Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Deception”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Defensive copers show a deficit in passive avoidance learning on Newman's go/no-go task: implications for self-deception and socialization.

The present study investigated whether passive avoidance learning was retarded by defensive coping strategies designed to minimize exposure to negatively valenced stimuli. High-anxious individuals, low-anxious individuals, and defensive copers completed a computerized go/no-go task, in which they learned when to press or not to press a button, in response to contingent positive and negative feedback. The duration that feedback remained onscreen was self-regulated. Defensive copers showed preferential reflection away from negative feedback, committed more passive-avoidance errors, and were characterized by impaired learning, overall. Further, the ratio of reflection on negative feedback to reflection on positive feedback directly mediated both passive-avoidance errors and overall learning. Defensive coping strategies, therefore, appear to interfere with passive avoidance learning, thereby fostering perseverative, dysfunctional action patterns by reducing knowledge gained from previous mistakes. Implications for the learning of effective socialization strategies, and for psychopathy-which is commonly characterized by similar passive-avoidance deficits-are subsequently considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Economies with 'the truth': professionals' narratives about lying and deception in mental health practice.

In psychiatric and psychotherapeutic literature, the idea of clients lying is not one that is commonly voiced, and many therapeutic positions seem to discourage discussion of the issue. In practice, however, professionals do meet with people who they feel are not being 'truthful', and this study sought to examine the narratives that a group of colleagues provided about the resulting conflicts and dilemmas. Through the use of unstructured interviews, I invited mental health practitioners to discuss their experiences of situations where they felt clients were lying to them. From an analysis of these research conversations I propose that, in a psychiatric context, lying and secrecy often occur as response to an experience of powerlessness by service-users. I also suggest that the issue of clients lying requires more open discussion amongst practitioners, in order to explore differences in power and perspective between professionals and clients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

A comparison of methods for the analysis of event-related potentials in deception detection.

We previously reported that a Bayesian-based event-related potential memory assessment procedure (Allen, Iacono, & Danielson, 1992, Psychophysiology, 29, 504-522) was highly accurate at identifying previously learned material, regardless of an individual's motivational incentive to conceal information. When a bootstrapping procedure (Farwell & Donchin, 1991, Psychophysiology, 28, 531-547) is applied to these same data, greater motivational incentives appear to increase the accuracy of the procedure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine these two procedures and a new procedure. ROC curves indicated that all three methods produce extremely high rates of classification accuracy and that the sensitivity of the bootstrapping procedure to motivational incentive is due to the particular cut points selected. One or the other method may be preferred depending upon incentive to deceive, the cost of incorrect decisions, and the availability of extra psychophysiological data.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Self-deception.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Deception↗
PubMed2000

Justified deception? The single blind placebo in drug research.

"Run-in" and "washout" periods involving the withholding of medication are widely used in drug research trials in pursuit of both patient safety and scientific reliability. Such no-medication periods can be justified ethically provided that they are apparent to patients, who can thereby properly consent to undergoing them. Less widespread, but still common, is the practice of "single blinding" no-medication periods, concealing them from patients by means of placebo. Whilst all placebos involve a measure of concealment, their use is typically justified in drug research trials (i) by their preserving the uncertainty generated by the random allocation of different treatments within a drug trial; and (ii) by the researchers openly declaring both the randomisation process and the chances of receiving placebo. In the single blind placebo "run-in" or "washout", neither of these conditions is met. This paper considers three possible defences of the practice of using single blind placebo "run-ins" or "washouts" and finds them all to fail; the practice appears ethically unjustified.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗