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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Time trends of incidence of digestive system cancers in changle of China during 1988-2002.

AIM: To analyze the incidence of digestive system cancer in Changle of China over a 15-year period. METHODS: The datasets were presented as time-series of China-standardized annual incidence during 1988-2002. Linear regression model was used to analyze the incidence of stomach, liver, esophagus and colorectal cancers. RESULTS: Linear regression models for the time-series of stomach and esophagus cancer incidences for both men and women were statistically significant (P < 0.05); Regression models for liver cancer and for colorectal cancer were statistically significant for men (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence rates of stomach and esophagus cancers for both men and women had down tendencies. For men, liver cancer had a down trend of the incidence and colorectal cancer had an upward trend of the incidence rate.

China↗
PubMed2005

Digestive system of the sacoglossan Plakobranchus ocellatus (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia): light- and electron-microscopic observations with remarks on chloroplast retention.

The sacoglossan Plakobranchus ocellatus feeds by sucking the cytoplasmic contents from algae and retains intact algal chloroplasts within the cells of the digestive gland. Morphology of the entire digestive system of this species was firstly described by means of a combination of histology and electron microscopy (both SEM and TEM). The short alimentary canal is confined to the head, and the anus opens at the anterior right corner of the pericardial swelling, as is the case in many non-shelled sacoglossans. The alimentary canal of the specimens examined rarely contained ingesta, suggesting that the retained chloroplasts provide sufficient nourishment to the sacoglossan hosts and that sea slugs with empty stomachs survive well in the field. The digestive gland, with the retained chloroplasts, branches from the stomach and is sparsely distributed throughout the body, including the head region, but is aggregated mainly in the dorsal lamellae. Chloroplasts were occasionally found in the epithelial cells in the transitional region from the stomach wall to the digestive gland, which may be a site at which chloroplasts are incorporated into the animal cells by endocytosis. Numerous microvilli filling the lumen of the digestive gland suggest that molecules are actively transferred within the gland. The sea slug thus apparently provides a favorable environment to support the long-term retention and function of chloroplasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[The function of the digestive system organs in those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station (a review of the literature)].

There is an increase in the number of liquidators suffering from digestive diseases, as per the literary survey submitted. Most prevalent during the early postirradiation period are chronic gastritis, duodenitis, cholecystitis, and peptic ulcer, while later there prevail chronic hepatitis. Several distinguishing features are noted, that make for a graver course of the above-named illnesses, such as, in the first place, pathological processes in digestive organs, accompanied by profound morphofunctional disturbances in them, presenting with immunological as well as biochemical shifts. A grave course of digestive diseases results in high disability rates among the liquidators.

Digestive System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic mercuric chloride intoxication in the digestive system of Channa punctatus.

The effect of a sublethal concentration (0.30 mg/l) of mercuric chloride exposure on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, amylase, trypsin, and pepsin has been examined at intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days in the digestive system of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus. An inhibition in the activity of all the above enzymes was noted after the first week of treatment. Treatment of the fishes for 15 days resulted in a marked increase in activity of all the enzymes. A slight fall in enzyme activity was recorded after 30 days, but the overall activity was higher than in control fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Nitric oxide producing neurons in the monkey and human digestive system.

Nitric oxide has been proposed as an inhibitory transmitter molecule that plays a role in muscle relaxation and vasodilation in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study analyzes the distribution of nitric-oxide-producing neurons in the monkey and human digestive system by means of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry. This histochemical method is reliable and convenient for the visualization of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase, the enzyme responsible for nitric-oxide generation. In the gastrointestinal tract, nitric-oxide-synthase-related diaphorase activity was present in nerve fibers running throughout the muscular layer (circular > longitudinal) and in numerous ganglion cells and processes in the myenteric plexus of monkeys and humans. Labelled ganglion cells and fibers also were observed in the submucous plexus, although they were much less numerous than those seen in the myenteric plexus. In the submucosa, a few positive fibers were seen around blood vessels. In the mucosa, stained fibers were sparse at the base of the villi and crypts, whereas they were quite abundant in the muscularis mucosae, especially in the small intestine and colon. In the gallbladder (human), labelling was found in ganglion cells and processes of the innermost and outermost ganglionated plexuses. Stained fibers also were distributed to the muscular layer and, less abundantly, to the mucosa and vasculature. Labelled fibers were more abundant in the sphincter of Oddi (human) than in the gallbladder. In the monkey and human pancreas, nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-diaphorase staining was seen mainly in ganglion cells and fibers of intrapancreatic ganglia, and in processes running among acini, around ducts and in the stroma. A moderate density of stained fibers also was distributed to the vasculature, whereas the islets showed few positive processes. Finally, double label experiments performed in the pancreas showed that the vast majority of neurons producing nitric oxide are immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[An overview of the regulation of basic functions of the digestive system].

The gastrointestinal system is the gate through which nutritive substances, vitamins, minerals, and fluids enter the body. Proteins, fats and complex carbohydrates are broken down into absorbable units (products of the digestion) in the digestive tract and finally they are absorbed together with vitamins, minerals and water into the blood or the lymph. The digestive and absorptive functions of the gastrointestinal tract depend on the various mechanisms, which adjust the food, put it through the gastrointestinal tract and mix it together with digestive enzymes secreted by the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, small intestine and with bile. Some of these mechanisms depend on the spontaneous activity of the smooth muscles, others involve the somatic and autonomous reflexes, paracrine effects of the chemical substances, hormones and local gastrointestinal hormones. The aim of this paper is to review the essential factors participating in the regulation of these processes (mainly motility and secretion) from the mouth cavity, stomach, duodenum, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine to the defecation. The basic regulatory factors are summarized in the schemes from the sources of the physiological textbooks, which are accepted in the whole world for the education of physiology in the medical faculties.

Digestive System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation of nutritional factors and chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system].

A mean set of food products used by a person every day was statistically analyzed on the basis of 21-year budget investigation of the population with the use of information tables. The rate of mortality due to chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system was studied using the data of annual statistical reports for 21 years. The correlation analysis of the findings obtained has shown that the food factors investigated are not reliably associated with the values of mortality from gastric malignant neoplasms and gastroenterocolitis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1997

Cell adhesion and migration. II. Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in the digestive system.

The adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells is a highly coordinated process that is governed by a number of factors, including the expression of specific adhesion glycoproteins, physical forces generated within the microcirculation, and inflammatory mediators released by a variety of activated cells. The digestive system, with its large resident population of immune cells and its tremendous capacity to generate inflammatory mediators, has proven to be a valuable source of information on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. This article considers some of the evolving issues that have surfaced as a consequence of the rapidly growing body of literature on this topic. Particular emphasis is devoted to unresolved issues related to the expression and shedding of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, the contribution of capillaries to the inflammatory response, and the role of mast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes in the modulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Digestive system involvement in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease well known to paediatricians. Over recent years, its prevalence among the adult population has dramatically increased; thus becoming a disease increasingly seen in adult practice. Cystic fibrosis is a multi-organ disease, with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations involving many organs. The aim of this article is to review the digestive system manifestations of this disease: the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary system and pancreas, with a special emphasis on the adult population.

Biliary Tract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of the parasympathetic nervous system in regulating the kinetics of the regional blood circulation in the digestive system organs].

Cranio-bulbar part of the parasympathetic nervous system proved to be important for regulation of the blood flow distribution between the organs of the gastroduodenal complex (liver, stomach, and small intestine), rate of the local blood flow and its kinetics. Investigation of the blood supply of the above mentioned organs various periods (1-60 days) after bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy has demonstrated the most pronounced transformations in macro- and micro-hemodynamics in the 14-30 days period. Time pattern of these changes has one maximum in liver and stomach (14-30 days) and two maxima (7 and 30 days) in small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[The digestive system and pancreas in 1982].

The present review is concerned with the main pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic progresses in the following fields: gastro-esophageal reflux, gastric antisecretory drugs, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer of colon and esophagus, pancreatic diseases (chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma), acute bacterial diseases of the digestive tract, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of the adult, diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the adult small bowel.

Bacterial Infections↗