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PubMedDate not supplied

Human fascioliasis: cure by mebendazole? A case report.

We report a case of invasive human Fasciola hepatica infection in which, for the first time, a successful treatment with high doses of mebendazole (4 g/day for 3 weeks) was achieved. This therapy resulted in a prompt and prolonged normalization of eosinophil counts, liver enzymes abnormalities and specific serological tests together with the disappearance of liver necrosis indicating the eradication of liver flukes. The efficacy of mebendazole in the treatment of fascioliasis must be confirmed by further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A short note on praziquantel in human fascioliasis.

Ten patients suffering from fascioliasis were treated with praziquantel. In two patients, egg counts dropped to zero following treatment, but there was no significant reduction in egg counts in the other eight.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1979

The serodiagnosis of chronic fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) using a fluorescent-antibody technique with single and multiple whole-fluke antigens.

Sera from cattle with single or mixed infections of Fasciola gigantica. Dicrocoelium hospes, Schistosoma bovis and paramphistomes were examined for fluorescent antibodies. Cross-reacting antibodies of the heterologous flukes were easily detected by using cryostat sections with whole-fluke-antigen of all three flukes. The presence of F. gigantica antibodies in a cattle herd was tested at two monthly intervals in order to establish the occurrence of chronic fascioliasis. The lack of significant differences in antibody levels of infected, treated and uninfected cattle however showed that herd antibody levels are not very useful to detect chronic Fasciola infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Human fascioliasis in Cajamarca/Peru. I. Diagnostic methods and treatment with praziquantel.

In a prospective study 34 Peruvian fascioliasis patients were followed up for three months after treatment with praziquantel. The rapid sedimentation of faeces was demonstrated to be the most appropriate parasitological technique for the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infections in man compared to the MIF concentration or the examination of duodenal fluid by Enterotest. After therapy with different doses of praziquantel only 21% of the patients stopped to excrete worm eggs although 17 patients had been treated repeatedly. During the period of observation all patients presented a decreasing number of symptoms. It is concluded that praziquantel is not very active against F. hepatica in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Human fascioliasis in Cajamarca/Peru. II. Humoral antibody response and antigenaemia.

Four immunoassays (IgG ELISA, indirect haemagglutination = IHA, IgM ELISA and antigen ELISA) for determination of humoral antibody and of circulating antigen, respectively, were applied to sera of 45 Peruvian fascioliasis patients who were identified by demonstration of Fasciola eggs in faeces. All of the sera were reactive by at least one of the assays. Sensitivity rates were 0.98 for IgG ELISA, 0.56 for IHA, 0.51 for IgM ELISA and 0.20 for antigen ELISA. Among those 34 patients who were followed up after praziquantel therapy there was a different pattern of immunoassay results between patients who stopped excreting eggs after therapy and those who continued to pass eggs. Cure was indicated by disappearance of both IgM antibody and antigen levels during three months after treatment, whereas persistence of infection corresponded to new or re-occurrence of IgM antibody and/or circulating antigen during the period of observation. Since there was no apparent relation of immunoassay results to therapy, it is presumed that the Peruvian patients did not respond to praziquantel at all.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Fascioliasis: similarities of the anemia in rats to that produced by infused proline.

Fasciola hepatica releases large amounts of proline into the bile of its host. Significant increases in the levels of other amino acids in the bile also occur. The present investigation examines whether proline and these other amino acids may play a role in inducing the anemia that frequently accompanies fascioliasis. In experiments, rats were infused intra-abdominally for 2 weeks with 1 of 3 solutions: 20.0 mM proline in saline, a mixture of 8 amino acids (excluding proline) each at 2.0 mM in saline, or saline only. At the end of the experiments 2 cc of blood was removed from each rat, via cardiac puncture. The heparinized blood was used to count erythrocytes and reticulocytes, and to measure hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Analysis of variance disclosed highly significant differences in erythrocyte counts, MCV, and reticulocyte counts among the 5 groups. A Student-Newman-Keuls test indicated that the Proline and Infected groups were not different from each other (except for MCV, where proline's effect was more severe) and that both groups differed significantly from the Amino Acid group, the Saline group, and the Control group. Hence, it appears that infused proline can cause an anemia similar to that induced by Fasciola.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A focus of human fascioliasis in the Nile Delta, Egypt.

This study was carried out in Abis II village. A representative sample of the population was examined for parasitic infections. Of these 40 cases were positive for Fasciola ova and the diagnosis was confirmed. The prevalence of fascioliasis was 7.3 per cent. The egg size was determined in both human and animal samples. Although the ova measurements corresponded in many instances to Fasciola hepatica, yet the identification of the Fasciola spp. needs further investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chronic subclinical ovine fascioliasis: plasma glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and their significance as diagnostic aids.

The effect of low grade chronic Fasciola hepatica infection on the concentration of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase (GD), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was investigated in sheep dosed daily with three (AL3), eight (AL8) or 14 (AL14) metacercariae over 22 weeks or given a single dose of 200 metacercariae. Significant increases in plasma GD activity first occurred after nine, 12 and 23 weeks and in gamma-GT activity after 12, 24 and 32 weeks for groups AL14, AL8 and AL3 respectively. Changes in AST activity were not as clearly related to dose level. In sheep with single infection, both GD and gamma-GT were capable of detecting liver damage resulting from the migration of 10 or more flukes. Plasma GD and gamma-GT activities are more sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in chronic subclinical fascioliasis than AST activity and gamma-GT may be more suitable as a diagnostic aid on account of its greater stability.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Liver fascioliasis with unusual abscess formation. Case report].

The case is reported of a 34-year-old Swiss who presented with signs of liver abscess after returning from South America. The symptoms regressed under trial treatment with a tissue amoebicide. The initial blood hypereosinophilia could be explained only 8 months later by the presence of eggs of Fasciola hepatica in the patient's faeces. Serological investigations were negative for amoebiasis an hydatid disease but positive for fascioliasis. The possibility of abscess formation by infestation with F. hepatica is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Fascioliasis hepatis--computed tomographic aspect].

In a patient with liver fascioliasis (already excreting eggs with the faeces) a CT scan of the liver showed after i. v. contrast injection a relatively characteristic aspect with multiple, small, hypodense areas, partly in formations of bunches of grapes, partly in a street-like arrangement towards the portal vein - bile duct - areas. 9 months later the hypodense lesions had markedly decreased.

Fasciola hepatica↗
PubMed1983

Fascioliasis: bile duct collagen induced by proline from the worm.

We investigated whether collagen increases occur in the bile duct during fascioliasis, and their relationship to the release of proline by the worm. Experiments showed increased levels of collagen in the bile ducts of rats following 2 wk of infusion with proline or i.p. implantation with Fasciola. The increase in bile duct collagen in proline-infused animals and in worm-implanted animals could be completely inhibited to the amount in controls by 3,4-dehydroproline. These effects suggest that the hyperplasia of the bile duct that is induced by liver flukes involves stimulation of collagen deposition through their release of proline.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Human fascioliasis in Corozal, Puerto Rico.

A limited survey for human infection with F. hepatica was conducted in the mountain region of Corozal, Puerto Rico. This region was selected because bovine fascioliasis was hyperendemic, watercress was grown locally for human consumption, and Lymnaea cubensis snails (an intermediate host for F. hepatica in Puerto Rico) were found in the watercress farms. Of 110 fecal samples examined 12 were positive for F. hepatica. Seven matched serum samples were also positive for F. hepatica antibodies by counterelectrophoresis. Eleven of the 12 infected individuals had a history of eating watercress. This is the first survey to demonstrate a relatively large proportion of asymptomatic. F. hepatica-infected humans in Puerto Rico. Other helminth parasites commonly found in the study population included Trichuris trichiura and hookworm.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinical fascioliasis in domestic goats in Montana.

Fascioliasis (Fasciola hepatica infection) was diagnosed in a herd of domestic goats in Montana. Twenty-eight goats died after a month-long clinical course of anorexia, weight loss, depression, lethargy, and decreased milk production. Clinical laboratory findings included anemia, low hemoglobin content, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, eosinophilia, and high hepatic enzyme activity. The livers of affected goats had extensive parenchymal necrosis, fibrosis, and biliary hyperplasia. Albendazole oral suspension (20 mg/kg) was used to treat 45 of the remaining goats twice, 30 days apart; 15 goats were untreated controls. Egg counts for the untreated group averaged 171 fluke eggs per gram of feces, which compared with less than 1 epg per gram for the treated group. Fifteen percent of the treated goats died, whereas 73% of the untreated goats died. On the basis of necropsy findings, albendazole treatment was regarded as greater than 99% effective against adult F hepatica.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological studies on 121 case of human fascioliasis occurring during 25 years (author's transl)].

Epidemiological investigations in Haute-Vienne (France) showed the occurrence of 121 cases of human fascioliasis between 1955 and 1979. 39 cases were counted in Limoges and 82 cases in the other districts of Haute-Vienne with a higher number of cases located in the western districts of low altitude (under 300 m). Human cases occurred nearly through all the years, but they were more abundant on years with an important F. hepatica infection of cattle and sheep. The infected plants' ingestion occurred every month of the year with a maximum from november to February. 49 persons belonging to 24 families and 72 alone persons were affected with the disease. All the periods of age were concerned. The disease's distribution was essentially rural. The professions connected to cattle- and sheep-breeding were more frequent than all the other professions. Three species of plants were eaten: water-cress (116 persons), dandelion (4 persons), corn-salad (1 person). The significance of these observations is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of human fascioliasis with niclofolan.

We report a case of human Fasciola hepatica infection. For the first time evidence is presented of successful treatment of fascioliasis by oral administration of niclofolan, a biphenyl anthelmintic compound that is available for clinical testing in West Germany. Niclofolan therapy achieved elimination of eggs from the feces and normalization of eosinophil counts, liver enzymes and Fasciola titers, suggesting eradication of biliary flukes in our patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Molecular weight determination of Fasciola antigens specific for diagnosis of acute fascioliasis.

Acute human fascioliasis depends in its diagnosis on detecting specific antibodies in the sera of patients. It was observed that both somatic fraction I and crude E/S products of adult Fasciola gigantica worm gave sensitive and specific results. Using IgM ELISA, the cut off O.D was 0.6 and 0.3 nm. and the accuracy was 93% and 98% for the two antigens respectively. Determination of the molecular weight of these two antigens was undertaken by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the somatic fraction I ranged from 17.5 to 43.9 kd, that of the crude E/S products ranged from 12.5 to 14.7 kd. These results were compored with those of previous works performed on antigens of F. hepatica.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Serodifferentiation of human fascioliasis from schistosomiasis.

A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) was developed using excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Fasciola gigantica adult worms and freeze-thaw antigen (AFT) of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. Specific IgG and IgM antibodies were simultaneously investigated in sera from 17 febrile eosinophilic hospitalized patients and 20 healthy controls. Dot-ELISA was shown useful and could differentiate fascioliasis from schistosomiasis prior to parasite egg detection in patient's stool. This assay is field and laboratory applicable.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An analysis of the results of clinical trials of praziquantel analogs in intestinal cestode and trematode infections. 2. The treatment of liver trematode infections (opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis) and schistosomiasis].

The authors did not detect any differences in the efficacies and tolerance of praziquantel analogs manufactured by various firms (azinox, Russia; pikitor, China; cesol, cisticide, biltricide, Bayer, Merk, Germany, India). These drugs were found highly effective in opisthorchiasis (87.8%) and schistosomiasis (91.7%) and ineffective in fascioliasis. The efficacy and tolerance of azinox, a drug manufactured in this country, was similar to those of its foreign analogs.

Adolescent↗