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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up and the role of vitrectomy in the treatment of perforating eye injuries without intraocular foreign bodies.

The long-term results of 292 consecutive eyes with a perforating eye injury without an intraocular foreign body treated with or without pars plana vitrectomy are reported. With the mean follow-up time of 31.0 months 45 eyes (15%) were enucleated and another 47 eyes (16%) were blind (visual acuity less than 0.05). The retina was attached in 87% of the non-enucleated eyes. The visual outcome was considerably better in eyes with anterior segment injuries (ASI) compared to posterior segment injuries (PSI). Eyes with primary vitreous haemorrhage had poorer visual prognosis than eyes without haemorrhage. Vitrectomy improved the prognosis of the former eyes, but in the whole series the visual acuity was better in eyes in which vitrectomy was not performed (not considered indicated). Of the vitrectomized eyes, 55% in the ASI group and 25% in the PSI group received useful vision (visual acuity greater than or equal to 0.05). Excluding the very late vitrectomies, a statistically significant correlation was found between the timing of vitrectomy and the late visual outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Anti-infectives in eye injuries].

BACKGROUND: We present the current concepts for the use of anti-infectives parallel to surgery of traumatic eye injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the national and international literature were collected using the PubMed, Medline, Drugs and Pharmacology, ISI, and Cochrane databanks. In addition, the experience from our tertiary center was taken into consideration. RESULTS: For palpepral and globe injuries prophylactic and therapeutic anti-infectives are recommended as supporting measures to surgical repair. These include antiseptics (PVP-iodine), antibiotics (cefuroxime, vancomycin, ceftazidime), antimycotics (voriconazole) and anti-inflammatory substances (prednisolone). CONCLUSIONS: Several drugs are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of infection following eye injury.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of permanent sequelae of eye injuries in relation to the duration of work disability and degree of invalidism].

The authors evaluated the sequelae of 200 eye injuries based on forensic attests during the investigation period from 1983-1997. The group comprised 166 men and 34 women, mean age 37.5 years, incl. 25 children under 18 years. They classified the injuries in-to groups with regard to their origin and mechanism. Attention was paid to evaluation of visual acuity at distance, the number of operations of the eyes and the authors classified the group with regard to ophthalmological diagnosis and complications. The mean period of hospitalization was 32.8 days, the mean period of work incapacity 117.7 days. In the whole group there were 75 monoculi, 6 bilaterally blind subjects, one quarter had 6/6 vision on both eyes. Almost half the injured subjects had a reduced work capacity, there were 66 partial invalids, 22 full invalids, 13 subjects had an altered work capacity. The discussion is focused on better collaboration of the ophthalmologist and physician assessing the work capacity in evaluation of permanent sequelae of eye injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Eye injuries in Canadian hockey.

Increasing public concern led the Canadian Ophthalmological Society, in January 1974, to form a committee to study the incidence, types and causes of hockey eye injuries and to devise means of reducing such injuries. Retrospective and current studies were undertaken, and face protectors were tested. In both pilot studies, sticks were the commonest cause and the highest number of eye injuries was in players 11-15 years old. An average of 15% of all injured eyes were rendered legally blind. Cooperation with hockey authorities has resulted in changed rules and their sticter enforcement, and formulation of standards for face protection approved by the Canadian Standards Association. In this interim report the committee recommends that all amateur hockey players wear eye protectors and urges ophthalmologists to participate in efforts to improve the design of protective equipment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Blunt trauma of the aging eye: injury mechanisms and increasing lens stiffness.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible injury mechanisms in the eyes of elderly individuals and the effects of lens stiffness on model outputs indicative of injury as a function of age. METHODS: Three separate frontal impact scenarios, a foam particle (30 m/s), steering wheel (15 m/s), and air bag (67 m/s), were simulated with a validated finite-element model to determine the effects of changing lens stiffness on the eye when subjected to blunt trauma. The lens stiffness of the model was increased with increasing age using stiffness values determined from the literature for 3 age groups. RESULTS: The computational eye model demonstrated increasing peak stress in the posterior portion of the ciliary body and decreasing peak stress in the posterior portion of the zonules with increasing lens stiffness for the 2 most severe impact types, the air bag and steering wheel. Peak deformation of the lens decreased with increasing lens stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the computational modeling analysis, the risk of eye injury increases with age; as a result, the eyes of elderly patients may be more susceptible to ciliary body-related eye injuries in traumatic-impact situations. Clinical Relevance These data support the contention that trauma-induced damage to the lens, ciliary body, and zonules may be related to increased stiffness of the lens. The data indicate that all people, especially elderly individuals, should use safety systems while driving an automobile and sit as far from the air bag as is comfortable. Those in sports or work environments requiring protective lenses should wear them. Designers of air bags and automobile companies should continue to work to reduce the potential that the air bag will contact the eye.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1981

Sports eye injuries a preventable disease.

Each year, sports are responsible for over 100.000 preventable eye injuries. A face-protector standard was developed for hockey. Certified protectors effectively eliminated eye and face injuries to 1,200,000 players averting a projected 70,000 injuries and saving over $10,000,000 in medical expenses annually. The principle of absorbing energy in a protective device before the eye is injured is applied to other sports (racket sports, baseball, basketball). Recommendations are made on eye protection for athletes. Better data collection and standards for sports and children's eyewear are encouraged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Eye injuries in squash].

BACKGROUND: Since 1968, when the first commercial squash center has opened in Hamburg, squash has become very popular in Germany. Squash is played between two players in a closed court using racquets and a hollow rubber ball which could reach a maximum speed up to 225 km/h. According observations of English and American ophthalmologists there is an increased risk to get an eye injury in this game. Because of the isolation by the former existing wall, Berlin-West was an ideal place to study the ocular hazards of playing squash. METHODS: In 1991 about 40,000 squash players existed in Berlin-West playing on 118 courts of 13 commercial squash centers. During January to October 1991 case records of all hospitals with an emergency eye ambulance and of the eye residents were investigated, furthermore all patient records of 1989 and 1990 of the eye clinic of the university hospital Rudolf Virchow, department Charlottenburg, were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: All over 234 sports-related eye injuries were registrated, 78 (33.3%) patients sustained the injury during a squash game, 43 (18.4%) during soccer and 34 (14.5%) during playing tennis. 71 squash players were treated in an hospital ambulance, of these 15 required admission. A total of 206 injuries were sustained by the players. The majority of injuries were superficial, but in 12 cases occured an hyphaema and in 13 an angle recession. In all admitted patients visual recovery was good, during the clinical follow up there were no perimetric, ophthalmoscopic or tonometric impairments. The initial loss of visual acuity of the injured eye compared to the other side was on the average 4.5 lines, at dismissal from the hospital it was on the average 2 lines. CONCLUSION: Because of the increased risk to get an eye injury during a game of squash, players should be encouraged to wear proper eye protection i.e. closed eye guards according to standards of North-American testing organisations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Primary wound closure after eye injuries. An analysis of 100 cases (author's transl)].

Penetrating eye injuries occur frequently during children's games or in the household, are caused by road accidents or at work. Of a series of 100 consecutive primary wound repairs 89% were perforation and 11% ruptures of the globe. In 53% of the analyzed injuries the wound was limited to the cornea, in 29% to the sclera and in 18% there was a combined corneoscleral wound. The lens and the vitreous were injured in one-third of the cases. The aim of the primary repair in penetrating injuries of the anterior segment is a watertight wound closure and the reconstitution of the anterior chamber. Intraocular foreign bodies are extracted in an atraumatic manner after exact localization. In extensive injuries of the posterior segment an adequate retinal detachment prophylaxis is part of the primary wound repair. The final result after rupture of the globe is rather unsatisfactory. The result in penetrating injuries is better and depends on the extent of the changes of the bulbar wall and the involvement of the intraocular structures. In the treatment of eyes with penetrating injuries the functional results are good in about 30%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Alfentanil in an anaesthetic technique for penetrating eye injuries.

Alfentanil in three doses (10, 20 and 30 micrograms/kg) was added to an anaesthetic technique suitable for penetrating eye injuries. All three doses proved effective in abolishing the marked present response to tracheal intubation which occurs with this technique, but at least 20 micrograms/kg was needed to obtund the heart rate response significantly and to facilitate early intubation. Transient hypotension and bradycardia occurred in some patients who received the highest dose of alfentanil. The incidence of postoperative sequelae was small in all groups. Thus, the optimal dose of alfentanil in an anaesthetic technique for penetrating eye injuries appears to be 20 micrograms/kg.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Change in the etiology and sequelae of severe eye injuries. A comparison of 197 personal patient admissions with other reports from the literature].

The spectrum of severe eye-injuries has clearly changed. We have analysed the documents of 197 patients treated in our clinic from 1988-1990. Of 119 (60.4%) contusions and 78 (39.6%) perforating injuries only 25.3% were occupational accidents. A more detailed analysis showed above all an increase of sport- and leisure-injuries and a considerable decrease of traffic-injuries (4.6%). Shocking is in contrast the percentage (10.7%) of severe injuries by brutality. More details concerning the consequences of injuries are presented and compared with older statistics. From this conclusions are drawn for better prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of Hirudo therapy on lipid peroxidation and catalase activity of the rabbit retina after light-induced eye injuries].

Effect of Hirudo therapy on the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and catalase activity in the retina and pigmented epithelium (PE) after exposure to intensive illumination is assessed. Light injury to the eye (100,000 lux in 90 min) leads to accumulation of LPO products and suppression of catalase activity. Hirudo therapy after potent light exposure of the eye decreased the level of hydroperoxide and malonic dialdehyde and normalized retinal and PE catalase activity, thus exerting a therapeutic antioxidant effect. Hirudo therapy before illumination did not notably protect the eye as regards the content of LPO products and catalase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Eye injuries in Denmark. Based on a prospective study in a limited geographic area].

A regional prospective casualty department investigation of patients with eye injuries is compared with recent Danish investigations on the subject. The frequency, causes and the primary sites of treatment are reviewed and the pattern of referral is followed. The investigation reveals that great regional differences exist as regards the frequency and the sites of primary treatment and that injuries sustained during leisure activities resemble occupational injuries. The combination of standardized casualty department treatment and the possibility of referral to a specialist or special department appears to be a good therapeutic model for acute eye injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Severe perforating eye injury caused by an air bag in a traffic skid accident].

BACKGROUND: After a penetrating injury of the eye following a car accident the driver demanded accurate investigations by the Institute for Legal Medicine of Zurich concerning the security of the equipment, especially the airbag. This led to an astonishing explication of the mechanism of the injury, not without consequences for safety measures for drivers and front seat passengers in air bag equipped cars. CASE REPORT: Due to a relatively harmless accident, the driver suffered from a severe penetrating injury of the right eye after the airbag deployed. The front seat passenger, having the seat belts fastened, was not injured. The accident was investigated by the Institute of Legal Medicine of Zurich. RESULTS: The analysis of the accident showed that the airbag had deployed properly. The cover of the airbag showed no defects of substance. With the precise examination of the interior of the car a broken tobacco pipe came to light. CONCLUSIONS: In this case not the airbag itself but a tobacco pipe held in the hand by the driver during the airbag ignition caused a severe injury of the eye. This case report illustrates the hazard of having any rigid object between the occupant and the deploying air bag. In conclusion, the drivers and front seat passengers of an airbag equipped car can only profit from the considerable security gain, if they know about these risks and adapt their behaviours to the new surroundings, but also the car manufactures have to instruct the customers properly.

Accidents, Traffic↗