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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Structure of the middle ear in infants].

In section specimens of 20 infants aged 2 months to one year the morphology of the middle ear was studied in comparison with 20 adult cases aged 20-50 years. The differences were in size and shape of the tympanic cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid and middle ear ossicles. The comparison of dimensions of auditory ossicles in the infants and in adults shows that the length of malleus increases 11.9%, the length of manubrium mallei--11.5%, crus longum incudis--10.2%, the incus length--7.6%, incus width--8.2%, stapes length--4.5%, length of stapes basis--5.3%, width of stapes basis--7.5%. These data may be useful in pediatric otolaryngology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advances in the use of glass-ionomeric cement. Part 1: Experimental results and portrayal of a technique.

The objective of this study was to develop a method of cement microapplication using glass-ionomeric cement. The results of an experimental study to design a microapplication method of glass-ionomeric cement (Ionocem) are presented. Typical middle ear implant materials, as well as human temporal bones and middle ear ossicles, were used to test the efficiency of this application method. Two different versions of Ionocem, low and normal viscosity, were tested under different temperatures and with several application tools. Sufficient processing time could be achieved by cooling the cement down to 4 degrees C. A subcutaneous insulin syringe with a milled-off tip proved to be cost-effective, efficient and versatile. Using this instrument, durable and secure cementation between the parts tested could be achieved. This method may be of significant importance in otologic research and microsurgical routine. In part 2, experimental animal results will follow, as the method portrayed was used to secure parts of a totally implantable middle ear hearing device.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2005

Temporal bone histopathologic findings in partial trisomy 13 and partial trisomy 14.

OBJECTIVE: To describe temporal bone histopathology in an infant with partial trisomies of chromosomes 13 and 14. METHODS: Temporal bones were taken at autopsy from a 7-day-old neonate who has both partial trisomy 13 and partial trisomy 14. The right temporal bone was embedded in celloidin and sections were cut for microscopic examination. The left temporal bone was studied by microdissection. The middle ear was examined and the inner ear sensory organs dissected for study by light microscopy. RESULTS: The external auditory canal was stenotic in both ears. Remnants of mesenchymal tissue were present in the middle ear cavity. The middle ear ossicles were normal except that both stapes were malformed with a single crus and a small footplate. Both facial nerve canals were dehiscent in the region of the oval window. The cochlea was malformed bilaterally; a scala communis was present and the basilar membrane was abnormally short. No loss of sensory cells was observed in either cochlea. Blood vessels were found traversing scala vestibuli and there were cystic lesions in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament. In the middle cochlear turn, the bony wall of scala vestibuli and the osseous spiral lamina were covered by a substantial layer of connective tissue which appeared to be an extension of the spiral ligament. This is an unusual finding which, to the authors' knowledge, has not been previously reported. In the vestibular apparatus a wide communication was present between the saccule and utricle. CONCLUSIONS: As this study demonstrates, abnormalities of the external, middle, and inner ear may occur in cases of partial trisomy 13 and partial trisomy 14. Both temporal bone findings and clinical features in partial trisomy 13 and partial trisomy 14 to some degree overlap with those of trisomy 13, partial trisomy 13 and partial trisomy 14.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13↗
PubMed1994

Abnormal pinna type and hearing loss correlations in Down's syndrome.

Significant hearing loss and external pinna malformations are two of the most common defects evident in Down's syndrome. The external and middle ears are linked embryologically, both arising from the first and second branchial arches. Evidence indicates that the majority of hearing loss in Down's syndrome is conductive in nature, originating from malformations of the middle ear ossicles and/or the eustachian tube. Recent studies also have indicated that hearing loss is a contributing factor to the IQ and learning deficits that afflict most individuals with Down's syndrome. Therefore, an early, external diagnostic feature for predicting conductive hearing loss would be desirable. In the current study, people with Down's syndrome, people with non-Down's mental retardation and control subjects were examined in a clinical environment for the presence of hearing loss and pinna defects. It was found that 90% of the Down's syndrome population had significant hearing loss, compared to slightly more than 50% in the non-Down's group and no hearing loss in the controls. Also, the majority of hearing loss among individuals with Down's syndrome was conductive, while all hearing loss in the non-Down's group was sensorineural. The Down's syndrome population exhibited nearly 3.5 pinna defects per ear, with malformations of the helix being very evident. The non-Down's population exhibited 2.5 pinna defects per ear, with concha defects being the most common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Remarks on the inner ear of elasmobranchs and its interpretation from skeletal labyrinth morphology.

The structure and function of the craniate inner ear is reviewed, with 33 apomorphic characters of the membranous labyrinth and associated structures identified in craniates, gnathostomes, and elasmobranchs. Elasmobranchs are capable of low-frequency semi-directional phonoreception, even in the absence of any pressure-to-displacement transducer such as ear ossicles. The endolymphatic (parietal) fossa, semicircular canals, and crista (macula) neglecta are all adapted toward phonoreception. Some (but not all) of the morphological features associated with phonoreception can be inferred from the elasmobranch skeletal labyrinth. Endocranial spaces such as the skeletal labyrinth also provide suites of morphological characters that may be incorporated into phylogenetic analyses, irrespective of how closely these spaces reflect underlying soft anatomy. The skeletal labyrinths of Squalus and Notorynchus are compared using silicone endocasts and high-resolution CT-scanning. The latter procedure offers several advantages over other techniques; it is more informative, nondestructive, preserves relationships of surrounding structures, and it can be applied both to modern and fossil material.

Animals↗