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PubMed1985

Clinical pharmacy services in Florida hospitals--1984.

To ascertain the progress made in the implementation of clinical services in Florida hospitals, a survey conducted in 1977 was readministered in 1984. Questionnaires were sent to the directors of pharmaceutical services of all 256 Florida hospitals. Nine questions on clinical services were identical to the 1977 survey and two additional questions were included on nutritional support services and pharmacokinetic dosing consultations. The directors were also asked if they had conducted studies to document the cost-effectiveness of their clinical pharmacy services. Questionnaires were returned by 75% of the directors. As in the 1977 survey, approximately half of the hospitals had less than 200 beds. Slightly more than 82% of the hospitals had total unit dose systems and about 7% had partial systems, which was considerably higher than the 58% with either total or partial systems found in the 1977 survey. Services such as patient monitoring, inservice education, and drug-use review were being offered substantially more than in 1977. Conducting patient medication histories, attending rounds with physicians, and providing discharge consultations were the least-performed clinical services. The reasons given for not implementing these services were similar in both surveys. However, while the lack of adequately trained pharmacists was frequently cited in 1977, very few respondents cited it as an obstacle in 1984. Several respondents indicated that they had documented cost savings attributable to their clinical pharmacy services. Clinical pharmacy programs are continuing to grow in Florida hospitals; however, pharmacy administrators appear to be having some of the same problems implementing these services as they did previously.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1995

Elevated blood lead prevalence in Florida two-year-olds.

The prevalence of blood lead values of 10 mcg/dl or higher was estimated in Florida two-year-olds in a population-based random sample survey. Subjects were chosen at random from birth certificates of children born in Florida in mid-1991. Parents were interviewed and children's blood specimens obtained in the summer of 1993. Results are based on 387 subjects. Overall prevalence of elevated blood lead was 3.2% (95% confidence limits 2.2, 4.0), with nine children in the range of 10 to 14 mcg/dl and four of 15 or over. In certain subgroups, prevalence was higher: nonwhite 9.4% (2.9, 15.9); mother not married 8.3% (3.1, 13.5); mother on Medicaid 6.7% (2.5, 10.8); housing built in 1978 or before 7.1% (2.3, 11.8); yard dirt or dirt plus grass 10.8% (4.6, 16.9). In Florida, prevalence is much lower than in the nation as a whole. A screening strategy that concentrates on screening Medicaid-eligible children and those living in homes built before 1978 would appear to be quite efficient and may uncover a prevalence of 7.0% or more.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

BRFSS-based survey of the Florida public on restaurant smoking.

A total of 2,246 Floridians were randomly surveyed by telephone concerning the Florida Clean Indoor Air Act and smoking in restaurants. Only 28.8% responded correctly that restaurant smoking is prohibited unless a manager's sign specifically permits it. More than 80% of smokers felt free to light up in the absence of such signs and over 45% of nonsmokers did not recognize this as an infringement of their rights. Although about three-quarters of Floridians are nonsmokers, only about half the state's restaurant seating capacity was intended for nonsmokers by managers. Based on their own experience, smoking Floridians were much more likely (67.1%) to be satisfied with their allocation of seating than were nonsmokers (45.9%). Uniquely among states, Florida's law preempts all local ordinances, past and future. The Clean Indoor Air Act is of little practical value because it is understood by so few. It allows no restrictions on smoking in 42% of Florida's restaurants, those with fewer than 51 seats.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

Progress in childhood cancer care in Florida. 1970-1992.

Pediatric cancer has been a priority in Florida since 1970. That year physicians established a statewide network of children's tumor programs, the Florida Association of Pediatric Tumor Programs (FAPTP), which has grown from the initial two programs to 10 in 1992 and now maintains a registry with follow-up to monitor incidence and other indicators. State-of-the-art care is provided through affiliation with the Pediatric Oncology Group. The incidence of pediatric cancer in Florida is equivalent to national rates, but the number of children followed in 1991 had grown to approximately 2,000. The number receiving care has increased an average of 13% annually since 1981. Services for these patients should be reviewed on a continuing basis to assure access to specialized programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stroke mortality and its socioeconomic, racial, and behavioral correlates in Florida.

Stroke mortality is associated both with being black and with having low socioeconomic status. However, it is uncertain to what extent that increased risk is related to rates of behavior-related risk factors, such as hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, or alcohol consumption. The investigators performed an ecologic analysis to estimate the contributions of behavioral risks, socioeconomic status, and black race to regional variations in stroke mortality rates among persons 55-84 years of age in Florida. They used data from the 1980 census and from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for 1986 through 1988. Weighted multiple linear regression models indicated that regions in Florida with high stroke mortality rates were characterized by high prevalences of poverty, obesity, and hypertension. Although limited by its ecologic design, this study suggests that socioeconomic status and prevalence of behavioral risks contribute independently to interregional disparities in stroke mortality rates in Florida. BRFSS data, now available for more than 45 States, can be used to help clarify the relative contributions of behavioral and other risks to population-based mortality rates.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

Emergency mosquito control associated with Hurricane Andrew--Florida and Louisiana, 1992.

Hurricane Andrew crossed south Florida on August 24, 1992 entered the Gulf of Mexico, and struck the Louisiana coast on August 26. In Florida, an estimated 25,000 housing units were destroyed and 37,000 severely damaged in a 200,000-acre area in the southern portion of Dade County; in Louisiana, an estimated 25,000 housing units were destroyed or severely damaged by the storm, primarily in the coastal sections of the 36-parish disaster area. Initial assessment of the disaster areas indicated a need for vector surveillance and control (1). This report summarizes actions to assess and alleviate mosquito-related problems in Florida and Louisiana.

Disasters↗
PubMed1995

Advance directives. Population prevalence and demand in Florida.

The level of knowledge is examined about the prevalence of and potential demand for advance directives--living wills and health-care surrogates--by adult residents of the state of Florida. Questions about advance directives were included in random digit dialing telephone surveys of 1,000 Florida residents 18 years of age and older in November 1994 and April 1995. Surveys were completed by 52% of the November sample and 56% of the April sample. Among those responding 88% had heard of living wills and 25% of health-care surrogates; 25% had completed a living will and 8% had designated a health-care surrogate. Of those with no advance directives 73% said they would complete them if the forms were made readily available in convenient locations. Although a relatively high proportion of Florida residents have advance directives, there are independent age and socioeconomic effects in the likelihood of their completion. Advance directives are desired by many more people, but the current methods of educating and availing persons of the appropriate forms are not adequate to meet the demand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Accessibility to minors of cigarettes from vending machines--Broward County, Florida, 1996.

The sale of tobacco products to persons ages < 18 years has been prohibited by law in Florida since October 1992, and since May 1994, a statewide law in Florida has required retailers or owners of businesses that sell cigarettes or other tobacco products to post a conspicuous sign stating that tobacco sales to minors are illegal and that proof of age is required to purchase tobacco products. To assess the impact of these laws in Broward County (1990 population: 1,255,531) during February-March 1996, the Florida Atlantic University Department of Exercise Science/Wellness Education conducted studies of vendor compliance with laws enacted to prevent minors from gaining access to cigarettes through vending machines and to ensure that tobacco vendors comply with the sign statute. This report summarizes the findings of the assessment of access to cigarettes from vending machines, which indicated that approximately one third of such attempts by minors were successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Accessibility to minors of smokeless tobacco products--Broward County, Florida, March-June 1996.

Health consequences associated with use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) (i.e., snuff or loose-leaf or fine-cut chewing tobacco) products include halitosis, leukoplakia, and oral cancer. Periodontal degeneration and soft tissue lesions are early indicators of these conditions and diseases among persons who use SLT. Since October 1992, the sale of tobacco products to minors (i.e., persons aged < 18 years) has been prohibited by law in Florida, and since May 1994, Florida law has required businesses to post warning signs stating that tobacco sales to minors are illegal and that proof of age is required to purchase tobacco products such as SLT. To assess the impact of these laws on over-the-counter access to SLT by minors in Broward County (1990 population: 1,244,531), during March-June 1996 faculty from Florida Atlantic University's Department of Exercise Science/Wellness Education conducted a study to measure vendor compliance with tobacco minimum-age sale laws and with the sign statute. This report summarizes the findings of the assessments, which indicated that nearly one third of attempts by minors to purchase SLT products were successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Florida's undeclared epidemic: malignant melanoma.

Contrary to the trend of early diagnosis observed in other parts of the world, in Florida melanoma is still being discovered in the more advanced stages. This is characterized by thicker lesions at diagnosis, which are hallmarked by bleeding, itching, ulceration, and increased vertical growth. In a study of 1,626 cutaneous melanoma patients at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida, three prognostic factors, tumor thickness, Clark level, and presence of ulceration in the primary tumor, have remained relatively constant over an eight-year period (1987-1994). Despite the lack of change in tumor thickness in the last four years, mortality rate is decreasing, possibly due to more effective treatments. Regardless of these apparent improvements in mortality rates, definite progress must be made in the early detection of malignant melanoma through the initiation of statewide programs of lay public and professional education. In addition, it is proposed that the establishment of statewide screening programs of the Caucasian population with skin phenotypes 1 and 2 will also facilitate the early diagnosis of melanoma in the future, improve the outlook for these patients, and begin to address a major public health problem in the state of Florida.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effectiveness of a seventh grade school entry vaccination requirement--statewide and Orange County, Florida, 1997-1998.

Vaccine-preventable diseases continue to occur among adolescents (i.e., persons aged 11-21 years). In 1996, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Medical Association published joint recommendations emphasizing appropriate vaccination of adolescents aged 11-12 years who have not been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, a second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR), varicella vaccine (if indicated), a booster dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td), and other vaccines that may be indicated for certain adolescents. School entry requirements are an effective mechanism for ensuring high vaccination coverage among children. At the start of the 1997-98 school year, an amendment to the Florida Administrative Code (64D-3.011, F.A.C.) was instituted that requires all persons entering seventh grade to be vaccinated with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, a second dose of MMR, and a Td booster, or to be on schedule for vaccination (i.e., having received at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, one dose of MMR, and a Td booster). To determine vaccination coverage among students entering seventh grade in Florida and in Orange County in 1997, CDC, in collaboration with the Florida Department of Health, analyzed state vaccination coverage data. This report summarizes the results of the analysis and indicates that a vaccination requirement for middle school entry can be effective in ensuring vaccination of adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

The metabolic organization of a primitive air-breathing fish, the Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus).

The metabolic organization of the air-breathing Florida gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus, was assessed by measuring the maximal activities of key enzymes in several metabolic pathways in selected tissues, concentrations of plasma metabolites including nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), free amino acids (FAA) and glucose as well as tissue FAA levels. In general, L. platyrhincus has an enhanced capacity for carbohydrate metabolism as indicated by elevated plasma glucose levels and high activities of gluconeogenic and glycolytic enzymes. Based upon these properties, glucose appears to function as the major fuel source in the Florida gar. The capacity for lipid metabolism in L. platyrhincus appears limited as plasma NEFA levels and the activities of enzymes involved in lipid oxidation are low relative to many other fish species. L. platyrhincus is capable of oxidizing both D- and L-beta-hydroxybutyrate, with tissue-specific preferences for each stereoisomer, yet the capacity for ketone body metabolism is low compared with other primitive fishes. Based on enzyme activities, the metabolism of the air-breathing organ more closely resembles that of the mammalian lung than a fish swim bladder. The Florida gar sits phylogenetically and metabolically in an intermediate position between the "primitive" elasmobranchs and the "advanced" teleosts. The apparently unique metabolic organization of the gar may have evolved in the context of a bimodal air-breathing environmental adaptation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

Ecosystem Management to Achieve Ecological Sustainability: The Case of South Florida

The ecosystems of South Florida are unique in the world. The defining features of the natural Everglades (large spatial scale, temporal patterns of water storage and sheetflow, and low nutrient levels) historically allowed a mosaic of habitats with characteristic animals. Massive hydrological alterations have halved the Everglades, and ecological sustainability requires fundamental changes in management.The US Man and the Biosphere Human-Dominated Systems Directorate is conducting a case study of South Florida using ecosystem management as a framework for exploring options for mutually dependent sustainability of society and the environment. A new methodology was developed to specify sustainability goals, characterize human factors affecting the ecosystem, and conduct scenario/consequence analyses to examine ecological and societal implications. South Florida has sufficient water for urban, agricultural, and ecological needs, but most water drains to the sea through the system of canals; thus, the issue is not competition for resources but storage and management of water. The goal is to reestablish the natural system for water quantity, timing, and distribution over a sufficient area to restore the essence of the Everglades.The societal sustainability in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) is at risk because of soil degradation, vulnerability of sugar price supports, policies affecting Cuban sugar imports, and political/economic forces aligned against sugar production. One scenario suggested using the EAA for water storage while under private sugar production, thereby linking sustainability of the ecological system with societal sustainability. Further analyses are needed, but the US MAB project suggests achieving ecological sustainability consistent with societal sustainability may be feasible.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Comparative thyroid hormone concentration in maternal serum and yolk of the bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) from two sites along the coast of Florida.

Maternally provisioned yolk hormones have been determined to play critical roles in development across vertebrate taxa. This study ascertained the presence and concentration of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the maternal serum and yolk of the developing placental viviparous shark Sphyrna tiburo from one site adjacent to Tampa Bay and another within Florida Bay, Florida, USA. The developmental profile of T(3) in yolk showed a steady increase from pre-ovulation to post-ovulation and peaked to its highest concentration during the pregnancy stage. There was an increase in the T(3)/T(4) ratio in yolk during the pregnancy stage which suggests a possible increase in the conversion of T(4) to T(3) within yolk, possible embryonic endogenous production, or passive uptake of T(3) from uterine fluids. Similar to the pattern seen in yolk, maternal serum T(3) concentrations tended to increase as development progressed. The concentration of T(3) and T(4) in yolk from Tampa Bay was consistently higher than in yolk from Florida Bay. The differences in the patterns of thyroid hormones from these two locations may explain previously reported differences in the rate of embryonic development in the two locations.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Genomic organization and evolution of actin genes in the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri and Branchiostoma floridae.

We previously described the cDNA cloning and expression patterns of actin genes from amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae (Kusakabe, R., Kusakabe, T., Satoh, N., Holland, N.D., Holland, L.Z., 1997. Differential gene expression and intracellular mRNA localization of amphioxus actin isoforms throughout development: implications for conserved mechanisms of chordate development. Dev. Genes Evol. 207, 203-215). In the present paper, we report the characterization of cDNA clones for actin genes from a closely related species, Branchiostoma belcheri, and the exon-intron organization of B. floridae actin genes. Each of these two amphioxus species has two types of actin genes, muscle and cytoplasmic. The coding and non-coding regions of each type are well-conserved between the two species. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of muscle actin genes between the two species suggests that a gene conversion may have occurred between two B. floridae muscle actin genes BfMA1 and BfMA2. From the conserved positions of introns between actin genes of amphioxus and those of other deuterostomes, the evolution of deuterostome actin genes can be inferred. Thus, the presence of an intron at codon 328/329 in vertebrate muscle and cytoplasmic actin genes but not in any known actin gene in other deuterostomes suggests that a gene conversion may have occurred between muscle and cytoplasmic actin genes during the early evolution of the vertebrates after separation from other deuterostomes. A Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the amphioxus genome contains multiple muscle and cytoplasmic actin genes. Some of these actin genes seem to have arisen from recent duplication and gene conversion. Our findings suggest that the multiple genes encoding muscle and cytoplasmic actin isoforms arose independently in each of the three chordate lineages, and gene duplications and gene conversions established the extant actin multigene family during the evolution of chordates.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1999

Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-Old horses from florida

Six sympatric species of 5-million-year-old (late Hemphillian) horses from Florida existed during a time of major global change and extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, these horses were interpreted to have fed on abrasive grasses because of their high-crowned teeth. However, carbon isotopic and tooth microwear data indicate that these horses were not all C4 grazers but also included mixed feeders and C3 browsers. The late Hemphillian Florida sister species of the modern genus Equus was principally a browser, unlike the grazing diet of modern equids. Late Hemphillian horse extinctions in Florida involved two grazing and one browsing species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Corky root of lettuce caused by strains of a gram-negative bacterium from muck soils of Florida, new york, and wisconsin.

Slow-growing bacteria similar to the bacterium causing lettuce corky root (CR) in California (strain CA1) were isolated from muck soils of Florida, New York, and Wisconsin, using lettuce seedlings as bait. All strains were tested for reaction with polyclonal antibodies produced against strain CA1 and for pathogenicity on CR-susceptible (Salinas) and CR-resistant (Green Lake) lettuce cultivars in a greenhouse. Five strains from Florida, three from New York, and three from Wisconsin induced severe CR symptoms on Salinas and mild symptoms on Green Lake. All strains were gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase positive, and catalase positive and reduced nitrate to ammonia. Whole-cell fatty acid compositions were similar for all strains and resembled that of Pseudomonas paucimobilis. Since this fatty acid pattern is unique, it is suggested that CR of lettuce is caused by strains of the same bacterium in Florida, New York, Wisconsin, and California.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of aromatic compounds and Mn2+ on the ligninolytic enzyme complex from the fungus Pleurotus floridae (FRIES) Kummer--a white-rot wood fungus].

The influence of aromatic compounds and Mn ions on activities of ligninolityc enzymes from white-rot fungus Pleurotus floridae has been studied. The specific inducers: vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol--for activity of manganese-dependent peroxidase; vanillyl alcohol--for activity of cellobiose: quinone oxidoreductase during submerged, fermentation of Pleurotus floridae in Kirk's medium have been revealed. The inducers of laccase activity among studied aromatic compounds have not been revealed. The influence of Mn2+ in concentration range 0.4-68.4 mM on activities of ligninolytic enzymes of submerged culture of fungus P. floridae has been studied. Concentration of Mn ions 32.4 mM was optimal for manganese-dependent peroxidase activity.

Benzyl Alcohols↗