythrocytes and the glycated albumin accurately reflect maternal glucose metabolism during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Technical and clinical evaluation of fructosamine determination in serum.

We evaluated a serum fructosamine (glycated serum proteins) assay for efficacy in the diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic patients. A Roche reagent kit, based on nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in alkaline medium, was used in COBAS FARA centrifugal analyzer. We demonstrated that this method is precise, linear and unaffected by serum hemolysis. However, bilirubin affected the test positively and lipemia negatively. Fructosamine (F) correlated positively with total protein (P) (r = 0.809) and albumin (r = 0.746) in a group of 48 non-diabetic individuals. A good correlation was observed between F and glycated hemoglobin from the sera of 514 patients (r = 0.794). A better correlation (r = 0.838) was obtained when F was corrected for P concentration (F/P). Different F and F/P means were calculated only in patients with overt diabetes, compared to normals. Gestational diabetes was associated with a highly significant F increase. However, its low sensitivity (21%) precludes the use of F as an effective screening test for that condition. Nevertheless, because of its simplicity, low cost and rapidity in reflecting changes in the metabolic control of diabetes, F should be considered a valuable test to assess glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Adult↗